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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during El Grimaldi cruise from Montevideo to La Coruña started at 1777-10-09 [dataset]. Archivo General de Indias, Seville, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748992, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 6.079474 * Median Longitude: -28.420921 * South-bound Latitude: -35.870000 * West-bound Longitude: -54.530000 * North-bound Latitude: 43.430000 * East-bound Longitude: -10.320000
Date/Time Start: 1777-10-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-12-26T00:00:00
Event(s):
El_Grimaldi_17771009_CORREOS_192B_R11 * Latitude Start: -35.970000 * Longitude Start: -55.650000 * Latitude End: 43.360000 * Longitude End: -8.360000 * Date/Time Start: 1777-10-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-12-26T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: El Grimaldi (Paquebot), Voyage: Montevideo - La Coruña, 1st Observer: Francisco de Llanos (Capitan)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
12 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
13 Present weatherwwWeather description
14 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
15 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
16 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
17 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
18 FogFog1 If fog was reported
19 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
20 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
21 HailHail1 If hail was reported
22 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
23 CommentComment
24 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1195 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

Landmark

Bearing

-

Distance [arbitrary units]
10 
Decl [deg]
11 
Wind dir descr
12 
Wind force descr
13 
ww
14 
Precip descr
15 
State sea descr
16 
Gusts
17 
Rain
18 
Fog
19 
Snow
20 
Thunder
21 
Hail
22 
Sea ice
23 
Comment
24 
ID
1777-10-09T00:003604.61NFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075335
1777-10-10T16:00-35.87-54.53154.659.0015NFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075336
1777-10-11T15:00-35.68-51.675912.3140.0014NEFRESCOCLAROS VENTOSO AL AMANECERPICADA000000075337
1777-10-12T15:00-35.00-48.3026212.3167.0014OSOFRESCOACHUBASCADOS CHUBASCOSGRUESA000000075338
1777-10-13T15:00-34.67-47.002376.769.0012SOBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075339
1777-10-14T15:00-33.83-46.421446.739.0012SE 1/4 EBONANCIBLE000000075340
1777-10-15T15:00-32.83-43.9715012.3135.0012SE 1/4 SFRESCOPICADA000000075341
1777-10-16T15:00-32.32-43.082582.650.0010OSOCALMOSOSPICADA000000075342
1777-10-17T15:00-31.83-42.301662.642.008SSECALMOSOSPICADA0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation75343
1777-10-18T15:00-31.28-39.633016.7144.008ONOBONANCIBLE000000075344
1777-10-19T14:00-30.05-36.8223112.3159.006SOFRESCOPICADA000000075345
1777-10-20T14:00-29.00-34.782316.7120.006SOBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075346
1777-10-21T14:00-27.87-33.471416.793.006SEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075347
1777-10-22T14:00-26.88-32.341606.786.002SSEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075348
1777-10-23T14:00-25.62-31.221604.679.002SSEFLOJOPICADA000000075349
1777-10-24T14:00-24.28-29.831604.6106.002SSEFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075350
1777-10-25T14:00-23.25-29.681824.62SFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075351
1777-10-26T14:00-22.22-29.53902.980.000EMUY FLOJOAPACIBLE000000075352
1777-10-27T14:00-21.98-29.27459.322.000NEFRESQUITOLLUVIAS CONTINUASPICADA010000075353
1777-10-28T14:00-21.67-28.1035712.367.000N 1/4 NOFRESCOPICADA000000075354
1777-10-29T14:00-21.42-26.9235512.368.00-2N 1/4 NOFRESCOLLUVIAS CONTINUASPICADA010000075355
1777-10-30T14:00-20.93-26.23669.348.00-2ENEFRESQUITOLLUVIAS CONTINUASPICADA010000075356
1777-10-31T14:00-19.97-25.923134.650.00-2NOFLOJOPICADA000000075357
1777-11-01T14:00-19.22-25.633104.648.00-2NO 1/4 OFLOJOPICADA000000075358
1777-11-02T14:00-18.47-25.931562.642.00-2SSECALMOSOSPICADA000000075359
1777-11-03T14:00-16.67-26.73429.3118.00-3NEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075360
1777-11-04T14:00-14.90-26.85659.3106.00-3ENEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075361
1777-11-05T14:00-12.65-26.538712.3141.00-3EFRESCOPICADA000000075362
1777-11-06T14:00-10.33-26.128912.3144.00-4E 1/4 SEFRESCOPARDOS ACHUBASCADOS AL AMANECERPICADA000000075363
1777-11-07T14:00-7.67-25.5710912.3161.00-4ESEFRESCOPICADA000000075364
1777-11-08T14:00-5.23-25.1010812.3148.00-5ESEFRESCOPICADA000000075365
1777-11-09T14:00-2.50-24.571079.3165.00-6ESEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075366
1777-11-10T14:00-0.02-24.001079.3150.00-6ESEFRESQUITOAPACIBLE000000075367
1777-11-11T14:002.20-23.531076.7132.00-6ESEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075368
1777-11-12T14:004.17-23.251066.7118.00-7ESEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075369
1777-11-13T14:005.25-23.4712860.00-7SEVARIABLECHUBASCOS, LLUVIASAPACIBLE010000075370
1777-11-14T14:006.25-23.7312862.00-7SEVARIABLEAPACIBLE000000075371
1777-11-15T14:007.37-23.981064.663.00-7ESEFLOJOATURBONADOS CHUBASCOSPICADA000000075372
1777-11-16T14:008.33-24.181054.637.00-8ESEFLOJOGRANDES LLUVIAS, RELÁMPAGOS, TRUENOSPICADA010010075373
1777-11-17T14:009.30-25.32604.670.00-8ENEFLOJOACHUBASCADOS TRUENOS Y RELÁMPAGOSPICADA000010075374
1777-11-18T14:0010.82-25.85609.395.00-8ENEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075375
1777-11-19T14:0012.13-26.381056.779.00-8ESEBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075376
1777-11-20T14:0013.60-26.82584.692.00-10ENEFLOJOPICADA000000075377
1777-11-21T14:0014.83-27.37586.782.00-10ENEBONANCIBLEATURBONADOS RELÁMPAGOSPICADA000000075378
1777-11-22T14:0016.47-27.95616.797.00-7ENEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075379
1777-11-23T14:0017.95-28.37596.787.00-9ENEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075380
1777-11-24T14:0019.50-28.45816.789.00-9EBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075381
1777-11-25T14:0020.95-28.481264.687.00-9SEFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075382
1777-11-26T14:0022.22-28.521744.670.00-9S 1/4 SOFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075383
1777-11-27T14:0024.03-28.251934.6108.00-10SSOFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075384
1777-11-28T14:0026.25-27.921709.3134.00-10SFRESQUITOPARDOS TURBONADA CON RELÁMPAGOS Y TRUENOS CONTINUOSPICADA000010075385
1777-11-29T14:0027.78-27.6819112.3102.00-12SSOFRESCOATURBONADOS RELÁMPAGOSPICADA000000075386
1777-11-30T14:0028.75-26.821669.374.00-14SFRESQUITODE MAL CARIZ VIENTO MUY FUERTEPICADA000000075387
1777-12-01T14:0029.93-25.7321112.371.00-14SOFRESCOGRUESA000000075388
1777-12-02T14:0031.60-25.6711812.3103.00-14SE 1/4 EFRESCOPICADA000000075389
1777-12-03T14:0032.97-26.13719.3101.00-16E 1/4 NEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075390
1777-12-04T14:0033.98-26.95529.374.00-16ENEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075391
1777-12-05T14:0034.32-27.25264.629.00-16NE 1/4 NOFLOJOPICADA000000075392
1777-12-06T14:0034.47-25.5576.785.00-16NNEBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075393
1777-12-07T14:0034.33-23.9279.381.00-16NNEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075394
1777-12-08T14:0033.90-22.63712.367.00-16NNEFRESCOGRUESA000000075395
1777-12-09T13:0033.60-21.8334312.347.00-17N 1/4 NFRESCOGRUESA000000075396
1777-12-10T14:0034.85-23.225212.385.00-16ENEFRESCOGRUESA000000075397
1777-12-11T14:0036.07-24.675212.399.00-16ENEFRESCOPICADA000000075398
1777-12-12T14:0036.63-25.822912.365.00-16NEFRESCOPICADA000000075399
1777-12-13T14:0036.72-25.05269.373.00-16NE 1/4 NFRESQUITOPICADA000000075400
1777-12-14T14:0037.17-24.872992.621.00-16NOCALMOSOSPICADA000000075401
1777-12-15T14:0038.38-25.62724.673.00-18EFLOJOGRUESA000000075402
1777-12-16T14:0039.12-26.43506.757.00-18ENEBONANCIBLEGRUESA000000075403
1777-12-17T14:0039.87-27.08304.653.00-18NE 1/4 EFLOJOPICADA000000075404
1777-12-18T14:0040.50-27.18696.737.00-18E 1/4 NEBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075405
1777-12-19T14:0040.80-24.971854.6102.00-18SSOFLOJOPICADA000000075406
1777-12-20T14:0041.02-22.802079.399.00-18SOFRESQUITOGRUESA000000075407
1777-12-21T13:0041.45-20.802964.693.00-19NOFLOJOGRUESA000000075408
1777-12-22T13:0042.17-17.522749.3150.00-19ONOFRESQUITOPICADA000000075409
1777-12-23T13:0042.72-13.6227212.3176.00-21ONOFRESCOGRUESA000000075410
1777-12-24T13:0043.43-10.3229412.3155.00-21NOFRESCOGRUESA000000075411
1777-12-25T00:0033812.3ISLA DE ZEZARGAESENNOFRESCOLLUVIASGRUESA010000075412
1777-12-26T00:003389.31NNOFRESQUITOLLUVIASGRUESA010000075413