Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -11.744111 * Median Longitude: 18.339778 * South-bound Latitude: -39.220000 * West-bound Longitude: -31.950000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.570000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.620000

Date/Time Start: 1851-11-23T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-02-22T05:00:00

Event(s):

Drie_Vrienden_18511123_O_REIS_1A_P1A-4A * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1851-11-23T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-02-22T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Drie Vrienden, Voyage: Nieuwediep - Batavia, 1st Observer: M.J.B. Noordhoek Stegh (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
14	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
15	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
17	Present weather	ww		Weather description
18	Precipitation description	Precip descr
19	State of the sea description	State sea descr
20	Cloud type	Cloud type
21	Clearness	Clearness
22	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
23	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
24	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
25	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
26	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
28	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29	Comment	Comment
30	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1929 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 - (1 If position is considered t...)	9 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	10 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	13 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	14 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	15 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	17 ww (Weather description)	18 Precip descr	19 State sea descr	20 Cloud type	21 Clearness	22 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	23 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	24 Fog (1 If fog was reported)	26 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	29 Comment	30 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1851-11-23T12:00	51.57	2.07	46	19.0	979.3	8.3	1	VM	8	-22	8	47.00	2811.00	Z-ONO	8				V05		0	0	0	0		62278
1851-11-24T00:00			270	6.7	979.3	6.7	1	VM	8		4	44.00	2811.00	W	4	W00			V00		1	0	0	0		62279
1851-11-25T00:00	50.58		23	12.3	984.9	6.7	1	VM	8		6	44.00	2901.00	NNO	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62280
1851-11-26T12:00	50.22	-0.93	338	2.6	993.4	8.3	1	VM	8	-22	2	47.00	2904.00	N	2				V04		0	0	0	0		62281
1851-11-27T12:00	49.82	-3.28	291	9.3	999.1	9.4	1	VM	8	-24	5	49.00	2906.00	NW	5	W00					1	0	0	0		62282
1851-11-28T12:00	48.83	-5.82	156	9.3	1001.9	10.6		VM	8	-24	5	51.00	2907.00	Z	5				V01		0	0	0	0		62283
1851-11-29T12:00	48.10	-7.37	201	19.0	993.4	12.8		VM	8	-24	8	55.00	2904.00	ZW	8				V05		0	0	0	0		62284
1851-11-30T13:00	47.57	-8.83	244	4.6	999.1	14.4		VM	8	-26	3	58.00	2906.00	W	3				V05		0	0	0	0		62285
1851-12-01T13:00	46.32	-9.20	89	15.4	1001.9	12.8		VM	8	-24	7	55.00	2907.00	OZO	7	W10			V05		0	0	1	0		62286
1851-12-02T13:00	43.22	-10.98	66	12.3	1001.9	14.4		VM	8	-24	6	58.00	2907.00	O	6				V00		0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	62287
1851-12-03T13:00	40.97	-13.52	21	6.7	1001.9	15.6		VM	8	-24	4	60.00	2907.00	NO	4					H00	0	0	0	0		62288
1851-12-04T13:00	38.63	-15.05	66	9.3	1001.9	16.7		VM	8	-24	5	62.00	2907.00	O	5				V01		0	0	0	0		62289
1851-12-05T13:00	36.20	-15.73	23	9.3	1001.9	16.7		VM	8	-22	5	62.00	2907.00	NO	5				V04		0	0	0	0		62290
1851-12-06T13:00	33.87	-16.69	91	12.3	1001.9	20.6		VM	8	-22	6	69.00	2907.00	OZO	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62291
1851-12-07T13:00	31.57	-17.65	69	12.3	1001.9	21.1		VM	8	-21	6	70.00	2907.00	O	6			Z01			0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	62292
1851-12-08T13:00	28.45	-18.37	69	9.3	1000.2	22.2		VM	8	-21	5	72.00	290605.00	O	5				V00	H00	0	0	0	0		62293
1851-12-09T13:00	26.70	-19.23	3	6.7	999.1	21.7		VM	8	-20	4	71.00	2906.00	NNO	4	W00	W20			H00	1	1	0	0		62294
1851-12-10T13:00	25.30	-20.06	25	2.6				VM	8	-20	2			NO	2				V01		0	0	0	0		62295
1851-12-11T13:00	24.28	-20.88	48	6.7	999.1	22.2		VM	8	-20	4	72.00	2906.00	ONO	4				V01		0	0	0	0		62296
1851-12-12T13:00	22.95	-21.93	36	12.3	999.1	23.3		VM	8	-20	6	74.00	2906.00	NOTO	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62297
1851-12-13T14:00	20.73	-23.48	72	12.3	999.1	22.8		VM	8	-18	6	73.00	2906.00	O	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62298
1851-12-14T14:00	18.33	-25.28	38	12.3	996.2	24.4		VM	8	-18	6	76.00	2905.00	NOTO	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62299
1851-12-15T14:00	15.80	-26.57	73	12.3	993.4	26.1		VM	8	-17	6	79.00	2904.00	O	6					H00	0	0	0	0		62300
1851-12-16T14:00	12.32	-26.27	74	12.3	993.4	27.2		VM	8	-16	6	81.00	2904.00	O	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62301
1851-12-17T14:00	8.95	-25.48	63	12.3	990.6	29.4		VM	8	-16	6	85.00	2903.00	OTN	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62302
1851-12-18T14:00	5.75	-24.40	52	12.3	993.4	28.9		VM	8	-16	6	84.00	2904.00	ONO	6				V10		1	0	0	0		62303
1851-12-19T14:00	3.35	-23.83	74	6.7	993.4	26.7		VM	8	-16	4	80.00	2904.00	O	4				V03		0	0	0	0		62304
1851-12-20T14:00	1.78	-23.27	98	6.7	996.2	27.8		VM	8	-15	4	82.00	2905.00	OZO	4	W00			V10		1	0	0	0		62305
1851-12-21T14:00	0.27	-24.02	143	9.3	996.2	28.9		VM	8	-15	5	84.00	2905.00	ZZO	5				V01		0	0	0	0		62306
1851-12-22T14:00	-1.62	-25.30	120	12.3	996.2	28.9		VM	8	-15	6	84.00	2905.00	ZO	6				V10		1	0	0	0		62307
1851-12-23T14:00	-3.68	-27.10	98	12.3	996.2	28.9		VM	8	-15	6	84.00	2905.00	OZO	6					H00	0	0	0	0		62308
1851-12-24T14:00	-6.45	-28.25	101	12.3	996.2	28.3		VM	8	-12	6	83.00	2905.00	OZO	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62309
1851-12-25T14:00	-9.57	-28.92	124	12.3	996.2	28.3		VM	8	-11	6	83.00	2905.00	ZO	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62310
1851-12-26T14:00	-12.57	-29.25	125	12.3	996.2	27.2		VM	8	-10	6	81.00	2905.00	ZO	6	W00					1	0	0	0		62311
1851-12-27T14:00	-15.50	-30.33	103	12.3	996.2	28.3		VM	8	-10	6	83.00	2905.00	OZO	6	W00					1	0	0	0		62312
1851-12-28T14:00	-17.90	-30.60	91	12.3	996.2	28.9		VM	8	-10	6	84.00	2905.00	OTZ	6				V10		1	0	0	0		62313
1851-12-29T14:00	-20.57	-30.72	114	12.3	996.2	27.2		VM	8	-10	6	81.00	2905.00	ZOTO	6	W00			V07		1	0	0	0		62314
1851-12-30T14:00	-22.78	-31.55	115	12.3	999.1	23.3		VM	8	-9	6	74.00	2906.00	ZOTO	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62315
1851-12-31T14:00	-25.37	-31.95	81	9.3	1001.9	23.3		VM	8	-9	5	74.00	2907.00	O	5				V04		0	0	0	0		62316
1852-01-01T14:00	-27.73	-31.55	38	4.6	999.1	25.6		VM	8	-7	3	78.00	2906.00	NO	3				V00, V04		0	0	0	0		62317
1852-01-02T14:00	-28.97	-30.33	72	4.6	999.1	25.6		VM	8	-7	3	78.00	2906.00	OTN	3				V04		0	0	0	0		62318
1852-01-03T14:00	-29.75	-29.75	38	6.7	999.1	25.6		VM	8	-7	4	78.00	2906.00	NO	4				V00		0	0	0	0		62319
1852-01-04T14:00	-30.97	-28.25	16		1001.9	23.3		VM	8	-7		74.00	2907.00	NNO					V00		0	0	0	0		62320
1852-01-05T14:00	-32.07	-26.00	349	12.3	999.1	21.1		VM	8	-11	6	70.00	2906.00	N	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62321
1852-01-06T14:00	-33.32	-23.02	351	12.3	993.4	22.2		VM	8	-9	6	72.00	2904.00	N	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62322
1852-01-07T13:00	-34.68	-19.40	280	12.3	993.4	19.4		VM	8	-13	6	67.00	2904.00	WNW	6		W21		V05		0	1	0	0		62323
1852-01-08T13:00	-35.88	-16.36	344	9.3	996.2	20.0		VM	8	-16	5	68.00	2905.00	N	5				V04, V05		0	0	0	0		62324
1852-01-09T13:00	-35.50	-13.32	344	15.4	990.6	17.8		VM	8	-16	7	64.00	2903.00	N	7				V04		0	0	0	0		62325
1852-01-10T13:00	-36.80	-9.20	274	12.3	992.2	24.4		VM	8	-19	6	76.00	290307.00	WNW	6				V03, V00		0	0	0	0		62326
1852-01-11T12:00	-37.30	-4.97	248	6.7	996.2	16.1		VM	8	-22	4	61.00	2905.00	W	4				V04		0	0	0	0		62327
1852-01-12T12:00	-37.50	-2.30	292	12.3	990.6	19.4		VM	8	-23	6	67.00	2903.00	NW	6				V10		1	0	0	0		62328
1852-01-13T12:00	-37.58	1.12	202	12.3	1001.9	15.6		VM	8	-23	6	60.00	2907.00	ZW	6				V03		0	0	0	0		62329
1852-01-14T12:00	-37.82	4.48	245	12.3	999.1	17.8		VM	8	-25	6	64.00	2906.00	W	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62330
1852-01-15T11:00	-38.13	8.62	266	12.3	990.6	17.2		VM	8	-27	6	63.00	2903.00	WNW	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62331
1852-01-16T11:00	-37.67	13.08	264	12.3	993.4	19.4		VM	8	-29	6	67.00	2904.00	WNW	6	W10			V04		0	0	1	0		62332
1852-01-17T11:00	-37.33	17.27	219	12.3	993.4	22.2		VM	8	-29	6	72.00	2904.00	WZW	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62333
1852-01-18T11:00	-37.47	20.83	150	12.3	996.2	21.7		VM	8	-30	6	71.00	2905.00	Z	6	W00					1	0	0	0		62334
1852-01-19T10:00	-37.72	24.05	59	1.0	999.1	23.3		VM	8	-31	1	74.00	2906.00	O	1				V00		0	0	0	0		62335
1852-01-20T10:00	-37.27	25.20	330	2.6	993.4	22.2		VM	8	-30	2	72.00	2904.00	N	2				V01		0	0	0	0		62336
1852-01-21T10:00	-37.57	27.18	172	6.7	996.2	20.0		VM	8	-31	4	68.00	2905.00	ZZW	4				V04		0	0	0	0		62337
1852-01-22T10:00	-37.62	30.32	239	9.3	993.4	18.9		VM	8	-31	5	66.00	2904.00	W	5				V00, V04		0	0	0	0		62338
1852-01-23T10:00	-37.15	33.22	264	9.3	993.4	20.0		VM	8	-29	5	68.00	2904.00	WNW	5						0	0	0	0		62339
1852-01-24T10:00	-37.30	36.27	219	15.4	987.8	17.2		VM	8	-29	7	63.00	2902.00	WZW	7			Z01			0	0	0	0		62340
1852-01-25T09:00	-37.63	40.60	240	15.4	984.9	17.8		VM	8	-30	7	64.00	2901.00	W	7				V01		0	0	0	0		62341
1852-01-26T09:00	-37.72	45.27	286	15.4	984.9	19.4				-29	7	67.00	2901.00	NW	7	W00			V03, V05		1	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	62342
1852-01-27T09:00	-38.08	49.53	242	19.0	984.9	19.4		VM	8	-28	8	67.00	2901.00	W	8			Z01	V03		0	0	0	0		62343
1852-01-28T08:00	-38.50	53.65	221	15.4	996.2	17.2		VM	8	-27	7	63.00	2905.00	WZW	7	W00			V01		1	0	0	0		62344
1852-01-29T08:00	-38.57	57.28	209	12.3	999.1	16.7		VM	8	-27	6	62.00	2906.00	ZWTW	6			Z00	V04		0	0	0	0		62345
1852-01-30T08:00	-39.18	61.42	244	12.3	999.1	16.7		VM	8	-26	6	62.00	2906.00	W	6				V04		0	0	0	0		62346
1852-01-31T08:00	-39.20	65.33	178	12.3	1001.9	17.8		VM	8	-25	6	64.00	2907.00	ZZW	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62347
1852-02-01T07:00	-39.07	68.72	359	12.3	1007.5	18.9		VM	8	-24	6	66.00	2909.00	NNO	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62348
1852-02-02T07:00	-39.10	71.02	291	12.3	1004.7	17.2		VM	8	-24	6	63.00	2908.00	NW	6				V00, V04		0	0	0	0		62349
1852-02-03T07:00	-39.22	74.80	270	12.3	999.1	19.4		VM	8	-23	6	67.00	2906.00	WNW	6				V04		0	0	0	0		62350
1852-02-04T07:00	-38.50	78.77	181	15.4	1001.9	17.2		VM	8	-22	7	63.00	2907.00	ZZW	7				V03	H00	0	0	0	0		62351
1852-02-05T07:00	-37.28	80.95	276	12.3	1001.9	19.4		VM	8	-17	6	67.00	2907.00	WNW	6				V04		0	0	0	0		62352
1852-02-06T06:00	-36.23	83.22	232	12.3	1001.9	20.6		VM	8	-16	6	69.00	2907.00	WZW	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62353
1852-02-07T06:00	-35.27	86.03	299	12.3	999.1	19.4		VM	8	-16	6	67.00	2906.00	NW	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62354
1852-02-08T06:00	-34.25	89.32	323	12.3	1001.9	23.9		VM	8	-15	6	75.00	2907.00	NNW	6				V00		0	0	0	0		62355
1852-02-09T06:00	-32.85	91.98	300	6.7	1001.9	23.9		VM	8	-15	4	75.00	2907.00	NW	4				V01		0	0	0	0		62356
1852-02-10T06:00	-32.10	93.53	328	2.6	999.1	23.9		VM	8	-10	2	75.00	2906.00	NNW	2				V00		0	0	0	0		62357
1852-02-11T06:00	-31.45	94.23	91	9.3	999.1	23.3		VM	8	-10	5	74.00	2906.00	OTZ	5				V01		0	0	0	0		62358
1852-02-12T06:00	-29.77	94.72	13	12.3	999.1	23.9		VM	8	-10	6	75.00	2906.00	NNO	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62359
1852-02-13T06:00	-27.15	95.62	72	12.3	999.1	24.4		VM	8	-7	6	76.00	2906.00	OTN	6				V01		0	0	0	0		62360
1852-02-14T06:00	-24.68	96.70	94	12.3	996.2	24.4		VM	8	-7	6	76.00	2905.00	OTZ	6	W00					1	0	0	0		62361
1852-02-15T05:00	-22.00	97.63	86	12.3	996.2	24.4		VM	8	-4	6	76.00	2905.00	O	6				V04		0	0	0	0		62362
1852-02-16T05:00	-19.25	99.00	109	12.3	993.4	27.2		VM	8	-4	6	81.00	2904.00	OZO	6				V04		0	0	0	0		62363
1852-02-17T05:00	-16.00	99.82	111	12.3	996.2	27.8		VM	8	-2	6	82.00	2905.00	OZO	6	W00					1	0	0	0		62364
1852-02-18T05:00	-13.25	101.10	111	12.3	993.4	30.0		VM	8	-2	6	86.00	2904.00	OZO	6				V04		0	0	0	0		62365
1852-02-19T05:00	-10.38	102.10	135	6.7				VM	8	0	4			ZO	4					H00	0	0	0	0		62366
1852-02-20T05:00	-10.00	102.87	225	4.6	987.8	28.3		VM	8	0	3	83.00	2902.00	ZW	3	W00	W20		V10		1	1	0	0		62367
1852-02-21T05:00	-8.18	103.58	281	12.3				VM	8	0	6			WTN	6	W01, W33			V10		1	0	0	1		62368
1852-02-22T05:00	-6.85	104.62	24					VM	8	1				NNO							0	0	0	0		62369