García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during EUROPA cruise from Port Royal to Spithead started at 1789-07-21 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749244, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 42.079697 * Median Longitude: -49.990909 * South-bound Latitude: 25.980000 * West-bound Longitude: -79.910000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.570000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.450000
Date/Time Start: 1789-07-21T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-08-22T12:00:00
Event(s):
Europa_17890721_NMM_ADM/L/E155 * Latitude Start: 17.870000 * Longitude Start: -76.830000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1789-07-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-08-22T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Port Royal, Jamaica - Spithead, 1st Observer: James Vashon (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1044BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 15 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 16 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 17 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 18 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 19 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 20 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 21 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 22 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 23 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
630 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 Precip descr | 15 Clearness | 16 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 17 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 18 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 19 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 20 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 21 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 22 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 23 Comment | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1789-07-21T17:00 | 25.98 | -79.75 | 140 | 6.7 | FLORIDA SHORE | N | 6 | NNE | 5 | EBN, ESE, SE, SSE, SE | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92680 | |||
| 1789-07-22T17:00 | 28.59 | -79.91 | 139 | NBE | 168.00 | 4 | ESE, SSW, WBS, SE | LIGHT AIRS, MODERATE THEN SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | FAIR THEN CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92681 | |||||
| 1789-07-23T17:00 | 31.20 | -78.93 | 38 | 6.7 | CAPE HATTERAS | N33E | 89 | N28E | 165.00 | 4 | SSW, ESE, EBS, NEBN | LIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLY THEN MODERATE | RAIN | HAZY THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92682 | |
| 1789-07-24T17:00 | 32.97 | -75.43 | 113 | 6.7 | CAPE HATTERAS | N33E | 46 | N34E | 128.00 | 0 | E, EBS, ESE, E, EBS, ESE | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92683 | ||
| 1789-07-25T17:00 | 34.65 | -75.43 | 113 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N73:28E | 1075 | N46E | 145.00 | 0 | SE, SSE, SSW, WBS, ESE | LIGHT AIRS THEN MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92684 | ||
| 1789-07-26T17:00 | 35.95 | -72.87 | 236 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N74:E | 1020 | N58E | 148.00 | 0 | NNW, SWBW, NEBN, N, SWBW | MODERATE AND SQUALLY, THEN FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92685 | ||
| 1789-07-27T17:00 | 37.77 | -71.80 | 39 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N75:41E | 986 | N25E | 120.00 | -6 | NEBE, ENE, EBN, EBS, NE | FRESH BREEZES THEN MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92686 | ||
| 1789-07-28T17:00 | 39.47 | -70.50 | 95 | 22.6 | THE LIZARD | N77:12E | 948 | N31E | 118.00 | -6 | ESE, SEBE, EBS, ESE, EBS | LIGHT AIRS, AM STRONG GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92687 | ||
| 1789-07-29T17:00 | 39.65 | -69.92 | 95 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N77:10E | 939 | N84E | 27.00 | -6 | E, NEBE, ENE, EBN, EBS | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, AM FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92688 | ||
| 1789-07-30T17:00 | 40.13 | -69.37 | 50 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N77:44E | 924 | N34E | 45.00 | -6 | E, EBN, ENE, EBN, NEBE | FRESH BREEZES, THEN SQUALLY THEN MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92689 | ||
| 1789-07-31T17:00 | 40.66 | -68.48 | 73 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N77:55E | 909 | N66E | 44.00 | -6 | NEBE, EBN, E, ESE, SEBE, SE, EBN | FRESH BREEZES | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92690 | |
| 1789-08-01T16:00 | 41.18 | -65.93 | 126 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N78:19E | 866 | N68E | 168.00 | -9 | SSE, S, SW, SE | FRESH BREEZES, AM LITTLE WIND | RAIN | THICK HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92691 | |
| 1789-08-02T16:00 | 41.52 | -62.97 | 239 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N78:13E | 821 | N80E | 137.00 | -9 | W, WSW | MODERATE THEN FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92692 | ||
| 1789-08-03T16:00 | 41.90 | -60.80 | 282 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N77:54E | 788 | N79E | 99.00 | -11 | NW, WNW | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92693 | ||
| 1789-08-04T16:00 | 42.20 | -60.60 | 349 | 1.0 | THE LIZARD | N78:34E | 782 | N26E | 18.00 | -11 | NE, N | CALM THEN LIGHT AIRS | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92694 | ||
| 1789-08-05T16:00 | 42.55 | -58.62 | 7 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N78:34E | 751 | N80E | 90.00 | -17 | E, SBW, SW, W, WBS, NNE | LIGHT BREEZES THEN MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92695 | ||
| 1789-08-06T16:00 | 42.90 | -55.20 | 342 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N78E | 704 | N87E | 152.00 | -18 | SW, W, N | MODERATE BREEZES, THEN FRESH BREEZES | THICK FOG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92696 | ||
| 1789-08-07T15:00 | 43.25 | -51.48 | 251 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N77:27E | 652 | N85E | 163.00 | -19 | WBS, SBW, W | FRESH BREEZES | THICK FOG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92697 | ||
| 1789-08-08T15:00 | 43.60 | -47.58 | 240 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N77:55E | 607 | N71E | 135.00 | -19 | WBN, WBS | MODERATE BREEZES | THICK FOG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92698 | ||
| 1789-08-09T15:00 | 43.60 | -47.10 | 351 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N77:47E | 600 | E | 21.00 | -20 | ESE, SE, SW, NBE | LIGHT AIRS, CALM THEN LITTLE WIND | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92699 | ||
| 1789-08-10T15:00 | 44.13 | -46.15 | 228 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N77:7E | 570 | N73E | 98.00 | -20 | SSW, WBS, WNW, NBE, WSW | LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92700 | ||
| 1789-08-11T15:00 | 44.58 | -44.13 | 351 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N78:30E | 538 | N71E | 92.00 | -20 | NNE, SW, NBE | FRESH BREEZES THEN LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY THEN FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92701 | ||
| 1789-08-12T15:00 | 44.42 | -39.70 | 193 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N78:57E | 473 | N75E | 191.00 | -21 | SBW, SWBS | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 92702 | |
| 1789-08-13T14:00 | 45.95 | -35.10 | 203 | 12.3 | THE LIZARD | N78:40E | 406 | N81E | 200.00 | -22 | SWBS, SSW, SW | FRESH GALES THEN STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92703 | |
| 1789-08-14T14:00 | 47.33 | -31.80 | 237 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N80:29E | 363 | N72E | 53.00 | -22 | W, SBW, WBS | MODERATE BREEZES | THICK FOG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92704 | ||
| 1789-08-15T14:00 | 47.72 | -26.80 | 177 | 22.6 | THE LIZARD | N81:2E | 294 | N84E | 205.00 | -26 | SWBS, SSW | FRESH GALES THEN STRONG GALES | RAIN | THICK HAZY THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92705 | |
| 1789-08-16T13:00 | 48.80 | -21.88 | 177 | 22.6 | THE LIZARD | N83:29E | 219 | N73E | 206.00 | -26 | SBW, SSW | FRESH GALE THEN STRONG GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92706 | ||
| 1789-08-17T13:00 | 49.08 | -18.57 | 165 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N84:30E | 172 | N80E | 132.00 | -26 | S, SBW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92707 | ||
| 1789-08-18T13:00 | 49.57 | -15.73 | 155 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N86:56E | 144 | N71E | 88.00 | -25 | SBE, SSE, SEBS, S | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92708 | ||
| 1789-08-19T13:00 | 49.43 | -16.45 | 133 | 2.6 | THE LIZARD | N86:26E | 144 | S | 8.00 | -25 | SW, SSE | LIGHT AIRS THEN CALM, THEN LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 92709 | |
| 1789-08-20T13:00 | 49.50 | -14.32 | 245 | 9.3 | THE LIZARD | N83:24E | 117 | N81E | 84.00 | -25 | NW, NNW, NBE, W | LIGHT AIRS THEN FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92710 | ||
| 1789-08-21T13:00 | 48.97 | -10.95 | 133 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N75:12E | 77 | S83E | 132.00 | -25 | S, NBW, SSE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92711 | ||
| 1789-08-22T12:00 | 49.43 | -5.45 | 336 | 6.7 | THE LIZARD | N15E | 11 | N80E | 186.00 | -24 | WNW, N | MODERATE BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92712 |