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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during EUROPA cruise from Batavia to Brouwershaven started at 1852-08-04 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749251, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -3.292000 * Median Longitude: 13.320105 * South-bound Latitude: -35.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -37.050000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.750000 * East-bound Longitude: 107.000000
Date/Time Start: 1852-08-04T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-11-07T12:00:00
Event(s):
Europa_18520804_15+_REIS_16_P9-12 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.790000 * Longitude End: 3.690000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-08-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-11-07T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa, Voyage: Batavia - Brouwershaven, Other ship information: OPGAVE DER WINDEN IN HET JOURNAAL GEBEURT IN STREKEN VAN HET MISWIJZEND KOMPAS. DE WINDKRACHT WORDT IN CIJFERS AANGEDUID. DE WAARDE DER CIJFERS IS ALS VOLGT: 1. FLAUWE KOELtE, GENOEGZAAM OM STUUR IN HET SCHIP TE HEBBEN. 2, 3 EN 4. ZACHTE KOELtE, WAARMEDE EEN GOEDE SCHIP, MET ALLE ZEILEN BIJ, VAN 1 TOT 2, VAN 2 TOT 3 EN VAN 3 TOT 4 MIJLEN PER WACHT LOOPT. 5. BRAMZEILSKOELtE. 6. MARSZEILKOELtE. 7. GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELtE. 8. DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELtE. 9. DIGT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELtE. 10. ONDERZEILSKOELtE. 11. STORM. 12. ORKAAN. IN DE KOLOM DER WAARGENOMEN MISWIJZINGEN WENSCHT MEN ALLEEN DE AAN BOORD WAARGENOMEN AANGETEKEND TE VINDEN. EN NIET DIE WELKE MEN OP DE KAARTEN VINDEN KAN. VOOR DE HEER MAURIJ VOLGT MEN ENKELE TREKKEN EN MOET MEN VERMELDEN OF ZIJ DAARDOOR ER LANGER OF KORTER OVER DOEN.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7Temperature, airTTT°C
8Temperature, waterTemp°CSea surface temperature
9LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
10BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
11Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
12--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
14GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
15CommentCommentLife on board
16CommentCommentAny remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc.
17CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
18DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
19Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
20Compass, established errorCompass established e
21Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
22Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the sea surface thermometer
23Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
24Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
25Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
26Present weatherwwWeather description
27Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
28State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
29Cloud typeCloud type
30ClearnessClearness
31GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
32Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
33FogFog1 If fog was reported
34Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
35ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
36HailHail1 If hail was reported
37Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
38IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2007 data points

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