Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 39.886875 * Median Longitude: -56.240208 * South-bound Latitude: 24.670000 * West-bound Longitude: -80.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.250000 * East-bound Longitude: -12.170000

Date/Time Start: 1795-06-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1795-08-07T13:00:00

Event(s):

Europa_17950620_NMM_ADM/L/E148B * Latitude Start: 23.596000 * Longitude Start: -82.434000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1795-06-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1795-08-07T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Havannah - Spithead, 1st Observer: Thomas Surridge (Captain), 2nd Observer: Edward O'Brien (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1044BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15	Current speed description	V descr
16	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
17	Present weather	ww		Weather description
18	Precipitation description	Precip descr
19	State of the sea description	State sea descr
20	Clearness	Clearness
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Comment	Comment
29	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

935 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	15 V descr	16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	17 ww (Weather description)	18 Precip descr	19 State sea descr	20 Clearness	21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	22 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	23 Fog (1 If fog was reported)	28 Comment	29 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1795-06-20T00:00			180	2.6	HAVANNAH	S27W	17	1				S			LIGHT BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92631
1795-06-21T17:00	24.67	-80.16	362	2.6	CAPE KEYS	N69E	31		N33E	18.00	6	VARIABLE	EBN	1	LIGHT WINDS	VARIABLE				0	0	0		92632
1795-06-22T17:00	26.63	-79.63	29	1.0	CAPE CANNAVUAL	N8W	34		N24E	38.00	6	NNE			LIGHT WINDS, AM LIGHT AIRS	VARIABLE THEN CLEAR				0	0	0		92633
1795-06-23T17:00	27.78	-79.66	184	1.0	CAPE CANNAVUAL	N45W	17		N11E	24.00	4	S			FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, AM LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92634
1795-06-24T17:00	29.50	-79.30	184	1.0	BERMUDAS	N77E	275		N24E	37.00	4	NW, S			LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92635
1795-06-25T17:00	30.52	-78.38	274	6.7	BERMUDAS	N82E	263		N38E	25.00	4	W			MODERATE BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92636
1795-06-26T17:00	31.10	-77.37	317	6.7	BERMUDAS	N83E	234		N56E	28.00	2	NW			MODERATE				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92637
1795-06-27T17:00	31.43	-76.43	340		BERMUDAS	N84E	220		N63E	15.00	2	NNW			LIGHT BREEZES THEN SQUALLY		RAIN		CLOUDY	0	1	0		92638
1795-06-28T17:00	31.83	-75.90	340	2.6	BERMUDAS	N87E	204		N48E	13.00	2	NNW			LIGHT BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92639
1795-06-29T17:00	32.30	-75.20	115	6.7	CAPE FEAR	N59E	66		N44E	14.00	2	ESE			LIGHT BREEZES THEN MODERATE				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92640
1795-06-30T17:00	33.30	-74.49	315	1.0	CAPE HATTERAS	N40W	49		N37E	23.00	0	NW			LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92641
1795-07-01T17:00	34.17	-73.18	349	9.3	CORVO	N81E	690		N54E	26.00	0	NBW			FRESH BREEZES		RAIN		CLOUDY	0	1	0		92642
1795-07-02T17:00	34.62	-72.58	362	1.0	CORVO	N81E	674		N60W	18.00	0	VARIABLE			MODERATE BREEZES, LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY THEN CLEAR	0	0	0		92643
1795-07-03T17:00	34.57	-72.27	301	9.3	CORVO	N81E	645		S85E	12.00	-3	NWBW			FRESH BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	92644
1795-07-04T17:00	34.60	-72.13	346	2.6	ST MICHEAL	N80E	776		N86E	9.00	-3	NBW			MODERATE BREEZES, THEN LIGHT BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92645
1795-07-05T17:00	34.85	-71.95	267	6.7	BERMUDAS	S70E	133		N62E	10.00	-3	W			MODERATE BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92646
1795-07-06T17:00	35.10	-71.38	267	2.6	CORVO	N81:30E	617		N64E	13.00	-3	W			LIGHT BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92647
1795-07-07T17:00	36.03	-69.87	362	6.7	CORVO	N83E	600		N61E	35.00	-3	VARIABLE			MODERATE BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92648
1795-07-08T17:00	36.62	-68.16	245	9.3	CORVO	N83:46E	578		N67E	30.00	-3	WSW			STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY, THEN FRESH BREEZES		RAIN			0	1	0		92649
1795-07-09T16:00	36.65	-67.35	254	2.6	CORVO	N83E	560		N88E	17.00	-5	WBS			FRESH BREEZES THEN LIGHT BREEZES				CLOUDY THEN CLEAR	0	0	0		92650
1795-07-10T16:00	36.78	-67.30	265	6.7	CORVO	N84E	551		N53E	5.00	-5	W			MODERATE				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92651
1795-07-11T16:00	37.20	-65.90	175	6.7	CORVO	N84E	525		N72E	28.00	-5	S			MODERATE BREEZES				FAIR	0	0	0		92652
1795-07-12T16:00	37.87	-64.26	171	9.3	CORVO	N85E	486		N67E	35.00	-9	S			FRESH BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92653
1795-07-13T16:00	38.15	-63.69	194	9.3	CORVO	N85:46E	474		N67E	15.00	-9	SSW			FRESH BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92654
1795-07-14T16:00	38.65	-62.58	261	22.6	CORVO	N87E	450		N64E	22.00	-9	W			MODERATE BREEZES THEN STRONG GALES		RAIN		CLOUDY	0	1	0		92655
1795-07-15T16:00	40.18	-60.26	157	19.0	CORVO	S89E	406		N53E	45.00	-12	SBE			FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY		RAIN			0	1	0		92656
1795-07-16T16:00	40.30	-59.22	362	1.0	CAPE CLEAR	N71E	683		N74E	58.00	-12	VARIABLE			FRESH GALES THEN LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92657
1795-07-17T16:00	40.73	-58.46	303	1.0	CAPE CLEAR	N71:19E	671		N53E	44.00	-12	NW			LIGHT AIRS				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92658
1795-07-18T16:00	40.37	-58.23	269	19.0	CAPE CLEAR	N71E	650		N86E	91.00	-12	WBN			FRESH GALES		RAIN		CLOUDY	0	1	0		92659
1795-07-19T16:00	40.63	-57.32	234	6.7	CAPE CLEAR	N70E	638		N70E	49.00	-14	WSW			MODERATE BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92660
1795-07-20T16:00	41.33	-56.00	256	2.6	CAPE CLEAR	N71E	614		N57E	80.00	-14	W			FRESH BREEZES, THEN LIGHT BREEZES		RAIN		CLOUDY	0	1	0		92661
1795-07-21T16:00	42.00	-55.00	234	6.7	CAPE CLEAR	N71E	589		N55E	71.00	-14	WSW			MODERATE BREEZES		RAIN			0	1	0		92662
1795-07-22T15:00	43.35	-51.77	249	22.6	CAPE CLEAR	N72E	564		N54E	102.00	-21	W			FRESH BREEZES THEN STRONG GALES				HAZY	0	0	1		92663
1795-07-23T15:00	44.05	-50.00	362	22.6	CAPE CLEAR	N75E	555		N64E	100.00	-21	VARIABLE			STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY					0	0	0		92664
1795-07-24T15:00	44.83	-48.00	227	22.6	CAPE CLEAR	N76E	536		N64E	102.00	-21	WSW			FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, THEN STRONG GALES				LATER CLEAR	0	0	0		92665
1795-07-25T15:00	45.57	-45.65	248	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N76E	489		N67E	110.00	-22	W			FRESH BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92666
1795-07-26T15:00	46.23	-42.48	271	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N74E	449		N72E	132.00	-22	WNW			FRESH BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92667
1795-07-27T15:00	47.25	-39.98	248	12.3	CAPE CLEAR	N78E	420		N69E	117.00	-22	W			FRESH BREEZES, AM STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92668
1795-07-28T15:00	47.62	-38.17	220	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N78:21E	380		N75E	84.00	-28	WSW			FRESH BREEZES				HAZY	0	0	0		92669
1795-07-29T14:00	48.53	-35.07	253	6.7	CAPE CLEAR	N82E	340		N64E	127.00	-28	WBN			MODERATE BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92670
1795-07-30T14:00	49.22	-33.10	362	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N82E	308		N67E	103.00	-28	VARIABLE			FRESH BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92671
1795-07-31T14:00	49.95	-31.50	197	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N84E	270		N68E	113.00	-28	SW			FRESH BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92672
1795-08-01T14:00	50.72	-28.00	242	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N87E	235		N76E	145.00	-28	W			FRESH BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92673
1795-08-02T14:00	50.97	-24.67	209	22.6	CAPE CLEAR	N87E	180		N85E	144.00	-27	SWBW			FRESH BREEZES, THEN STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY				HAZY	0	0	0		92674
1795-08-03T14:00	51.12	-22.57	288	19.0	CAPE CLEAR	N88E	150		N84E	80.00	-27	NW			FRESH GALES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92675
1795-08-04T13:00	51.25	-20.63	221	6.7	CAPE CLEAR	N89:27E	126		N83E	74.00	-27	WSW			MODERATE BREEZES				CLOUDY	0	0	0		92676
1795-08-05T13:00	51.13	-17.33	210	9.3	CAPE CLEAR	N87:25E	88		S86E	114.00	-26	SWBW			FRESH BREEZES				CLEAR	0	0	0		92677
1795-08-06T13:00	51.15	-14.83	289	19.0	CAPE CLEAR	N86E	53		E	106.00	-26	NW			FRESH BREEZES, THEN FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY		SQUALLS OF RAIN	HEAVY SEA		1	1	0		92678
1795-08-07T13:00	51.17	-12.17	256	6.7	CAPE CLEAR	N78E	23		N89E	92.00	-25	WBN			STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, AM MORE MODERATE					0	0	0		92679