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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during El Gallego cruise from La Coruña to La Habana started at 1778-07-04 [dataset]. Archivo General de Indias, Seville, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748920, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 25.644667 * Median Longitude: -44.953111 * South-bound Latitude: 18.130000 * West-bound Longitude: -80.870000 * North-bound Latitude: 44.050000 * East-bound Longitude: -9.720000
Date/Time Start: 1778-07-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-08-18T11:00:00
Event(s):
El_Gallego_17780704_CORREOS_272B_R6 * Latitude Start: 43.360000 * Longitude Start: -8.360000 * Latitude End: 23.200000 * Longitude End: -81.400000 * Date/Time Start: 1778-07-04T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-08-18T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: El Gallego (Paquebote), Voyage: La Coruña - La Habana, 1st Observer: Capitan
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
7 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
8 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
9 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
10 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
11 Present weatherwwWeather description
12 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
13 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
14 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
15 FogFog1 If fog was reported
16 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
17 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
18 HailHail1 If hail was reported
19 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
20 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
718 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]		5 
ff [m/s]		6 
-		7 
Distance [arbitrary units]		8 
Decl [deg]		9 
Wind dir descr		10 
Wind force descr		11 
ww		12 
State sea descr		13 
Gusts		14 
Rain		15 
Fog		16 
Snow		17 
Thunder		18 
Hail		19 
Sea ice		20 
ID
1778-07-04T00:001582.9SSEMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074877
1778-07-05T07:0043.57-9.722042.650.00-21SOCALMOSOCIELOS Y HORIZONTES MUY OSCUROS000000074878
1778-07-06T07:0044.05-10.102272.633.00-21OSOCALMOSOHORIZONTES CARGADOSPICADA000000074879
1778-07-07T07:0043.63-10.98472.9106.00-21ENEMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES UN POCO CARGADOSPICADA000000074880
1778-07-08T07:0041.37-13.77266.7177.00-19NEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074881
1778-07-09T07:0039.07-16.952612.3199.00-19NEFRESCOHORIZONTES OFUSCADOSPICADA000000074882
1778-07-10T07:0037.23-19.635112.3168.00-17ENEFRESCOHORIZONTES UN POCO OFUSCADOSPICADA000000074883
1778-07-11T07:0036.12-21.2851103.00-17ENEHORIZONTES OFUSCADOSLLANA000000074884
1778-07-12T07:0035.18-22.20736.772.00-17EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CARGADOSLLANA000000074885
1778-07-13T08:0033.97-23.23522.6802.00-16ENECALMOSOHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074886
1778-07-14T08:0032.73-24.43296.795.00-16NEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ABRISADOSLLANA000000074887
1778-07-15T08:0032.00-25.17312.657.00-14NECALMOSOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074888
1778-07-16T08:0031.27-25.903012.958.00-14NOMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074889
1778-07-17T08:0030.57-26.60312.955.00-14NEMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074890
1778-07-18T08:0030.05-27.12542.941.00-14ENEMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074891
1778-07-19T08:0029.18-27.98782.969.00-12EMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074892
1778-07-20T08:0027.82-29.37336.7110.00-12NEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074893
1778-07-21T08:0025.72-31.00589.3624.00-10ENEFRESQUITOHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA000000074894
1778-07-22T08:0024.30-33.23609.3148.00-8ENEFRESQUITOHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074895
1778-07-23T08:0023.05-35.27609.3134.00-8ENEFRESQUITOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSUN POCO PICADA000000074896
1778-07-24T08:0021.75-37.48626.7146.00-6ENEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074897
1778-07-25T09:0021.02-39.67646.7130.00-4ENEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074898
1778-07-26T09:0020.30-42.03646.7140.00-4ENEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074899
1778-07-27T09:0020.05-44.10656.7821.00-3ENEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074900
1778-07-28T09:0019.43-46.38656.7134.00-3ENEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074901
1778-07-29T09:0019.08-48.6567134.00-1ENEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074902
1778-07-30T09:0018.73-50.92896.7135.00-1EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CARGADOS CON DIFERENTES CHUBASCOSLLANA010000074903
1778-07-31T10:0018.43-53.17916.7129.001EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ACHUBASCADOSLLANA010000074904
1778-08-01T10:0018.27-55.47916.7132.001EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CARGADOSLLANA000000074905
1778-08-02T10:0018.13-57.65926.7125.002EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CARGADOSLLANA000000074906
1778-08-03T10:0018.25-60.00926.7907.002EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074907
1778-08-04T10:0018.42-62.181156.7124.002ESEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074908
1778-08-05T10:0018.85-65.271176.7124.004ESEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074909
1778-08-06T10:0018.48-66.131176.714ESEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074910
1778-08-07T10:0018.48-66.1322914SOHORIZONTES CARGADOSLLANA000000074911
1778-08-08T10:0018.48-66.132072.914SSOMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES CARGADOS CON ALGUNOS CHUBASCOSLLANA010000074912
1778-08-09T10:0018.48-66.131842.914SMUY CALMOSOHORIZONTES AHUMADOSLLANA000000074913
1778-08-10T10:0018.48-66.137214ENE000000074914
1778-08-11T11:0019.30-68.107395.005ENEHORIZONTES AHUMADOSLLANA000000074915
1778-08-12T11:0020.05-70.071186.7120.005ESEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CARGADOSLLANA000000074916
1778-08-13T11:0020.28-71.53957.35EMUY BONANCIBLE000000074917
1778-08-14T11:0020.50-72.98746.780.006ENEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES AHUMADOSLLANA000000074918
1778-08-15T11:0021.15-75.23966.7135.006EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074919
1778-08-16T11:0022.22-77.38966.7121.006EBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES CLAROSLLANA000000074920
1778-08-17T11:0023.10-79.18969.387.006EFRESQUITOHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074921
1778-08-18T11:0023.42-80.871196.796.006ESEBONANCIBLEHORIZONTES ATURBONADOSLLANA000000074922