Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -3.292000 * Median Longitude: 13.320105 * South-bound Latitude: -35.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -37.050000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.750000 * East-bound Longitude: 107.000000

Date/Time Start: 1852-08-04T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-11-07T12:00:00

Event(s):

Europa_18520804_15+_REIS_16_P9-12 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.790000 * Longitude End: 3.690000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-08-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-11-07T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa, Voyage: Batavia - Brouwershaven, Other ship information: OPGAVE DER WINDEN IN HET JOURNAAL GEBEURT IN STREKEN VAN HET MISWIJZEND KOMPAS. DE WINDKRACHT WORDT IN CIJFERS AANGEDUID. DE WAARDE DER CIJFERS IS ALS VOLGT: 1. FLAUWE KOELtE, GENOEGZAAM OM STUUR IN HET SCHIP TE HEBBEN. 2, 3 EN 4. ZACHTE KOELtE, WAARMEDE EEN GOEDE SCHIP, MET ALLE ZEILEN BIJ, VAN 1 TOT 2, VAN 2 TOT 3 EN VAN 3 TOT 4 MIJLEN PER WACHT LOOPT. 5. BRAMZEILSKOELtE. 6. MARSZEILKOELtE. 7. GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELtE. 8. DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELtE. 9. DIGT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELtE. 10. ONDERZEILSKOELtE. 11. STORM. 12. ORKAAN. IN DE KOLOM DER WAARGENOMEN MISWIJZINGEN WENSCHT MEN ALLEEN DE AAN BOORD WAARGENOMEN AANGETEKEND TE VINDEN. EN NIET DIE WELKE MEN OP DE KAARTEN VINDEN KAN. VOOR DE HEER MAURIJ VOLGT MEN ENKELE TREKKEN EN MOET MEN VERMELDEN OF ZIJ DAARDOOR ER LANGER OF KORTER OVER DOEN.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Sea surface temperature
9	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
10	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
11	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
12	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
14	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
15	Comment	Comment		Life on board
16	Comment	Comment		Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc.
17	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
18	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
19	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
20	Compass, established error	Compass established e
21	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
22	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the sea surface thermometer
23	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
24	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
25	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
26	Present weather	ww		Weather description
27	Precipitation description	Precip descr
28	State of the sea description	State sea descr
29	Cloud type	Cloud type
30	Clearness	Clearness
31	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
32	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
33	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
34	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
35	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
36	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
37	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
38	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2007 data points

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