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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during EUROPA cruise from Porthmouth to Batavia started at 1853-03-01 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749252, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -13.392000 * Median Longitude: 17.105368 * South-bound Latitude: -38.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.750000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.120000 * East-bound Longitude: 105.390000
Date/Time Start: 1853-03-01T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-06-03T05:00:00
Event(s):
Europa_18530301_E_REIS_1_P1-9 * Latitude Start: 50.120000 * Longitude Start: -3.250000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-03-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-06-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa, Voyage: Porthmouth - Batavia, 1st Observer: D. Keus (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
12 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
13 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
14 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
15 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
16 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
18 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
19 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
20 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
21 Present weatherwwWeather description
22 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
23 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
24 Cloud typeCloud type
25 ClearnessClearness
26 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
27 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
28 FogFog1 If fog was reported
29 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
30 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
31 HailHail1 If hail was reported
32 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
33 CommentComment
34 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1975 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
12 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
13 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
14 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
15 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
16 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
18 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
19 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
20 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
21 
ww
(Weather description)
22 
Precip descr
23 
State sea descr
24 
Cloud type
25 
Clearness
26 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
27 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
28 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
29 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
30 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
31 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
32 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
33 
Comment
34 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-03-01T12:0050.12-3.2524619.01014.36.11VM8-24843.0029.95NW-WHARDE BUIEN TOT STORM, 8000000092100
1853-03-02T12:0048.52-7.0820112.31010.97.2VM8-24645.0029.85WZW-ZWHARDE BUIEN TOT STORM, AFNEMEND, 6000000092101
1853-03-03T13:0045.87-9.652919.31022.810.6VM8-24551.0030.20NWAFNEMENDE WIND, 5GOED ZEILBAAR WEER000000092102
1853-03-04T13:0044.30-11.232916.71026.110.6VM8-24451.0030.30NWAFNEMEND TOT LICHTE KOELTE, 4000000092103
1853-03-05T13:0042.12-12.352714.61032.910.0VM8-22350.0030.50WNW3MOOI WEERHOGE ZEE000000092104
1853-03-06T13:0040.45-12.752462.61026.111.1VM8-24252.0030.30W2ZEER MOOI WEERBETROKKEN LUCHT000000092105
1853-03-07T13:0037.65-14.423369.31022.812.2VM8-24554.0030.20WNW-N5BUIIGE LUCHTBEWOLKTE LUCHT100000092106
1853-03-08T13:0035.20-17.05236.71022.812.8VM8-22455.0030.20N-NO4GOED WEER, LICHTE BUIEN100000092107
1853-03-09T13:0033.78-18.23222.61032.914.4VM8-23258.0030.50NO2MOOI WEERAFNEMENDE ZEE000000092108
1853-03-10T13:0032.87-18.73672.61026.816.7VM8-23262.0030.32O2000000092109
1853-03-11T13:0031.07-19.78696.71026.116.7MADERAZOTO18VM8-21462.0030.30O4000000092110
1853-03-12T13:0028.20-21.38249.31023.817.8VM8-21564.0030.23NOFRISSE PASSAATKOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092111
1853-03-13T14:0025.12-23.27259.31024.517.8VM8-20564.0030.25NOFRISSE PASSAATKOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092112
1853-03-14T14:0023.07-24.90256.71022.818.9VM8-20466.0030.20NOAFNEMENDE WIND, 4BETROKKEN LUCHT000000092113
1853-03-15T14:0020.77-25.63276.71022.819.4VM8-18467.0030.20NOAFNEMENDE WIND, 4BETROKKEN LUCHT000000092114
1853-03-16T14:0018.52-26.40506.71014.320.0VM8-18468.0029.95ONO4GOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000092115
1853-03-17T14:0015.87-26.40739.31012.620.6VM8-17569.0029.90OONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 5000000092116
1853-03-18T14:0014.10-25.95736.71012.622.2VM8-17472.0029.90OONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 4000000092117
1853-03-19T14:0011.53-24.92519.31012.622.8VM8-17573.0029.90ONOONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 5000000092118
1853-03-20T14:008.07-23.55519.31012.624.4VM8-17576.0029.90ONO5GOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000092119
1853-03-21T14:005.78-23.13529.31012.624.4VM8-16576.0029.90ONO5GOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000092120
1853-03-22T13:003.80-21.67726.71012.625.6VM8-18478.0029.90OAFNEMENDE PASSAATKOELTE, 4000000092121
1853-03-23T13:002.30-21.60506.71012.627.2VM8-18481.0029.90ONO4WEERLICHT, ZWARE BUI WIND DONDERREGEN110010092122
1853-03-24T13:001.50-21.503624.61012.626.7VM8-18380.0029.90RONDLOPEND3000000092123
1853-03-25T13:001.23-21.653624.61012.627.2VM8-18381.0029.90RONDLOPEND3GESTADIGE REGENBUIEN110000092124
1853-03-26T13:001.70-20.623624.61012.626.7VM8-18380.0029.90RONDLOPEND3000000092125
1853-03-27T13:001.15-20.721010.927.2VM8-1881.0029.85000000092126
1853-03-28T13:000.43-21.301402.61012.627.2VM8GAVEN BRIEVEN MEE AAN ENGELS OORLOGS BRIK-18281.0029.90ZZO2000000092127
1853-03-29T14:00-0.32-22.501282.61012.626.7VM8-18280.0029.90ZOTZ2000000092128
1853-03-30T14:00-1.07-22.521204.61012.626.1VM8-15379.0029.90ZOONGESTADIGE WIND, 3BUIEN100000092129
1853-03-31T14:00-2.28-22.881432.61012.626.1VM8-15279.0029.90ZZO2BUIIG100000092130
1853-04-01T14:00-5.17-24.801319.31012.625.6VM8-15578.0029.90ZOTZFRISSE DOORKOMENDE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092131
1853-04-02T14:00-8.02-26.671329.31012.626.7VM8-14580.0029.90ZOTZFRISSE DOORKOMENDE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092132
1853-04-03T14:00-10.87-28.481359.31012.626.1VM8-11579.0029.90ZOTZSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092133
1853-04-04T14:00-13.87-29.081249.31012.626.7VM8-11580.0029.90ZOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092134
1853-04-05T14:00-16.97-29.751029.31012.926.7VM8-11580.0029.91OZOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092135
1853-04-06T14:00-18.72-29.701032.61014.626.7VM8-10280.0029.96OZOAFNEMENDE WIND, 2LICHTE BUIEN100000092136
1853-04-07T14:00-18.90-29.381701014.626.7VM8-1080.0029.96ZSTIL000000092137
1853-04-08T14:00-20.27-29.07801014.626.7TRINIDATVM8BEVONDEN VANAF DE LINIE PER DAG 1 MIJL STROOM OM DE OOST GEHAD TE HEBBEN-1080.0029.96OAANWAKKERENDE WIND000000092138
1853-04-09T14:00-22.28-28.60809.31012.626.1VM8-10579.0029.90O5000000092139
1853-04-10T14:00-24.33-27.82819.31012.626.7VM8-9580.0029.90O5000000092140
1853-04-11T14:00-25.43-27.43566.71012.626.7VM8-12480.0029.90ONO4000000092141
1853-04-12T14:00-26.88-26.93334.61014.027.2VM8-12381.0029.94NO3ZEER MOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT000000092142
1853-04-13T14:00-28.53-25.033279.31011.626.1VM8-11579.0029.87NNO-NNW5ZEER MOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT000000092143
1853-04-14T13:00-30.68-22.023249.31007.223.9VM8-14575.0029.74NNW5BEWOLKTE LUCHT000000092144
1853-04-15T13:00-31.30-20.172114.61010.923.3VM8-14374.0029.85NW-ZW3BUIIGE LUCHT100000092145
1853-04-16T13:00-32.80-18.47109.31016.724.4VM8-13576.0030.02O-NNO5BUIIGE LUCHT100000092146
1853-04-17T13:00-34.50-15.0079.31017.024.4VM8-16576.0030.03NNOFRISSE KOELTE, 5000000092147
1853-04-18T13:00-35.53-11.622964.61017.020.0VM8-19368.0030.03NW3AFNEMENDE EN BUIEN000000092148
1853-04-19T13:00-36.98-9.6320612.31016.018.3VM8-19665.0030.00NW-ZWUITSCHIETENDE WINDEN, 6000000092149
1853-04-20T12:00-36.90-5.202039.31018.417.8VM8-22564.0030.07ZW5DIKKE BUIIGE LUCHT100000092150
1853-04-21T12:00-37.55-2.202476.71021.715.6VM8-23460.0030.17ZW-WAFNEMEND VAN WIND, 4AFNEMEND VAN BUIENHOGE ZEE100000092151
1853-04-22T12:00-38.201.2533712.31019.416.1VM8-23661.0030.10WNW-NAFNEMEND VAN WIND, 6AFNEMEND VAN BUIENHOGE ZEE100000092152
1853-04-23T12:00-38.576.1335719.01005.815.0VM8-26859.0029.70N-NNOSTIJVE KOELTE, 8ZEER HOGE MOEILIJKE ZEE000000092153
1853-04-24T11:00-38.839.632879.3999.115.0VM8-28559.0029.50N-NWUITSCHIETENDE WIND AFNEMENDE, 5000000092154
1853-04-25T11:00-38.4711.0010722.61003.515.0VM8-28959.0029.63RONDGAANDE WIND, NO-ZOWIND AANWAKKERENDE TOT STORM, 9DONDER BLIKSEMHOGE ZEE000010092155
1853-04-26T11:00-37.2511.388519.01000.715.0VM8-28859.0029.55RONDGAANDE WIND, ZO-OZOWIND AANWAKKERENDE TOT STORM, 8DONDER BLIKSEMHOGE ZEE000010092156
1853-04-27T11:00-38.0713.051619.01000.715.0VM8-29859.0029.55RONDGAANDE WIND, O-NOWIND AANWAKKERENDE TOT STORM, 8DONDER BLIKSEMHOGE ZEE000010092157
1853-04-28T11:00-38.1815.872649.31004.115.0VM8-29559.0029.65NNO-WNWUITSCHIETENDE EN AFNEMENDE WIND, 5000000092158
1853-04-29T11:00-37.8719.5035312.31004.515.0VM8-30659.0029.66RONDLOPENDE WIND, WNW-NNOAFNEMENDE WIND, 6000000092159
1853-04-30T10:00-37.9223.752849.31002.416.1VM8-31561.0029.60NNO-NWHARDE WIND MET STORMVLAGEN, 5000000092160
1853-05-01T10:00-37.4027.382636.71007.516.7VM8-30462.0029.75WNW4ZEER ONGESTADIG VAN WIND ZWARE BUIEN100000092161
1853-05-02T10:00-38.2330.7030712.31012.618.9VM8-31666.0029.90NNW6ZEER ONGESTADIG VAN WIND ZWARE BUIEN100000092162
1853-05-03T10:00-38.2535.3032919.01008.520.6VM8-31869.0029.78N8HOGE ZEEDIKKE VERSTOPTE LUCHT000000092163
1853-05-04T09:00-38.2539.3219515.41007.218.3VM8-30765.0029.74N-ZW7HOGE ZEEDIKKE VERSTOPTE LUCHT000000092164
1853-05-05T09:00-37.3743.6819915.41013.313.3VM8-26756.0029.92ZW7GESTADIGE WINDWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000092165
1853-05-06T09:00-36.7544.68429.31016.016.7VM8-26562.0030.00ZO-ONO5GESTADIGE WINDWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000092166
1853-05-07T09:00-37.3848.03209.31007.517.8VM8-25564.0029.75NO5GOED WEER000000092167
1853-05-08T08:00-37.8852.731812.31000.719.4VM8-27667.0029.55NOONGESTADIGE WIND, 6000000092168
1853-05-09T08:00-38.0758.0019915.41007.513.9VM8-26757.0029.75N-ZWUITSCHIETENDE EN RONDGAANDE WINDEN, 70000000a trivial correction was made in this observation92169
1853-05-10T08:00-37.8258.873342.61012.614.4VM8-26258.0029.90ZW-NUITSCHIETENDE EN RONDGAANDE WINDEN, 2000000092170
1853-05-11T08:00-37.9561.383456.71009.215.6VM8-26460.0029.80NO-NTOUITSCHIETENDE EN RONDGAANDE WINDEN, 4000000092171
1853-05-12T08:00-37.9563.6520015.41005.813.3VM8-25756.0029.70NO-ZWUITSCHIETENDE EN RONDGAANDE WINDEN, 7000000092172
1853-05-13T08:00-36.8867.001389.31015.314.4VM8-20558.0029.98ZW-ZZO5000000092173
1853-05-14T07:00-35.3569.181166.71017.714.4VM8-19458.0030.05ZO4000000092174
1853-05-15T07:00-34.6571.471616.71016.014.4VM8-19458.0030.00OZO-Z4HOGE ZUIDELIJKE DIJNINGHELDERE LUCHT000000092175
1853-05-16T07:00-35.2573.682079.31016.014.4VM8-18558.0030.00OPKRIMPENDE, Z-ZWAANWAKKERENDE KOELTE, 5000000092176
1853-05-17T07:00-35.6275.772976.71017.315.6VM8-18460.0030.04OPKRIMPENDE, W-NWAANWAKKERENDE KOELTE, 4000000092177
1853-05-18T07:00-36.0778.2566.71016.016.1VM8-17461.0030.00RONDLOPENDE WINDEN, W-NNO4000000092178
1853-05-19T06:00-36.1782.5320922.61010.915.6VM8-16960.0029.85NO-ZW9ZEER ONGESTADIG UITSCHIETENDE WIND000000092179
1853-05-20T06:00-36.5086.1820930.91010.615.6VM8-161160.0029.84Z-ZWAANWAKKERENDE TOT STORM, 11HOGE ZEE000000092180
1853-05-21T06:00-35.5090.0316526.81019.48.9VM8-151048.0030.10ZW-ZAANHOUDENDE STORM, 10ZEER VERBOLGEN ZEE000000092181
1853-05-22T06:00-34.4892.601459.31026.112.2VM8-13554.0030.30ZZOAFNEMENDE TOT STILTE, 5000000092182
1853-05-23T06:00-33.6794.632579.31022.815.0VM8-13559.0030.20WAANWAKKERENDE KOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092183
1853-05-24T05:00-31.8398.542849.31019.415.0VM8-9559.0030.10WNWAANWAKKERENDE KOELTE, 5GOED WEER000000092184
1853-05-25T05:00-29.32101.5614912.31019.417.2VM8-9663.0030.10W-ZZOAANWAKKERENDE KOELTE, 6GOED WEER000000092185
1853-05-26T05:00-26.57104.0113015.41022.816.7VM8-5762.0030.20ZOSTIJVE BUIIGE PASSAATKOELTE, 7000000092186
1853-05-27T05:00-22.98105.0210819.01019.420.0VM8-5868.0030.10OZOSTIJVE BUIIGE PASSAATKOELTE, 8000000092187
1853-05-28T05:00-20.05105.048712.31019.420.6VM8-3669.0030.10OIETS AFNEMEND VAN WIND, 6IETS AFNEMEND VAN BUIEN100000092188
1853-05-29T05:00-16.52105.39899.31012.625.6VM8-1578.0029.90O5ZEER GOED WEER000000092189
1853-05-30T05:00-12.83105.081009.31010.628.9VM8-1584.0029.84OTZ5ZEER GOED WEER000000092190
1853-05-31T05:00-10.07104.77799.31009.229.4KERSMIS IJLAND. 05:00 HELDEREVM80585.0029.80O-OTN5000000092191
1853-06-01T05:00-6.88104.35916.71012.628.9JAVA HOOFDVM81484.0029.90O4000000092192
1853-06-02T05:00-6.85104.213626.71012.629.4VM8KRUISTE NAAR HET LAND1485.0029.90RONDLOPEND4000000092193
1853-06-03T05:00-6.48104.503624.61010.630.6VM8KOMEN DE VOLGENDE DAG IN STRAAT SUNDA1387.0029.84RONDLOPEND3BUIIG WEER TEGENWIND100000092194