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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Dover Castle cruise from Madras to St. Helena started at 1812-10-29 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748670, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -16.497027 * Median Longitude: 54.505541 * South-bound Latitude: -35.730000 * West-bound Longitude: -2.870000 * North-bound Latitude: 9.230000 * East-bound Longitude: 87.030000
Date/Time Start: 1812-10-29T07:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1813-01-25T12:00:00
Event(s):
Dover_Castle_18121029_BL_L/MAR/B/232E * Latitude Start: 12.100000 * Longitude Start: 80.500000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1812-10-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1813-01-25T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Dover Castle, Voyage: Madras - St Helena, 1st Observer: George Richardson (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
10 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
11 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
12 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
13 Current speed descriptionV descr
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 CommentComment
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1177 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

Course

Distance [arbitrary units]

Decl [deg]
10 
Reading [arbitrary units]
11 
Wind dir descr
12 
Cur dir descr
13 
V descr
14 
Wind force descr
15 
ww
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
20 
Rain
21 
Fog
22 
Snow
23 
Thunder
24 
Hail
25 
Sea ice
26 
Comment
27 
ID
1812-10-29T07:009.2381.682.61016.0S56E64.00130.00LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS WITH SQUALLSRAIN THROUGHOUT010000060526
1812-10-30T06:008.5582.92132.61016.0S56E69.00230.00VARIABLE, NBELIGHT BREEZES WITH SQUALLSHEAVY RAIN010000060527
1812-10-31T06:007.6783.453402.61016.0S36E75.00230.00VARIABLE, NW, NNWFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZESFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR000000060528
1812-11-01T06:006.6883.253512.61016.0S11E51.00230.00NBWSWSTRONGTHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT BREEZESFINE WEATHERSWELL FROM THE NW000000060529
1812-11-02T06:006.0383.582611.0S5E36.002WBSTHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSCLEAR WEATHER000000060530
1812-11-03T06:004.7283.182386.7S15E79.002WSW, SW, SWBWFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, LATTER A PLEASANT BREEZEFINE WEATHER000000060531
1812-11-04T06:003.6384.032952.61016.0S5E76.00230.00SWBW, W, WNWLIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER000000060532
1812-11-05T06:002.6084.283401.01016.0S8W52.00230.00WNW, NNWTHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT AIRSFINE WEATHERHEAVY SWELL FROM THE SOUTH000000060533
1812-11-06T06:002.6084.551.01016.0S5W7.00230.00THESE 24 HOURS LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSWATER SMOOTH000000060534
1812-11-07T06:002.9284.670.01016.0230.00THESE 24 HOURS A CALM000000060535
1812-11-08T06:002.7784.671.01016.0230.00THESE 24 HOURS LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSHOT SULTRY WEATHER000000060536
1812-11-09T06:002.7084.633621.01016.0230.00VARIABLETHROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSCLEAR WEATHER000000060537
1812-11-10T06:002.4584.453622.61016.0130.00VARIABLELIGHT WINDSUNSETTLED WEATHER THROUGHOUT000000060538
1812-11-11T06:001.9384.503621.01016.0130.00VARIABLELIGHT AIRS WITH SQUALLSRAIN IN THE LATTER PART010000060539
1812-11-12T06:001.3584.823622.61016.0130.00W, VARIABLETHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER000000060540
1812-11-13T06:000.0285.222491016.0130.00WBS, WSWMODERATE BREEZES, VARIABLE WITH LIGHT SQUALLSRAIN IN THE FIRST PART010000060541
1812-11-14T06:00-1.2085.033626.7S8W80.001WBN, VARIABLETHESE 24 HOURS MODERATE BREEZES WITH SQUALLSRAIN010000060542
1812-11-15T06:00-2.4285.572601016.0130.00WBSWIND VARIABLE AND HARD SQUALLSRAIN010000060543
1812-11-16T06:00-3.6386.283621000.4S11E74.00129.54VARIABLEWINDS VARIABLE WITH SQUALLSRAIN010000060544
1812-11-17T06:00-3.6787.032261.01016.0130.00SWTHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT VARIABLE AIRS AND CALMS000000060545
1812-11-18T06:00-4.1086.851592.6S22W28.001SSETHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS AND SQUALLS000000060546
1812-11-19T06:00-5.0886.12911.01016.0130.00SEBE, EFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRSFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR000000060547
1812-11-20T06:00-5.6386.32692.61ENETHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT VARIABLE WINDSRAIN IN THE MIDDLE PARTCLEAR010000060548
1812-11-21T06:00-6.3586.12241VARIABLE, NNEWINDS VARIABLE WITH FREQUENT SQUALLSRAIN010000060549
1812-11-22T06:00-7.3885.7311VARIABLE, NTHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT BREEZES, VARIABLECLOUDY000000060550
1812-11-23T06:00-8.3585.12899.3-1NW, VARIABLE, W, EFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS WINDS VARIABLE, LATTER STEADY BREEZESFIRST AND MIDLDE PARTS CLOUDYLATTER CLEAR000000060551
1812-11-24T06:00-9.6384.301346.7-1E, ESE, SETHESE 24 HOURS PLEASANT BREEZES WITH LIGHT SQUALLSRAIN010000060552
1812-11-25T06:00-11.0283.951459.31016.0-130.00VARIABLE, SEBSFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDYLATTER RAIN010000060553
1812-11-26T07:00-12.4082.3712312.31016.0-130.00ESE, SEBEFIRST PART OF THESE 24 HOURS SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG BREEZESMIDDLE AND LATTER FINE WEATHERFIRST PART RAIN0100000a trivial correction was made in this observation60554
1812-11-27T07:00-14.1080.3713212.31016.0-330.00SETHROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS A STEADY TRADE WITH SQUALLS AT INTERVALS000000060555
1812-11-28T07:00-16.0578.171219.31016.0-330.00VARIABLE, ESE, EBS, SEBEA PLEASANT TRADE THROUGHOUT WITH SQUALLSRAIN AT TIMES010000060556
1812-11-29T07:00-17.8875.9212912.31020.0-630.12SETHROUGHOUT A FRESH TRADEFINE PLEASANT WEATHER000000060557
1812-11-30T07:00-19.6071.2212712.31026.1S54W178.00-830.30SETHROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS FRESH TRADEPLEASANT WEATHER000000060558
1812-12-01T07:00-20.8568.75936.71036.3S62W169.00-830.60SE, EBSFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS A FRESH TRADE, LATTER MODERATEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDYLATTER CLEAR000000060559
1812-12-02T08:00-22.0365.9010312.3S60W175.00-10SEBS, ESETHROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS A FRESH TRADEPLEASANT WEATHER000000060560
1812-12-03T08:00-22.8063.27889.31016.0S69W143.00-1330.00ESE, EBSMODERATE TRADEPLEASANT WEATHER000000060561
1812-12-04T08:00-23.4761.40986.71032.9S68W111.00-1530.50E, ESELIGHT TRADEPLEASANT WEATHERWATER VERY SMOOTH000000060562
1812-12-05T08:00-24.2759.28866.7S67W127.00-15SSE, S, ESE, EBSA LIGHT TRADEFINE WEATHER THROUGHOUT000000060563
1812-12-06T08:00-24.6857.62756.71016.0S77W104.00-1530.00ESE, ELIGHT TRADEFINE WEATHER000000060564
1812-12-07T08:00-24.9856.181172.6S76W72.00-18VARIABLE, SELIGHT WINDS VARIABLEFINE WEATHER000000060565
1812-12-08T08:00-25.5753.006119.01016.0S75W172.00-1830.00SE, ESE, E, EBNFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, VARIABLE AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALESCLOUDY000000060566
1812-12-09T09:00-26.4250.32706.7S73W152.00-20SE, EMODERATE BREEZESFINE PLEASANT WEATHER000000060567
1812-12-10T09:00-27.0547.78486.71036.3S73W147.00-2030.60EBN, NEBE, ENEPLEASANT BREEZESFINE WEATHERWATER VERY SMOOTH000000060568
1812-12-11T09:00-27.8045.1543S76W153.00-25NEBE, ENEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHTFIRST AND MID PRTS PLEASANT WEATHER, LATTER CLOUDYLATTER A HEAVY SWELL FROM THE NE000000060569
1812-12-12T09:00-27.6043.60201016.0W64.00-2530.00VARIABLE, SE, E, NELIGHT BREEZES, VARIABLECONFUSED SEA000000060570
1812-12-13T09:00-28.0341.0332216.31016.0S77W154.00-2730.00VARIABLE, NEBN, N, NBWFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER INCREASING GALEFIRST PART FINE, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY000000060571
1812-12-14T09:00-27.6737.532219.3N75W74.00-27N, WSWFIRST PART HARD SQUALLS, VARIABLE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESRAINMIDDLE AND LATTER A HEAVY SWELL FROM THE WEST010010060572
1812-12-15T09:00-27.5238.583622.6N73W32.00-27VARIABLETHESE 24 HOURS LIGHT VARIABLE WINDSHEAVY SWELL FROM THE WEST000000060573
1812-12-16T09:00-27.4738.33302S7W23.00-24NW, NWBNTHESE 24 HOURS WINDS, VARIABLE WITH SQUALLS IN THE MIDDLE PARTHEAVY SWELL FROM THE SW000000060574
1812-12-17T10:00-29.7336.8767.3S45W110.00-28VARIABLE, ENE, NEBNFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER INCREASING BREEZEFIRST AND MIDDLE A HEAVY SWELL FROM THE WESTWARD, LATTER SMOOTH WATER000000060575
1812-12-18T10:00-31.9234.65362S46W181.00-28NEBN, NE, VARIABLEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS STRONG BREEZES, LATTER WINDS VARIABLEFIRST AND MIDDLE FINE WEATHER, LATTER CLOUDY000000060576
1812-12-19T10:00-32.2333.131416.7S68W19.00-28SSW, S, SBEFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY000010060577
1812-12-20T10:00-32.3532.4022019.0N81W46.00-28SBE, VARIABLE, WSWFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES WITH FREQUENT HARD SQUALLSFIRST PART CLOUDYLATTER RAIN010000060578
1812-12-21T10:00-32.8033.352196.7S47E44.00-29W, SWBW, WSWFIRST PART STRONG BREEZES WITH HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATELATTER FAIRLATTER A HEAVY SEA000000060579
1812-12-22T10:00-33.0033.323096.7S36W17.00-29WSW, NNWFIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, VARIABLE, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSFIRST AND LATTER FINE WEATHER000000060580
1812-12-23T10:00-33.5031.903626.7S72W82.00-29NBW, VARIABLEFIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS AND SQUALLYFIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY WEATHER000000060581
1812-12-24T10:00-33.9830.883627.3S67W77.00-29SW, VARIABLEFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT VARIABLE WINDS, LATTER INCREASING WINDSFIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER FINE WEATHER000000060582
1812-12-25T10:00-35.4727.387216.3S67W190.00-29EBSFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER INCREASING GALEFIRST PART FINE WEATHER, LATTER CLOUDY000000060583
1812-12-26T10:00-35.6024.18616.7S87W149.00-29ESE, EFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MORE MODERATEFIRST AND MIDLE PARTS HAZY WEATHER001000060584
1812-12-27T11:00-35.7322.231757.3N87W56.00-28VARIABLE, SW, SSWFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS, LATTER INCREASING BREEZESFINE WEATHER000000060585
1812-12-28T11:00-35.1519.871186.7-28SW, SEBSTHESE 24 HOURS A PLEASANT BREEZEHAZY WEATHER0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation60586
1813-01-13T11:00-32.7216.726.7-26THESE 24 HOURS MODERATE BREEZESFINE WEATHER000000060587
1813-01-14T11:00-31.5213.571549.3-26STHROUGHOUT THESE 24 HOURS STEADY BREEZESCLOUDYHEAVY SWELL FROM THE SW000000060588
1813-01-15T11:00-29.2811.531211.0-25SBE, SEBSFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRSFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDYLATTER HAZY000000060589
1813-01-16T11:00-28.9510.603622.6-25SBE, SSE, VARIABLELIGHT VARIABLE WINDSFINE WEATHER000000060590
1813-01-17T11:00-28.089.7831-25VARIABLE, NEBELIGHT AIRS, VARIABLEFINE WEATHER000000060591
1813-01-18T11:00-26.888.983622.6-25VARIABLELIGHT VARIABLE WINDSFINE WEATHER000000060592
1813-01-19T12:00-25.507.171466.7-23WBS, SWBS, SSW, SBETHESE 24 HOURS MODERATE BREEZESFINE WEATHER000000060593
1813-01-20T12:00-24.305.281579.3-23SMODERATE TRADEPLEASANT WEATHER000000060594
1813-01-21T12:00-23.123.631239.3N55W108.00-23SEBSMODERATE TRADEHAZY WEATHER000000060595
1813-01-22T12:00-21.901.731259.3-21SEBSA MODERATE TRADECLOUDY WEATHER000000060596
1813-01-23T12:00-20.370.381489.3-21SE, SEBS, SBEMODERATE TRADECLOUDY WEATHER000000060597
1813-01-24T12:00-18.77-1.321259.3-21SEBSMODERATE TRADEFINE WEATHER000000060598
1813-01-25T12:00-17.08-2.8712712.3-19SEBSA FRESH TRADEFINE WEATHER000000060599