Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -8.329798 * Median Longitude: 12.739495 * South-bound Latitude: -40.200000 * West-bound Longitude: -33.370000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.580000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000

Date/Time Start: 1849-07-06T20:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-10-13T05:00:00

Event(s):

Doctrina_et_Amicitia_18490706_O_REIS_15_P131-156 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -7.500000 * Longitude End: 101.850000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-07-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-10-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Doctrina Et Amicitia (Fregat), Voyage: Nieuwediep - Java, 1st Observer: P. J. Kerkhoven (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
14	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
15	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
17	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
18	Present weather	ww		Weather description
19	Precipitation description	Precip descr
20	State of the sea description	State sea descr
21	Cloud type	Cloud type
22	Clearness	Clearness
23	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
24	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
25	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
26	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
27	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
29	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30	Comment	Comment
31	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2104 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 - (1 If position is considered t...)	9 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	10 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	13 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	14 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	15 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	16 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	17 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	18 ww (Weather description)	19 Precip descr	20 State sea descr	21 Cloud type	22 Clearness	23 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	24 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	28 Hail (1 If hail was reported)	30 Comment	31 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1849-07-06T20:00	52.58	3.97	204	6.7	1022.8	17.8	1	PV	8	-21	4	64.00	30.20	ZW		4				V00		0	0	0		55578
1849-07-07T20:00	51.95	2.77	115	6.7			1	PV	8	-20	4			ZO		4				V00		0	0	0		55579
1849-07-08T20:00	51.37	1.73	214	9.3	1018.0	20.6	1	PV	8	-22	5	69.00	30.06	ZWTW		5					H01	0	0	0		55580
1849-07-09T20:00	50.82	1.15	113	6.7	1023.4	20.0	1	PV	8	-22	4	68.00	30.22	ZO	S00	4				V00		0	0	0		55581
1849-07-10T20:00	50.30	-1.85	79	2.6	1027.8	18.9	1	PV	8	-22	2	66.00	30.35	OTZ		2					H01	0	0	0		55582
1849-07-11T20:00	49.77	-4.28	77	6.7	1026.5	18.3	1	PV	8	-24	4	65.00	30.31	OTZ		4				V00		0	0	0		55583
1849-07-12T21:00	48.40	-8.85	108	12.3	1018.0	20.0		PV	8	-27	6	68.00	30.06	ZO		6		W20		V05		0	1	0		55584
1849-07-13T21:00	46.50	-10.88	21	6.7	1017.7	21.1		PV	8	-24	4	70.00	30.05	NO		4				V00		0	0	0		55585
1849-07-14T21:00	44.23	-12.50	336	9.3				PV	8	-24	5			N		5					H01	0	0	0		55586
1849-07-15T21:00	41.40	-14.28	325	9.3	1022.4	20.0		PV	8	-24	5	68.00	30.19	NTW		5				V00		0	0	0		55587
1849-07-16T21:00	38.78	-15.90	10	6.7	1022.1	20.6		PV	8	-24	4	69.00	30.18	NOTN		4				V00		0	0	0		55588
1849-07-17T21:00	36.87	-17.03	57	6.7	1022.4	21.7		PV	8	-22	4	71.00	30.19	OTN		4				V00		0	0	0		55589
1849-07-18T21:00	34.73	-17.95	90	4.6	1024.5	22.2		PV	8	-23	3	72.00	30.25	OZO		3				V04		0	0	0		55590
1849-07-19T21:00	33.30	-18.57	337	4.6	1022.8	23.9		PV	8	-23	3	75.00	30.20	N		3				V00		0	0	0		55591
1849-07-20T21:00	31.22	-19.37	47	6.7	1022.4	23.3		PV	8	-21	4	74.00	30.19	ONO		4						0	0	0		55592
1849-07-21T21:00	28.38	-20.58	47	12.3	1022.8	23.3		PV	8	-21	6	74.00	30.20	ONO		6				V01		0	0	0		55593
1849-07-22T21:00	24.95	-22.23	25	12.3	1022.8	23.9		PV	8	-20	6	75.00	30.20	NO		6					H01	0	0	0		55594
1849-07-23T22:00	21.65	-23.73	16	12.3	1024.5	23.9		PV	8	-18	6	75.00	30.25	NOTN		6				V01		0	0	0		55595
1849-07-24T22:00	18.73	-25.28	16	9.3	1020.0	25.0		PV	8	-18	5	77.00	30.12	NOTN		5						0	0	0		55596
1849-07-25T22:00	16.18	-26.12	73	6.7	1020.0	25.6		PV	8	-17	4	78.00	30.12	O		4				V00		0	0	0		55597
1849-07-26T22:00	13.67	-25.90	107	6.7	1022.4	27.8		PV	8	-17	4	82.00	30.19	ZOTO		4				V04		0	0	0		55598
1849-07-27T22:00	11.73	-24.98	52	9.3	1018.7	27.8		PV	8	-16	5	82.00	30.08	ONO		5				V10		0	0	0		55599
1849-07-28T22:00	10.43	-23.83	187	12.3	1018.4	28.9		PV	8	-16	6	84.00	30.07	ZZW		6		W20		V05		0	1	0		55600
1849-07-29T21:00	9.95	-20.83	173	6.7	1019.0	29.4		PV	8	-18	4	85.00	30.09	ZTW		4	W00, AFWISSELEND					1	0	0		55601
1849-07-30T21:00	9.18	-19.35	241	6.7	1019.7	27.2		PV	8	-18	4	81.00	30.11	WTZ		4	W00	W20				1	1	0		55602
1849-07-31T21:00	8.57	-17.87	185	9.3	1019.4	26.1		PV	8	-18	5	79.00	30.10	ZZW		5		W20		V07		0	1	0		55603
1849-08-01T21:00	8.35	-18.45	162	9.3	1019.4	27.2		PV	8	-18	5	81.00	30.10	Z		5		W20		V04		0	1	0		55604
1849-08-02T21:00	8.00	-20.23	173	12.3	1019.4	27.2		PV	8	-18	6	81.00	30.10	ZTW		6		W20		V07		0	1	0		55605
1849-08-03T21:00	7.60	-20.92	185	9.3	1019.4	27.2		PV	8	-18	5	81.00	30.10	ZZW		5				V00, V01		0	0	0		55606
1849-08-04T21:00	7.22	-21.38	174	9.3	1019.4	27.2		PV	8	-17	5	81.00	30.10	ZTW		5				V00		0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	55607
1849-08-05T21:00	6.60	-21.38	152	9.3	1018.7	27.2		PV	8	-17	5	81.00	30.08	ZTO		5				V04		0	0	0		55608
1849-08-06T22:00	5.82	-22.75	154	12.3	1016.0	27.2		PV	8	-15	6	81.00	30.00	ZTO	S01	6				V01		0	0	0		55609
1849-08-07T22:00	5.50	-22.72	176	9.3	1018.7	27.2		PV	8	-15	5	81.00	30.08	ZTW		5				V10		0	0	0		55610
1849-08-08T22:00	4.47	-24.10	154	6.7	1019.4	27.2		PV	8	-15	4	81.00	30.10	ZTO		4				V00		0	0	0		55611
1849-08-09T22:00	4.08	-24.40	165	6.7	1017.3	26.7		PV	8	-15	4	80.00	30.04	Z		4				V01		0	0	0		55612
1849-08-10T22:00	3.20	-25.87	143	4.6	1017.3	27.8		PV	8	-15	3	82.00	30.04	ZZO		3				V01		0	0	0		55613
1849-08-11T22:00	2.27	-27.27	143	6.7	1018.7	27.8		PV	8	-15	4	82.00	30.08	ZZO		4				V10		0	0	0		55614
1849-08-12T22:00	2.35	-26.53	143	9.3	1019.0	26.7		PV	8	-15	5	80.00	30.09	ZZO		5				V01		0	0	0		55615
1849-08-13T22:00	2.00	-26.05	120	9.3	1018.0	27.2		PV	8	-15	5	81.00	30.06	ZO		5				V01		0	0	0		55616
1849-08-14T22:00	-0.53	-27.70	112	6.7	1017.3	26.7		PV	8	-12	4	80.00	30.04	ZOTO		4				V01		0	0	0		55617
1849-08-15T22:00	-2.85	-28.73	113	9.3	1017.7	26.1		PV	8	-11	5	79.00	30.05	ZOTO		5				V10		0	0	0		55618
1849-08-16T22:00	-5.33	-29.43	102	9.3	1018.7	26.1		PV	8	-11	5	79.00	30.08	OZO		5	AFWISSELEND					0	0	0		55619
1849-08-17T22:00	-7.82	-29.88	102	6.7	1020.4	28.3		PV	8	-11	4	83.00	30.13	OZO		4				V00		0	0	0		55620
1849-08-18T22:00	-10.45	-30.40	113	6.7	1018.7	27.8		PV	8	-11	4	82.00	30.08	ZOTO		4				V00		0	0	0		55621
1849-08-19T22:00	-12.55	-32.03	148	12.3	1021.1	26.1		PV	8	-10	6	79.00	30.15	ZZO		6				V10		0	0	0		55622
1849-08-20T22:00	-14.57	-33.35	106	9.3	1021.1	25.6		PV	8	-7	5	78.00	30.15	OZO		5				V00		0	0	0		55623
1849-08-21T22:00	-16.90	-33.37	83	6.7	1022.4	25.0		PV	8	-7	4	77.00	30.19	O		4				V00		0	0	0		55624
1849-08-22T22:00	-19.05	-31.72	47	9.3	1021.7	24.4		PV	8	-9	5	76.00	30.17	NOTO		5				V04		0	0	0		55625
1849-08-23T22:00	-20.77	-29.08	59	9.3	1025.1	23.9		PV	8	-9	5	75.00	30.27	ONO		5				V04		0	0	0		55626
1849-08-24T22:00	-22.58	-27.32	56	6.7	1025.8	23.3		PV	8	-12	4	74.00	30.29	ONO		4				V04, V10		0	0	0		55627
1849-08-25T22:00	-24.45	-25.70	33	12.3	1026.1	22.8		PV	8	-12	6	73.00	30.30	NO		6	W00					1	0	0		55628
1849-08-26T22:00	-26.63	-23.47	337	2.6	1027.2	23.3		PV	8	-12	2	74.00	30.33	NTW		2				V00		0	0	0		55629
1849-08-27T21:00	-27.67	-22.07	189	12.3	1025.5	21.7		PV	8	-14	6	71.00	30.28	ZZW		6				V01		0	0	0		55630
1849-08-28T21:00	-29.52	-19.42	189	9.3	1026.5	18.9		PV	8	-14	5	66.00	30.31	ZZW	S01	5				V00		0	0	0		55631
1849-08-29T21:00	-31.23	-17.20	253	9.3	1026.1	18.9		PV	8	-17	5	66.00	30.30	W	ZW	5		W20	Z01	V10		0	1	0		55632
1849-08-30T21:00	-31.53	-15.97	141	15.4	1020.7	17.8		PV	8	-17	7	64.00	30.14	ZZO		7		W20		V05		0	1	0		55633
1849-08-31T21:00	-31.17	-13.30	163	12.3	1024.5	16.1		PV	8	-17	6	61.00	30.25	Z		6				V00		0	0	0		55634
1849-09-01T21:00	-32.13	-10.80	183	9.3	1021.1	15.6		PV	8	-20	5	60.00	30.15	ZZW		5				V01, V10		0	0	0		55635
1849-09-02T21:00	-32.03	-7.75	138	9.3	1016.0	13.3		PV	8	-20	5	56.00	30.00	ZZO		5				V04		0	0	0		55636
1849-09-03T20:00	-33.12	-5.07	182	9.3	1014.6	16.1		PV	8	-21	5	61.00	29.96	ZZW	S01	5						0	0	0		55637
1849-09-04T20:00	-33.05	-2.80	103	4.6	1014.6	16.1		PV	8	-21	3	61.00	29.96	ZOTO		3				V01		0	0	0		55638
1849-09-05T20:00	-34.98	-3.23	92	9.3	1032.9	15.6		PV	8	-21	5	60.00	30.50	OZO		5				V00		0	0	0		55639
1849-09-06T20:00	-36.33	-1.63	325	12.3	1024.5	15.6		PV	8	-24	6	60.00	30.25	NTW		6					H01	0	0	0		55640
1849-09-07T20:00	-37.58	3.02	290	19.0	1004.1	15.6		PV	8	-25	8	60.00	29.65	NW		8			Z01			0	0	0		55641
1849-09-08T19:00	-38.70	7.85	198	19.0	1004.1	13.3		PV	8	-27	8	56.00	29.65	ZW		8				V10		0	0	0		55642
1849-09-09T19:00	-39.07	11.42	187	9.3	1016.0	12.8		PV	8	-27	5	55.00	30.00	ZWTZ		5						0	0	0		55643
1849-09-10T19:00	-39.32	14.38	264	12.3	1015.0	12.2		PV	8	-29	6	54.00	29.97	WNW		6			Z01	V10		0	0	0		55644
1849-09-11T19:00	-39.08	19.20	263	19.0	1015.6	15.6		PV	8	-30	8	60.00	29.99	WNW		8		W20		V10, V01		0	1	0		55645
1849-09-12T18:00	-39.28	24.62	329	22.6	1016.0	16.7		PV	8	-31	9	62.00	30.00	N		9					H02	0	0	0		55646
1849-09-13T18:00	-39.42	29.45	318	19.0	1009.9	17.2		PV	8	-31	8	63.00	29.82	NTW		8				V01		0	0	0		55647
1849-09-14T18:00	-39.32	32.95	115	12.3	1023.4	15.0		PV	8	-31	6	59.00	30.22	ZOTZ		6					H02	0	0	0		55648
1849-09-15T18:00	-38.12	36.92	104	9.3	1032.9	13.9		PV	8	-31	5	57.00	30.50	ZO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55649
1849-09-16T17:00	-38.50	38.73	26	12.3	1027.5	13.3		PV	8	-30	6	56.00	30.34	NOTO		6				V01		0	0	0		55650
1849-09-17T17:00	-39.17	43.72	297	19.0	1020.0	15.0		PV	8	-29	8	59.00	30.12	NWTN		8			Z01	V01		0	0	0		55651
1849-09-18T17:00	-39.55	49.62	265	26.8	998.0	15.6		PV	8	-28	10	60.00	29.47	WNW		10	W02, STORMWEER	W20	Z02			1	1	0		55652
1849-09-19T16:00	-39.95	54.08	243	19.0	1009.2	13.9		PV	8	-27	8	57.00	29.80	W		8	W00	W20, W26	Z01	V13		1	1	1		55653
1849-09-20T16:00	-40.15	58.13	244	12.3	1006.2	12.2		PV	8	-26	6	54.00	29.71	W		6		W20		V05		0	1	0		55654
1849-09-21T16:00	-40.07	60.97	188	15.4	1000.1	13.3		PV	8	-26	7	56.00	29.53	ZWTZ		7				V10		0	0	0		55655
1849-09-22T16:00	-40.08	64.98	211	6.7	1016.7	11.1		PV	8	-25	4	52.00	30.02	ZWTW		4				V10		0	0	0		55656
1849-09-23T15:00	-40.08	68.88	201	9.3	1013.3	12.2		PV	8	-24	5	54.00	29.92	ZW		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55657
1849-09-24T15:00	-40.20	72.67	303	19.0	1007.5	12.2		PV	8	-23	8	54.00	29.75	NWTN		8				V10		0	0	0		55658
1849-09-25T15:00	-39.32	77.53	214	19.0	1011.9	11.7		PV	8	-22	8	53.00	29.88	ZWTW		8	W00	W20		V04		1	1	0		55659
1849-09-26T15:00	-38.00	81.10	226	15.4	1014.3	11.7		PV	8	-22	7	53.00	29.95	WZW		7				V04		0	0	0		55660
1849-09-27T14:00	-36.75	85.22	232	12.3	1022.1	11.7		PV	8	-16	6	53.00	30.18	WZW		6				V01		0	0	0		55661
1849-09-28T14:00	-35.83	88.33	233	9.3	1024.8	12.8		PV	8	-15	5	55.00	30.26	WZW		5	W00	W20				1	1	0		55662
1849-09-29T14:00	-34.63	91.78	210	12.3	1023.4	13.3		PV	8	-15	6	56.00	30.22	ZW		6			Z01	V01		0	0	0		55663
1849-09-30T14:00	-33.25	94.95	235	6.7	1028.5	13.3		PV	8	-13	4	56.00	30.37	WZW	S01	4				V04		0	0	0		55664
1849-10-01T13:00	-32.47	97.87	306	12.3	1026.5	13.9		PV	8	-9	6	57.00	30.31	NW		6				V04		0	0	0		55665
1849-10-02T13:00	-30.15	100.98	284	9.3	1024.5	15.6		PV	8	-9	5	60.00	30.25	WNW		5				V01		0	0	0		55666
1849-10-03T13:00	-28.27	101.70	295	4.6	1022.8	17.2		PV	8	-9	3	63.00	30.20	NWTW		3				V00		0	0	0		55667
1849-10-04T13:00	-27.95	101.90	14	2.6	1022.8	18.9		PV	8	-9	2	66.00	30.20	NNO		2					H00	0	0	0		55668
1849-10-05T13:00	-27.67	103.12	353	4.6	1021.4	20.0		PV	8	-7	3	68.00	30.16	N		3				V00		0	0	0		55669
1849-10-06T13:00	-26.30	103.88	276	6.7	1021.4	20.6		PV	8	-5	4	69.00	30.16	WTN		4				V00		0	0	0		55670
1849-10-07T13:00	-24.13	103.92	130	9.3	1024.1	21.7		PV	8	-5	5	71.00	30.24	ZO		5				V01, V10		0	0	0		55671
1849-10-08T13:00	-21.05	103.38	98	12.3	1024.1	22.2		PV	8	-3	6	72.00	30.24	OTZ		6						0	0	0		55672
1849-10-09T13:00	-17.42	103.73	112	12.3	1021.1	23.3		PV	8	-1	6	74.00	30.15	OZO		6				V01		0	0	0		55673
1849-10-10T13:00	-13.53	104.38	112	12.3	1019.4	25.0		PV	8	-1	6	77.00	30.10	OZO		6				V01		0	0	0		55674
1849-10-11T13:00	-10.05	105.00	124	12.3	1018.4	26.7		PV	8	0	6	80.00	30.07	ZOTO		6				V00		0	0	0		55675
1849-10-12T00:00	-6.60		158				1	PV	8					ZZO						V00		0	0	0		55676
1849-10-13T05:00	-6.10	106.86					1			1												0	0	0		55677