García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during El Grimaldi cruise from La Habana to La Coruña started at 1774-05-05 [dataset]. Archivo General de Indias, Seville, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748982, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 37.952432 * Median Longitude: -48.717838 * South-bound Latitude: 27.400000 * West-bound Longitude: -79.900000 * North-bound Latitude: 44.970000 * East-bound Longitude: -10.500000
Date/Time Start: 1774-05-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1774-06-15T07:00:00
Event(s):
El_Grimaldi_17740505_CORREOS_272A_R6 * Latitude Start: 23.200000 * Longitude Start: -81.400000 * Latitude End: 43.360000 * Longitude End: -8.360000 * Date/Time Start: 1774-05-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1774-06-15T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: El Grimaldi (Paquebote), Voyage: La Habana - La Coruña, 1st Observer: Capitan
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 7 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 8 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 9 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 10 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 11 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 12 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 13 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 14 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 15 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 16 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 17 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 18 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 19 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 20 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 21 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
656 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] | 5 ff [m/s] | 6 - | 7 Distance [arbitrary units] | 8 Decl [deg] | 9 Wind dir descr | 10 Wind force descr | 11 ww | 12 Precip descr | 13 State sea descr | 14 Gusts | 15 Rain | 16 Fog | 17 Snow | 18 Thunder | 19 Hail | 20 Sea ice | 21 ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1774-05-05T00:00 | 338 | 1 | NNO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76934 | |||||||||
| 1774-05-06T00:00 | 338 | 2.6 | NNO | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES PARDITOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76935 | ||||||
| 1774-05-07T00:00 | 45 | 2.6 | NE | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES ABRISADOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76936 | ||||||
| 1774-05-08T00:00 | 68 | 9.3 | ENE | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES PARDITOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76937 | ||||||
| 1774-05-09T00:00 | 45 | 9.3 | NE | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES PARDITOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76938 | ||||||
| 1774-05-10T11:00 | 27.40 | -79.30 | 51 | 2.6 | 25.00 | 6 | NE | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES PARDITOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76939 | ||
| 1774-05-11T11:00 | 29.12 | -79.90 | 229 | 2.6 | 79.00 | 4 | SO | CALMOSO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76940 | ||
| 1774-05-12T11:00 | 29.40 | -78.77 | 229 | 2.6 | 62.00 | 4 | SO | CALMOSO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76941 | ||
| 1774-05-13T11:00 | 29.71 | -77.72 | 252 | 2.6 | 57.00 | 4 | OSO | CALMOSO | HORIZONTES ATURBONADOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76942 | ||
| 1774-05-14T11:00 | 30.32 | -76.48 | 228 | 9.3 | 73.00 | 3 | SO | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS. TURBONADA A LAS 11 DE LA MAÑANA | MUY BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76943 | ||
| 1774-05-15T11:00 | 30.88 | -75.03 | 228 | 6.7 | 82.00 | 3 | SO | APACIBLE | HORIZONTES ATURBONADOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76944 | ||
| 1774-05-16T11:00 | 31.72 | -72.55 | 228 | 12.3 | 305.00 | 3 | SO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES AGUACERADOS Y ATURBONADOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76945 | ||
| 1774-05-17T11:00 | 31.88 | -71.12 | 24 | 6.7 | 75.00 | 1 | NNE | APACIBLE | HORIZONTES PARDOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76946 | ||
| 1774-05-18T11:00 | 32.17 | -70.90 | 69 | 2.6 | 15.00 | 1 | ENE | CALMOSO | HORIZONTES PARDITOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76947 | ||
| 1774-05-19T11:00 | 32.00 | -69.48 | 1 | 9.3 | 157.00 | 1 | N | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76948 | ||
| 1774-05-20T11:00 | 32.33 | -67.80 | 24 | 9.3 | 87.00 | 1 | NNE | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES CLAROS | ALGO PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76949 | ||
| 1774-05-21T10:00 | 32.32 | -66.70 | 360 | 2.6 | 56.00 | 0 | N | CALMOSO | HORIZONTES CLAROS | ALGO PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76950 | ||
| 1774-05-22T10:00 | 33.35 | -65.27 | 266 | 2.6 | 95.00 | -4 | O | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76951 | ||
| 1774-05-23T10:00 | 34.78 | -63.50 | 266 | 9.3 | 212.00 | -4 | O | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES ATURBONADOS CON TRUENOS Y RELAMPAGOS | PICADITA DEL NE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 76952 | ||
| 1774-05-24T10:00 | 35.38 | -61.53 | 220 | 2.6 | 102.00 | -5 | SO | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS. CONTINUAS AGUAS POR LA NOCHE | CONTINUA | BELLA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76953 | |
| 1774-05-25T10:00 | 35.87 | -60.10 | 265 | 2.6 | 176.00 | -5 | O | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES ATURBONADOS | PICADA DEL NO Y ENCONTRADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76954 | ||
| 1774-05-26T10:00 | 36.85 | -57.25 | 218 | 9.3 | 149.00 | -7 | SO | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS Y NUBLOSOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76955 | ||
| 1774-05-27T10:00 | 38.37 | -53.42 | 214 | 12.3 | 347.00 | -11 | SO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76956 | ||
| 1774-05-28T09:00 | 39.55 | -50.48 | 236 | 12.3 | 154.00 | -12 | OSO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76957 | ||
| 1774-05-29T09:00 | 40.02 | -49.65 | 78 | 4.6 | 59.00 | -12 | E | FLOJO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76958 | ||
| 1774-05-30T09:00 | 40.82 | -48.53 | 33 | 12.3 | 67.00 | -12 | NE | FRESCO | HORIZONTES CERRADOS | GRANDE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76959 | ||
| 1774-05-31T09:00 | 41.02 | -46.82 | 235 | 12.3 | 79.00 | -13 | OSO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | CRECIDA Y CONTRASTADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76960 | ||
| 1774-06-01T09:00 | 42.35 | -44.02 | 302 | 12.3 | 490.00 | -13 | NO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES AGUACERADOS | PICADA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76961 | ||
| 1774-06-02T09:00 | 43.55 | -40.23 | 207 | 12.3 | 185.00 | -18 | SO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76962 | |||
| 1774-06-03T08:00 | 43.63 | -35.88 | 206 | 12.3 | 193.00 | -19 | SO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES NUBLOSOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76963 | ||
| 1774-06-04T08:00 | 43.78 | -31.29 | 206 | 12.3 | 202.00 | -19 | SO | FRESCO | HORIZONTES NUBLOSOS | ALGO PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76964 | ||
| 1774-06-05T08:00 | 43.82 | -27.92 | 251 | 12.3 | 149.00 | -19 | O | FRESCO | HORIZONTES NUBLOSOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76965 | ||
| 1774-06-06T08:00 | 43.67 | -24.95 | 228 | 677.00 | -20 | OSO | HORIZONTES CERRADOS. NIEBLA MUY ESPESA | MUY ESPESA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76966 | ||||
| 1774-06-07T08:00 | 43.82 | -22.60 | 183 | 2.6 | 105.00 | -20 | SSO | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES CLAROS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76967 | ||
| 1774-06-08T07:00 | 43.97 | -21.40 | 138 | 2.6 | 56.00 | -20 | SSE | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76968 | ||
| 1774-06-09T07:00 | 44.60 | -20.23 | 138 | 2.6 | 66.00 | -20 | SSE | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOS Y OSCUROS | BELLA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76969 | ||
| 1774-06-10T07:00 | 44.78 | -19.42 | 93 | 2.6 | -20 | ESE | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | PICADA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76970 | |||
| 1774-06-11T07:00 | 44.97 | -18.61 | 340 | 2.6 | 51.00 | -20 | N | CALMOSO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76971 | ||
| 1774-06-12T07:00 | 44.55 | -16.37 | 2 | 2.6 | 101.00 | -21 | NNE | FLOJITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76972 | ||
| 1774-06-13T07:00 | 44.47 | -14.70 | 182 | 9.3 | 75.00 | -21 | SSO | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES PARDOS | BELLA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76973 | ||
| 1774-06-14T07:00 | 43.80 | -12.14 | 227 | 15.4 | 120.00 | -21 | OSO | MUY FRESCO | HORIZONTES OFUSCADOS Y AGUACERADOS | PICADA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76974 | ||
| 1774-06-15T07:00 | 43.22 | -10.50 | 227 | 9.3 | 81.00 | -21 | OSO | FRESQUITO | HORIZONTES NUBLOSOS | CRECIDA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 76975 |