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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ELEPHANT cruise from Madeira to Spithead started at 1812-11-26 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749195, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.878810 * Median Longitude: -23.543571 * South-bound Latitude: 23.770000 * West-bound Longitude: -39.580000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.500000 * East-bound Longitude: -3.480000
Date/Time Start: 1812-11-26T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1813-01-11T12:00:00
Event(s):
Elephant_18121126_NMM_AUS/4 * Latitude Start: 32.130000 * Longitude Start: -16.570000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1812-11-26T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1813-01-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Elephant (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madeira - Spithead, 1st Observer: Francis Austen (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 74G 1604BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
10 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
12 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
13 CommentCommentAny remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about any biological item
14 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
15 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
16 Compass, established errorCompass established e
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
18 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
20 Current speed descriptionV descr
21 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
22 Present weatherwwWeather description
23 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
24 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
25 ClearnessClearness
26 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
27 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
28 FogFog1 If fog was reported
29 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
30 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
31 HailHail1 If hail was reported
32 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
33 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1088 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
10 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
11 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
12 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
13 
Comment
(Any remark, found in the logb...)
14 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
15 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
16 
Compass established e
17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
18 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
19 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
20 
V descr
21 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
22 
ww
(Weather description)
23 
Precip descr
24 
State sea descr
25 
Clearness
26 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
27 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
28 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
29 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
30 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
31 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
32 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
33 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1812-11-26T13:0035.17-14.3320312.318.9PORTO SANCTOS38W56S17E79.00-2266.00SWBW, VARIABLE, SSW, SWBS, SWBW, SW, W1AM MODERATE 9AM FRESH BREEZES NOON STRONG BREEZES 8PM FRESH BREEZES MIDNIGHT MODERATENOON SQUALLY8PM RAIN8PM VERY CONFUSED SEA MIDNIGHT A CROSS SEAFINE MIDNIGHT CLOUDY010000088463
1812-11-27T13:0035.38-15.5318119.019.4PORTO SANCTOS35W59N5W13.00-2267.00SWBS, VARIABLE, SWBW, VARIABLE, SW, SSW, VARIABLE, WSW, WBS, W1PM FRESH BREEZES 1:40PM FRESH GALES 7AM MODERATE 10:30AM STRONG BREEZES NOON FRESH GALES 6PM FRESH BREEZESSQUALLY1:40AM HEAVY RAIN WITH THUNDER AND LIGHTNING 7AM RAINNOON A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NW AND A CROSS SEA FROM THE SOUTHWARDCLOUDY010010088464
1812-11-28T13:0035.05-13.782489.318.3PORTO SANCTOS49W58S21E34.00-2265.00WBS, WNW, VARIABLE, W, SW, SWBS, SWS12AM FRESH BREEZES PM MODERATENOON A HEAVY SWELL FROM THE SWAM CLOUDY NOON FINE MIDNIGHT CLOUDY000000088465
1812-11-29T13:0033.98-13.132036.719.4PORTO SANCTOS69W58S37E65.00-2267.00SW, SSW, VARIABLE, SW, SWBW, SW, VARIABLE, SWBSS11AM FRESH BREEZES NOON MODERATE MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZESSQUALLY3PM SHOWERS OF RAIN MIDNIGHT RAINGREAT SWELL FROM THE NWNOON FINE110000088466
1812-11-30T13:0033.85-14.232039.319.4PORTO SANCTOS64W40S82W59.00-2267.00SW, NW, VARIABLE, SWBS, SWBW, SW, WBS, W, VARIABLE, SSW, SBWS16E12FRESH BREEZES MIDNIGHT LIGHT WINDSAM SQUALLY1AM RAIN AT TIMESNOON CLOUDY MIDNIGHT FINE010000088467
1812-12-01T13:0032.83-15.6215812.320.0PORTO SANCTON78W14S50W95.00BAROMETER VERY HIGH BUT FALLING-2268.00SBW, S, SBW, SS38E231AM MODERATE 10AM FRESH BREEZES NOON STRONG BREEZES 10PM FRESH GALES MIDNIGHT STRONG GALESNOON SQUALLY 10PM SQUALLYAM FINE PM HAZY000000088468
1812-12-02T00:0032.832486.720.6PORTO SANCTONBE369.00S, SSW, WSW, VARIABLE, SW1AM STRONG GALES 3AM MORE MODERATE NOON MODERATE MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES1AM SQUALLYNOON HAZY MIDNIGHT FINE000000088469
1812-12-03T00:0032.702706.720.6MADEIRA, E-ENDN51W369.00WSW, SWBW, W, VARIABLEMODERATE8PM SQUALLY8PM RAINAM CLOUDY NOON FINE MIDNIGHT CLOUDY010000088470
1812-12-04T00:002366.721.1OFF FUNCHALMAG VAR 18W18W70.00WSW, SWBW, SWMODERATENOON SHOWERS OF RAINCLOUDY110000088471
1812-12-05T13:0032.02-16.571949.321.1SALVAGESS12E38S36E47.00MAG VAR 18W-2018W70.00SW, VARIABLE, SWBW, SWBS1AM MODERATE 3AM FRESH BREEZES PM FRESH BREEZESNOON A HEAVY HEAD SWELL MIDNIGHT A HEAVY SWELL FROM THE WESTWARDAM CLOUDY NOON FINE MIDNIGHT CLOUDY000000088472
1812-12-06T13:0031.90-17.3218312.321.1SALVAGESS31E41S79W39.00MAG VAR 18W-2018W70.00SWBS, SSW, SWBS, VARIABLE, SWBS, VARIABLE, SW, SWBS, SW, SWBW1AM FRESH BREEZES NOON STRONG BREEZES MIDNIGHT FRESH GALESMIDNIGHT SQUALLY8AM A HEAVY HEAD SEA MIDNIGHT A GREAT SEAAM CLOUDY NOON HAZY000000088473
1812-12-07T13:0031.90-17.002059.321.7SALVAGESS25E39E12.00MAG VAR 18W-2018W71.00WSW, SW, SWBS, SWBW, NWBW, WBS, WNWAM STRONG BREEZES NOON FRESH BREEZES 5PM STRONG BREEZES 8PM LIGHT WINDS MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZESSQUALLY10AM THUNDER, LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN NOON RAIN 5PM CONSTANT RAINNOON A HEAVY SEA 8PM HEAVY CONFUSED SEAMIDNIGHT CLOUDY010010088474
1812-12-08T13:0030.72-16.832502.620.0SALVAGESS49E17S14E73.00MAG VAR 18W-2018W68.00WNW, WAM MODERATE BREEZES NOON LIGHT BREEZES 7PM LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM1AM A GREAT SWELL FROM THE WESTWARD NOON TO MIDNIGHT A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NWAM FINE 7PM CLEAR000000088475
1812-12-09T13:0030.18-16.572950.0SALVAGESS85E8S22E35.00ATMOSPHERE VERY CLEAR. PEAK OF TENERIFFE 40 LEAGUES DISTANT BUT CONSIDRABLY ABOVE THE HORIZON AND MIGHT STILL HAVE BEEN SEEN AT LEAST 10 LEAGUES FARTHER OFF-20NW, W1AM LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM NOON CALM PM CALMSWELL FROM THE NWVERY CLEAR000000088476
1812-12-10T00:0030.002482.620.0PITON ROCKSS85E368.00SW, SWBW, WSW, VARIABLE, W1AM CALM 6AM LIGHT BREEZES 2PM MODERATE 7PM FRESH BREEZES MIDNIGHT MODERATECLEAR MIDNIGHT CLOUDY000000088477
1812-12-11T00:0028.423609.320.0TENERIFFEN30W TO S81W68.00W, VARIABLE, NE, N, VARIABLE, SBE, NNWAM MODERATE NOON FRESH BREEZES 5PM LIGHT BREEZES MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZES6AM SQUALLY6AM HEAVY RAINAM CLOUDY NOON FINE MIDNIGHT CLEAR010000088478
1812-12-12T13:0027.23-17.503531.020.0FLORESN42W334S52W79.00-1868.00NBW, N, NNW, NBE, NW, VARIABLE, NNW1AM FRESH BREEZES 5AM MODERATE NOON LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM MIDNIGHT MODERATESWELL FROM THE NW1AM CLEAR 5AM FINE PM FINE000000088479
1812-12-13T13:0025.15-18.752976.721.1FLORESN35W354S28W141.00MAG VAR 19W-1819W70.00W, WNW, NW, NWBN, NW, VARIABLE, NWBN, NNW, NBW, N, NBEMODERATEFINE000000088480
1812-12-14T13:0024.43-21.6856.721.1FLORESN27W341S74W159.00MAG VAR 19W-1819W70.00NBE, NNE, NEMODERATE MIDNIGHT LIGHT WINDS1AM SWELL FROM THE NNW NOON SWELL FROM THE NORTHWARDFINE000000088481
1812-12-15T14:0024.23-23.63281.021.1FLORESN22W331S83W97.00MAG VAR 19W-1719W70.00NNE, NE, NBE1AM LIGHT BREEZES NOON LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM 3PM CALM 6PM LIGHT VARIABLE AIRS MIDNIGHT LIGHT VARIABLE BREEZESSWELL FROM THE NORTHWARDFINE000000088482
1812-12-16T14:0023.92-24.63731.021.7FLORESN19W331S68W50.00MAG VAR 18W-1718W71.00NBE, VARIABLE, E, NEBN1AM LIGHT UNSTEADY AIRS 4AM LIGHT BREEZES NOON LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM MIDNIGHT LIGHT BREEZESFINE MIDNIGHT CLOUDY000000088483
1812-12-17T14:0023.77-26.08171.022.2FLORESN14W327S84W86.00MAG VAR 17W-1717W72.00NNE, VARIABLE, NEBN, NEAM MODERATE NOON LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM 7PM MODERATE3PM LIGHT SHOWERS OF RAINHEAVY SWELL FROM THE NNWAM FINE 7PM CLOUDY MIDNIGHT CLEAR110000088484
1812-12-18T14:0023.98-27.62531.022.8FLORESN10W317N81W86.00MAG VAR 16W-1516W73.00NE, ENE, SENO CURRENT1AM LIGHT BREEZES 9AM LIGHT AIRS NOON LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALM 8PM CALM 10PM LIGHT BREEZES MIDNIGHT LIGHT AIRSNOON SULTRYVERY HEAVY LONG SWELL FROM THE NNWFINE MIDNIGHT CLEAR000000088485
1812-12-19T14:0024.22-28.302336.723.3FLORESN8W310N67W36.00MAG VAR 16W-1516W74.00W, SWBW, WBS, WNW, WSW, WBN, NW, VARIABLE1AM CALM 6AM LIGHT AIRS NOON MODERATE MIDNIGHT LIGHT AIRSGREAT SWELL FROM THE NNWAM CLEAR NOON FINE MIDNIGHT CLOUDY000000088486
1812-12-20T14:0024.83-28.483456.722.2FLORESN7W297N33W44.00MAG VAR 15W-1515W72.00W, WBN, VARIABLE, N, NBE, NNE, NEBN1AM CALM 4AM LIGHT VARIABLE AIRS 8:30AM CALM 9AM MODERATE 8PM FRESH BREEZES8AM SQUALLY 6PM SQUALLY8AM RAIN 9AM HEAVY RAIN 2PM SMALL RAIN 6PM RAINHEAVY SWELL FROM THE NNWAM CLOUDY NOON HAZY 2PM FOGGY 8PM CLOUDY011000088487
1812-12-21T14:0025.25-31.77309.321.1FLORESN2E287N82W174.00MAG VAR 14W-1514W70.00NEBN, NE, NEBEFRESH BREEZESSWELL FROM THE NNWAM CLOUDY NOON CLEAR MIDNIGHT FINE000000088488
1812-12-22T14:0026.53-35.071229.320.6FLORESN14E269N66W195.00RATHER MORE GULF WEED SEEN TODAYMAG VAR 14W ERROR IN COMPASS 1/2 POINT TO W-1314W69.00NEBE, E, SE, ESE, SEBE, SEBSAM FRESH BREEZES PM MODERATENOON SMALL RAINAM FINE PM CLOUDY010000088489
1812-12-23T14:0028.20-37.421656.720.6FLORESN25E251N56W162.00GULF WEED SEENMAG VAR 13W-1513W69.00SSW, SEBE, S, VARIABLE, SSEAM MODERATE PM FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY000000088490
1812-12-24T15:0031.62-37.751909.320.6FLORESN33E191N205.00NOT SO MUCH GULF WEEDMAG VAR 12W-1312W69.00SSE, SBE, SSW, SEBSFRESH BREEZES MIDNIGHT MODERATESWELL FROM THE NWCLOUDY MIDNIGHT HAZY000000088491
1812-12-25T15:0034.17-38.021756.720.6FLORESN46E156N1E154.00A LITTLE OF THE GULF WEED SEEN TODAYMAG VAR 12.30W-1612:30W69.00SSE, SBW, SSW, SBEAM MODERATE PM LIGHT BREEZESVERY HEAVY SWELL FROM THE NWAM FINE PM CLEAR000000088492
1812-12-26T15:0035.27-38.281422.620.0FLORESN58E144N1E66.00A FEW PIECES OF GULF WEED SEEN TODAYMAG VAR 14W-1614W68.00SSE, ESEAM LIGHT BREEZES 8PM MODERATEHEAVY SWELL FROM THE NW CAUSING THE SHIP TO ROLL VERY DEEPFINE000000088493
1812-12-27T15:0037.57-37.981386.718.9FLORESN70E122N5E138.00A LITTLE OF THE GULF WEED SEEN THIS DAY-2066.00SSE, SBEMODERATE MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZESFINE MIDNIGHT CLEAR000000088494
1812-12-28T15:0038.35-39.581499.318.3FLORESN83E132N38W98.00-2065.00SBE, SFRESH BREEZESSQUALLYNOON SHOWERS OF RAINCLEAR MIDNIGHT CLOUDY110000088495
1812-12-29T14:0040.43-36.951826.717.2CORVOS81E91N54E163.00-2163.00S, SSW, SW, SAM FRESH BREEZES NOON MODERATE MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZESMIDNIGHT DRIZZLING RAINAM CLOUDY NOON FINE MIDNIGHT HAZY010000088496
1812-12-30T14:0042.30-33.401939.315.6CORVOS42E70N47E167.00-2160.00S, SSW, SW, SW1/2W, SWBS, SWAM FRESH BREEZES 8PM MODERATE MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY AND HAZY000000088497
1812-12-31T14:0041.87-30.7818112.315.0CORVOS10E43S77E119.00-2259.00SW, SWBS, SSW, SW1AM FRESH BREEZES 8:30AM STRONG BREEZE PM STRONG BREEZES8PM DRIZZLING RAINCLOUDY010000088498
1813-01-01T14:0043.33-29.7523312.315.6CORVOS15W75N45E124.00-2660.00SWBW, WSW, W, WBN, W, WBS, VARIABLE, SW, SSW, SBWAM STRONG BREEZES PM FRESH BREEZESAM SQUALLY MIDNIGHT SQUALLYAM OCCASIONAL SHOWERSNOON CLOUDY100000088499
1813-01-02T14:0043.63-29.202446.715.0CORVOS20W83N54E31.00-2659.00S, SBE, SSE, SSW, W, WSW, WBN, W, SWBW1AM FRESH BREEZES 2AM THE WIND INCREASING 6AM STRONG GALES NOON MODERATE 6PM LIGHT BREEZES MIDNIGHT LIGHT AIRSAM SQUALLY6PM SMALL RAINVERY GREAT SEA FROM THE SOUTHWARDNOON CLOUDY PM HAZY010000088500
1813-01-03T14:0043.17-28.922441.014.4CORVOS25W76S22E30.00-2658.00WBS, WNW, W, WBN, WNW1AM LIGHT VARIABLE AIRS PM MODERATEHEAVY SWELL FROMM THE WESTWARDFINE000000088501
1813-01-04T14:0044.22-26.922896.7ST AGNES, SCILLYN67E302N53E105.00-26WNW, WBN, NW, SW, WSW1AM MODERATE 7AM FRESH BREEZES NOON MODERATE MIDNIGHT FRESH BREEZESAM FINE PM CLOUDY000000088502
1813-01-05T14:0044.62-22.732449.315.6ST AGNESN66E267N80E144.00-2660.00WSW, SWBW, W, WSWFRESH BREEZES MIDNIGHT STRONG BREEZESMIDNIGHT SQUALLYMIDNIGHT DRIZZLING RAINAM CLOUDY NOON HAZY010000088503
1813-01-06T13:0045.32-18.9227812.315.6ST AGNESN61E192N78E212.00-2660.00SWBW, VARIABLE, NWBW, NNW, WNWAM STRONG BREEZES PM MODERATE1AM SQUALLY8AM DRIZZLING RAINGREAT SWELL FROM THE WESTWARDAM HAZY NOON CLOUDY MIDNIGHT FINE010000088504
1813-01-07T13:0045.30-15.4019912.315.0ST AGNESN56E164E103.00-2659.00WNW, SW, SSW, W, WSW, WNW1AM MODERATE 3AM FRESH BREEZES 8AM STRONG BREEZES PM STRONG BREEZESMIDNIGHT SQUALLY8AM DRIZZLING RAIN MIDNIGHT RAIN1AM FINE 3AM CLOUDY 8AM HAZY PM THICK WEATHER AN010000088505
1813-01-08T13:0045.07-11.7530119.012.2USHANTN53E114S86E194.00-2554.00WNW, NW, NWBN, NNW, NWBNAM STRONG BREEZES NOON FRESH GALES MIDNIGHT STRONG BREEZES1AM SQUALLY 5AM HARD SQUALLS NOON SQUALLY 12:30PM VERY HARD SQUALLS MIDNIGHT SQUALLY5AM RAIN NOON HAIL AND RAIN AT TIMES010001088506
1813-01-09T13:0046.40-9.553359.311.7USHANTN55E73N51E125.00-2553.00NWBN, NNW, N, NBW, NNWAM STRONG BREEZES NOON FRESH BREEZES 1:30PM MORE MODERATE MIDNIGHT STRONG BREEZESSQUALLYMIDNIGHT SHOWERS OF RAINGREAT SEA110000088507
1813-01-10T13:0048.05-7.633116.711.7USHANTN76E35N40E130.00-2753.00NWBN, NNW, NBW, NNW, NW, WNW, SW, SSWAM STRONG BREEZES NOON MODERATE MIDNIGHT STRONG BREEZESSQUALLY1AM SHOWERS OF RAIN MIDNIGHT RAINNOON CLOUDY110000088508
1813-01-11T12:0049.50-3.4832322.611.1THE STARTN24E161N53E146.00-2652.00SW, WNW, NW, NBW, N, NBE, SE, NBEAM FRESH GALES NOON STRONG GALES 6PM FRESH BREEZES MIDNIGHT MODERATE1AM SQUALLYNOON RAINNOON DARK WEATHER PM CLOUDY010000088509