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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during El Grimaldi cruise from La Coruña to Montevideo started at 1777-04-20 [dataset]. Archivo General de Indias, Seville, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748991, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -6.182471 * Median Longitude: -30.212353 * South-bound Latitude: -36.730000 * West-bound Longitude: -56.210000 * North-bound Latitude: 44.980000 * East-bound Longitude: -10.650000
Date/Time Start: 1777-04-20T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-07-13T16:00:00
Event(s):
El_Grimaldi_17770420_CORREOS_192B_R11 * Latitude Start: 43.360000 * Longitude Start: -8.360000 * Latitude End: -35.970000 * Longitude End: -55.650000 * Date/Time Start: 1777-04-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-07-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: El Grimaldi (Paquebot), Voyage: La Coruña - Montevideo, 1st Observer: Francisco de Llanos (Capitan)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
10 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
11 Present weatherwwWeather description
12 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
13 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
14 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
15 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
16 FogFog1 If fog was reported
17 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
18 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
19 HailHail1 If hail was reported
20 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
21 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1287 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

-

Distance [arbitrary units]

Decl [deg]

Wind dir descr
10 
Wind force descr
11 
ww
12 
Precip descr
13 
State sea descr
14 
Gusts
15 
Rain
16 
Fog
17 
Snow
18 
Thunder
19 
Hail
20 
Sea ice
21 
ID
1777-04-20T13:0044.00-10.6520412.371.00-21SOFRESCOPARDOS VENTOSOPICADA000000075250
1777-04-21T13:0044.65-11.3720412.360.00-21SOFRESCOGRUESA000000075251
1777-04-22T13:0044.98-12.0022712.335.00-21OSOFRESCOPICADA000000075252
1777-04-23T13:0043.65-12.0024912.375.00-21OFRESCOPICADA000000075253
1777-04-24T13:0042.03-13.10714.6100.00-19EFLOJOPICADA000000075254
1777-04-25T13:0040.37-14.00719.398.00-19EFRESQUITOAPACIBLE000000075255
1777-04-26T13:0039.22-14.07499.358.00-19ENEFRESQUITOAPACIBLE000000075256
1777-04-27T13:0038.77-14.202544.628.00-19O 1/4 NOFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075257
1777-04-28T13:0038.25-14.752294.637.00-19OSOFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075258
1777-04-29T13:0036.58-15.0825212.397.00-18OFRESCOPICADA000000075259
1777-04-30T13:0034.55-14.552529.3121.00-18OFRESQUITOPICADA000000075260
1777-05-01T13:0032.93-15.5829712.3101.00-18NOFRESCOPICADA000000075261
1777-05-02T13:0031.57-16.322954.681.00-17NO 1/4 OFLOJOPICADA000000075262
1777-05-03T13:0029.57-17.272989.3117.00-17NOFRESQUITOPICADA000000075263
1777-05-04T13:0028.18-17.51306.7-16NEBONANCIBLE000000075264
1777-05-05T13:0026.08-17.923469.3118.00-14NFRESQUITOAPACIBLE000000075265
1777-05-06T13:0024.50-18.43314.694.00-14NEFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075266
1777-05-07T13:0022.37-19.12106.7128.00-13NNEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075267
1777-05-08T13:0019.92-19.75109.3151.00-13NNEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075268
1777-05-09T13:0018.43-19.72104.689.00-13NNEFLOJOPICADA000000075269
1777-05-10T13:0016.32-19.58116.7127.00-12NNEBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075270
1777-05-11T13:0014.22-19.353266.7107.00-12NNOBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075271
1777-05-12T13:0012.58-19.102556.794.00-12O 1/4 SOBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075272
1777-05-13T13:0011.32-19.633044.675.00-11NOFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075273
1777-05-14T13:009.80-19.77124.6105.00-11NNEFLOJOMAREJADA DE PROA000000075274
1777-05-15T13:007.87-20.183049.3117.00-11NOFRESQUITOAPACIBLE000000075275
1777-05-16T13:007.25-20.323282.632.00-10NNOCALMOSOSAPACIBLE000000075276
1777-05-17T13:006.22-20.47134.663.00-10NNEFLOJOPICADA000000075277
1777-05-18T13:005.15-20.72134.670.00-10NNEFLOJOPICADA000000075278
1777-05-19T13:004.50-21.651259.373.00-10SEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075279
1777-05-20T13:004.00-22.271706.742.00-10SBONANCIBLELLUVIAS POR LA NOCHEPICADA010000075280
1777-05-21T13:003.90-22.32132.6-10NNECALMOSOSPICADA000000075281
1777-05-22T13:003.77-22.332381.0-10OSOEN VENTOLINASPICADA000000075282
1777-05-23T14:002.67-22.881732.641.00-7SCALMOSOSAPACIBLE000000075283
1777-05-24T14:001.20-23.501329.389.00-6SE 1/4 SFRESQUITOPICADA000000075284
1777-05-25T14:000.67-24.171269.3108.00-6SE 1/4 EFRESQUITOPICADA000000075285
1777-05-26T14:00-2.57-24.701279.399.00-5SE 1/4 EFRESQUITONUBOSOS CHUBASCOSPICADA000000075286
1777-05-27T14:00-4.57-25.421279.3118.00-5SE 1/4 EFRESQUITOPICADA000000075287
1777-05-28T14:00-6.63-25.8312712.3128.00-5SE 1/4 EFRESCOAPACIBLE000000075288
1777-05-29T14:00-8.75-26.22899.3129.00-4E 1/4 SEFRESQUITOPICADA000000075289
1777-05-30T14:00-10.30-26.521096.797.00-4ESEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075290
1777-05-31T14:00-11.57-26.78864.673.00-4EFLOJOPICADA000000075291
1777-06-01T14:00-13.13-27.17876.798.00-3EBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075292
1777-06-02T14:00-14.55-27.50924.682.00-1E 1/4 SEFLOJOCHUBASCOSPICADA010000075293
1777-06-03T14:00-16.17-27.931124.698.00-1ESEFLOJOCHUBASCOSPICADA010000075294
1777-06-04T14:00-17.75-28.32909.398.000EFRESQUITOPICADA000000075295
1777-06-05T14:00-18.83-27.983604.663.000NFLOJOCHUBASCOS CONTINUOSAPACIBLE010000075296
1777-06-06T14:00-19.05-26.9318112.362.00-2S 1/4 SOFRESCOPICADA000000075297
1777-06-07T14:00-19.18-26.801819.372.00-2S 1/4 SOFRESQUITOGRUESA000000075298
1777-06-08T14:00-19.67-27.201562.641.00-2SSECALMOSOSGRUESA000000075299
1777-06-09T14:00-21.05-28.281359.3105.000SEFRESQUITOGRUESA000000075300
1777-06-10T14:00-22.33-31.571356.784.000SEBONANCIBLEPICADA000000075301
1777-06-11T14:00-22.37-32.482034.652.000SSOFLOJOAPACIBLE000000075302
1777-06-12T14:00-23.33-33.301814.680.004S 1/4 SEFLOJOPICADA000000075303
1777-06-13T14:00-24.88-34.171369.3108.004SE 1/4 EFRESQUITOPICADA000000075304
1777-06-14T14:00-26.80-35.13976.7123.004E 1/4 SEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075305
1777-06-15T14:00-28.17-36.33516.7106.006NEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075306
1777-06-16T15:00-29.62-37.8086.7116.008NBONANCIBLECHUBASCOS CONTINUOSAPACIBLE010000075307
1777-06-17T15:00-31.25-39.553016.7129.008ONOBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075308
1777-06-18T15:00-32.80-41.283259.3128.0010NOFRESQUITOMUCHAS LLUVIAS, TRUENOS Y RELÁMPAGOSAPACIBLE010010075309
1777-06-19T15:00-32.70-41.7218712.323.0010S 1/4 SEFRESCOGRUESA000000075310
1777-06-20T15:00-32.45-41.4518512.320.008S 1/4 SEFRESCOCHUBASCOS CONTINUOSGRUESA010000075311
1777-06-21T15:00-32.57-42.281939.342.0010S 1/4 SOFRESQUITOPICADA000000075312
1777-06-22T15:00-33.37-42.973279.360.0012NOFRESQUITOPICADA000010075313
1777-06-23T15:00-33.87-42.4823512.338.0010SOFRESCOATURBONADOS DE MAL SEMBLANTECHUBASCOS CONTINUOSGRUESA010000075314
1777-06-24T15:00-34.00-41.6723212.342.0010SO 1/4 SFRESCODE MAL CARIZ CON CHUBASCOS FUERTES Y CONTINUOSGRUESA000000075315
1777-06-25T15:00-35.00-41.7023212.350.0010SO 1/4 SFRESCOGRUESA000000075316
1777-06-26T15:00-35.63-41.6830312.339.0010ONOFRESCOGRUESA000000075317
1777-06-27T15:00-35.33-42.4323512.337.0010SOFRESCOGRUESA000000075318
1777-06-28T15:00-34.97-44.2319512.389.0012S 1/4 SOFRESCOPICADA000000075319
1777-06-29T15:00-35.18-47.3399.3153.0012N 1/4 NOFRESQUITOPICADA000000075320
1777-06-30T15:00-35.57-49.0735212.382.0014NNOFRESCOATURBONADOS VENTOSO AL AMANECERPICADA000000075321
1777-07-01T15:00-36.17-49.3335215.439.0014NNOFUERTEGRUESA000000075322
1777-07-02T15:00-36.00-50.281494.652.0014SEFLOJOMUCHAS AGUAS GRUESAS, CONTINUOS TRUENOS Y RELÁMPAGOSGRUESA010010075323
1777-07-03T15:00-36.73-50.853074.629.0014ONOFLOJOTURBONADA DE LLUVIAS, TRUENOS Y RELÁMPAGOS POR TODAS PARTESMAREJADA DEL NNO010010075324
1777-07-04T15:00-36.65-50.67591.070.0014NEEN VENTOLINASMUCHAS AGUAS GRUESAS, CONTINUOS TRUENOS Y RELÁMPAGOSPICADA010010075325
1777-07-05T15:00-35.77-51.282876.761.0014O 1/4 NOBONANCIBLELLUVIASPICADA010000075326
1777-07-06T15:00-35.30-51.283529.375.0014NNOFRESQUITOGRUESA000000075327
1777-07-07T15:00-35.13-51.2323612.341.0014SO 1/4 SFRESCOGRUESA000000075328
1777-07-08T16:00-34.90-52.5819212.368.0015S 1/4 SEFRESCOGRUESA000000075329
1777-07-09T16:00-34.85-52.852189.313.0015SSOFRESQUITOPICADA000000075330
1777-07-10T16:00-34.87-53.272189.321.0015SSOFRESQUITOAPACIBLE000000075331
1777-07-11T16:00-35.20-53.521952.619.0015SCALMOSOSAPACIBLE000000075332
1777-07-12T16:00-35.13-54.87606.715NEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075333
1777-07-13T16:00-34.89-56.21606.7115NEBONANCIBLEAPACIBLE000000075334