García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Doctrina et Amicitia cruise from London to Australie started at 1853-11-25 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748565, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 24.185135 * Median Longitude: -18.947027 * South-bound Latitude: -0.020000 * West-bound Longitude: -26.250000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.000000 * East-bound Longitude: -7.480000
Date/Time Start: 1853-11-25T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-12-31T14:00:00
Event(s):
Doctrina_et_Amicitia_18531125_15+_REIS_15_P1-8 * Latitude Start: 51.470000 * Longitude Start: 1.000000 * Latitude End: -0.020000 * Longitude End: -19.300000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-11-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-12-31T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Doctrina Et Amicitia (Fregat), Voyage: London - Australie, 1st Observer: J. Haagsma (Kapitein), Company: MAR, Other ship information: DE OPHELDERINGEN VAN KAPT. HAAGSMA VERKREGEN ZIJN DAT DE WINDRIGTINGEN MISWIJZEND ZIJN GESTELD EN DE MEEST HEERSCHENDE IN HET ETMAAL. IN HET EXTRACT ZIJN OPGEGEVEN, EN DAT DE TEMPERATUUR EN DE DIEPTE WAAREGNOMEN ZICH STEEDS BEPAALD HAD TOT 30 A 40 VADEM WATER. CORRECTIE VAN DE BAROMETER + 0.6(EENHEID ONLEESBAAR), THERMOMETERS GOED.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 8 | Temperature, water | Temp | °C | Sea surface temperature | ||
| 9 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 10 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 11 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc. | |||
| 13 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 14 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 15 | Compass, established error | Compass established e | ||||
| 16 | Compass, applied correction | Compass applied correction | ||||
| 17 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 18 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the sea surface thermometer | ||
| 19 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 20 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 21 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 22 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 23 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 24 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 25 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 26 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 27 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 28 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 29 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 30 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 31 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 32 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 33 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 34 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 35 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
835 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) | 7 TTT [°C] | 8 Temp [°C] (Sea surface temperature) | 9 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 10 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 12 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...) | 13 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 14 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 15 Compass established e | 16 Compass applied correction | 17 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 18 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the sea surface th...) | 19 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) | 20 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 21 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 22 ww (Weather description) | 23 Precip descr | 24 State sea descr | 25 Cloud type | 26 Clearness | 27 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 28 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 29 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 30 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 31 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 32 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 33 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 34 Comment | 35 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1853-11-25T13:00 | 46.87 | -7.70 | 269 | 1022.8 | 12.2 | 12.8 | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 54.00 | 55.00 | 30.20 | WNW | DUBBEL GEREEFD | DIKKE OPSTOPPENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55817 | |||||||||||
| 1853-11-26T12:00 | 45.93 | -7.48 | 338 | 1022.8 | 12.8 | 13.3 | -22 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 55.00 | 56.00 | 30.20 | N | DUBBEL GEREEFD | DIKKE OPSTOPPENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55818 | |||||||||||
| 1853-11-27T13:00 | 46.32 | -9.72 | 269 | 4.6 | 1022.8 | 14.4 | 14.2 | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 58.00 | 57.50 | 30.20 | WNW | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HOOGE DEINING UIT DE NOORDWEST | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55819 | ||||||||||
| 1853-11-28T13:00 | 47.00 | -12.07 | 224 | 4.6 | 1022.8 | 15.6 | 13.6 | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 60.00 | 56.50 | 30.20 | WZW | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | SMOT | HOOGE NW DEINING | DIKKE HEIJIGE LUCHT MET SMOT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55820 | ||||||||
| 1853-11-29T13:00 | 46.85 | -12.10 | 291 | 12.3 | 1016.0 | 15.8 | 14.2 | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 60.50 | 57.50 | 30.00 | NW | DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | MET MIST UITSCHIETENDE VAN DE ZW TOT NW | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 55821 | |||||||||
| 1853-11-30T13:00 | 46.70 | -12.25 | 179 | 12.3 | 1016.0 | 14.7 | 15.0 | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 58.50 | 59.00 | 30.00 | ZZW | DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | HOGE ZEE UIT HET NW | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55822 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-01T13:00 | 46.85 | -13.33 | 177 | 12.3 | 1012.6 | 15.0 | 14.3 | -26 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 59.00 | 57.75 | 29.90 | ZZW | DUBBEL GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | BUIJEN, DROOG WEER | HEIJIGE LUCHT | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55823 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-02T15:00 | 46.57 | -13.17 | 109 | 6.7 | 1012.6 | 14.4 | 13.9 | -26 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 58.00 | 57.00 | 29.90 | ZO-DE WIND OPKRIMPENDE VAN ZZW-ZO | MARSZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 55824 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-03T14:00 | 43.93 | -14.20 | 64 | 6.7 | 1012.6 | 15.8 | 14.7 | -26 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 60.50 | 58.50 | 29.90 | ZO-O | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HEIJIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55825 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-04T14:00 | 41.88 | -15.00 | 111 | 4.6 | 1012.6 | 16.7 | 15.6 | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 62.00 | 60.00 | 29.90 | ZO | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55826 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-05T14:00 | 39.33 | -15.70 | 66 | 15.4 | 1009.2 | 16.9 | 16.4 | BRAMZEILS VAST | -24 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 62.50 | 61.50 | 29.80 | O | HARDE KOELTE | HOGE ZEE VAN HET ZZO | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55827 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-06T14:00 | 35.92 | -17.17 | 23 | 6.7 | 1012.6 | 17.6 | 17.8 | -22 | 2.25 | 2.25 | 63.75 | 64.00 | 29.90 | TOT NO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HOGE ZEE UIT HET ONO | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55828 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-07T14:00 | 32.92 | -17.83 | 45 | 6.7 | 1019.4 | 18.1 | 18.9 | OP HOOGTE MADEIRA. | -23 | 2 | 2 | 64.50 | 66.00 | 30.10 | ZO-ONO | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HOGE ZEE | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55829 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-08T13:00 | 30.18 | -19.30 | 2 | 2.6 | 1019.4 | 20.0 | 19.7 | MET HET OPHALEN BEVONDEN ALS DAT DE BUIS GEBROKEN WAS. | -21 | 2 | 2 | 68.00 | 67.50 | 30.10 | NNO | BOVEN BRAMZEILSKOELTE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55830 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-09T13:00 | 27.95 | -20.42 | 24 | 1.0 | 1024.5 | 23.3 | 20.8 | -21 | 2 | 2 | 74.00 | 69.50 | 30.25 | NNO-NO | BOVEN BRAMZEILSKOELTE-FLAUWE KOELTE UIT DE NO | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55831 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-10T13:00 | 26.17 | -20.08 | 93 | 1.0 | 1026.1 | 23.3 | 23.1 | -20 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 74.00 | 73.50 | 30.30 | ZO-OZO | BOVEN BRAMZEILSKOELTE-FLAUWE KOELTE UIT DE OZO | MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55832 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-11T13:00 | 25.78 | -22.28 | 362 | 1.0 | 1027.8 | 23.1 | 22.2 | -20 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 73.50 | 72.00 | 30.35 | VARIEREND | FLAUW EN STIL | MOOI WEER | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55833 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-12T13:00 | 25.27 | -21.80 | 362 | 0.0 | 1031.2 | 23.3 | 22.2 | -20 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 74.00 | 72.00 | 30.45 | Z-RONDLOPEND | FLAUW-STIL | MOOI WEER, WARM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55834 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-13T13:00 | 25.13 | -22.33 | 362 | 0.0 | 1029.5 | 23.6 | 23.1 | -20 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 74.50 | 73.50 | 30.40 | RONDLOPEND | FLAUW-STIL | MOOI WEER, WARM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55835 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-14T14:00 | 24.57 | -22.78 | 318 | 1.0 | 1029.5 | 23.3 | 22.2 | -20 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 74.00 | 72.00 | 30.40 | NNW | FLAUW-ZOGGE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55836 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-15T14:00 | 23.08 | -23.95 | 25 | 1.0 | 1029.5 | 25.0 | 22.8 | -20 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 77.00 | 73.00 | 30.40 | NO | FLAUW | MOOI WEER, ENIGZINS DRUKKEND | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55837 | ||||||||
| 1853-12-16T15:00 | 21.30 | -23.95 | 27 | 1.0 | 1024.5 | 21.9 | 22.5 | -18 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 71.50 | 72.50 | 30.25 | NO | FLAUW | MOOI WEER, NIET DRUKKEND, FRISCH | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55838 | ||||||||
| 1853-12-17T15:00 | 19.28 | -24.23 | 27 | 1.0 | 1024.5 | 22.5 | 22.5 | -18 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 72.50 | 72.50 | 30.25 | NO | FLAUW | FIJN WEER | S MORGENS SMOT | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | HELDER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55839 | |||||||
| 1853-12-18T15:00 | 16.42 | -26.25 | 6 | 1.0 | 1024.5 | 22.5 | 23.1 | ST ANTONIA | ONO | 5 | -17 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 72.50 | 73.50 | 30.25 | NNO | FLAUW | FIJN WEER | HELDER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55840 | ||||||
| 1853-12-19T15:00 | 13.60 | -25.62 | 73 | 1021.1 | 24.7 | 25.3 | TUSSEN DE CANARISCHE EILANDEN. | -17 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 76.50 | 77.50 | 30.15 | O | FRIS | ZEER MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55841 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-20T15:00 | 10.98 | -24.80 | 51 | 1.0 | 1021.1 | 25.6 | 25.6 | -17 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 78.00 | 78.00 | 30.15 | ONO | FLAUW | ZEER MOOI WEER, DRUKKEND WARM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55842 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-21T15:00 | 8.35 | -23.67 | 28 | 1017.7 | 26.7 | 27.2 | -17 | 1 | 1 | 80.00 | 81.00 | 30.05 | NO | FRIS | ZEER MOOI WEER, GEMATIGDE WARMTE, MOOI WEER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55843 | |||||||||||
| 1853-12-22T15:00 | 5.90 | -22.65 | 74 | 1.0 | 1021.1 | 27.5 | 27.1 | -16 | 1 | 1 | 81.50 | 80.75 | 30.15 | O | FLAUW | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55844 | |||||||||||
| 1853-12-23T13:00 | 4.32 | -22.05 | 72 | 1.0 | 1019.4 | 28.3 | 27.8 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 83.00 | 82.00 | 30.10 | O | FLAUW | DRUKKEND WARM | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55845 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-24T14:00 | 3.48 | -22.02 | 140 | 1.0 | 1019.4 | 29.6 | 28.3 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 85.25 | 83.00 | 30.10 | ZZO | FLAUW | DRUKKEND WARM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55846 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-25T15:00 | 2.93 | -22.77 | 164 | 1.0 | 1019.4 | 31.1 | 28.3 | -16 | 1 | 1 | 88.00 | 83.00 | 30.10 | Z | FLAUW | DRUKKEND WARM | MET LIGTE REGENVLAGEN | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55847 | ||||||||
| 1853-12-26T14:00 | 3.17 | -21.32 | 162 | 1.0 | 1019.4 | 30.0 | 27.2 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 86.00 | 81.00 | 30.10 | Z | FLAUW-ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | WARM WEDER | DIKKE OPGESTOPTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55848 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-27T14:00 | 2.87 | -20.88 | 162 | 1.0 | 1019.4 | 30.6 | 27.2 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 87.00 | 81.00 | 30.10 | Z | FLAUW | WARM WEER | DIKKE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55849 | |||||||||
| 1853-12-28T14:00 | 3.47 | -20.87 | 361 | 0.0 | 1021.1 | 31.7 | 27.8 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 89.00 | 82.00 | 30.15 | STIL | STIL | DRUKKEND HEET | MET REGENVLAGEN | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55850 | |||||||
| 1853-12-29T13:00 | 2.17 | -20.28 | 342 | 1.0 | 1016.0 | 26.1 | 27.2 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 79.00 | 81.00 | 30.00 | VARIEREND-NOORDER | TOT EEN FRISSE KOELTE | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55851 | |||||||||||
| 1853-12-30T13:00 | 1.43 | -19.72 | 342 | 1.0 | 1019.4 | 27.8 | 27.6 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 82.00 | 81.75 | 30.10 | N | FLAUW EN STIL | ZWARE REGEN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55852 | ||||||||||
| 1853-12-31T14:00 | -0.02 | -19.30 | 342 | 1019.4 | 27.2 | 26.7 | -18 | 1 | 1 | 81.00 | 80.00 | 30.10 | N | VARIEREND | MET ZWARE REGENBUIEN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55853 |