Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -1.651683 * Median Longitude: 8.936139 * South-bound Latitude: -35.670000 * West-bound Longitude: -39.900000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.150000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.330000

Date/Time Start: 1848-06-26T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-10-09T00:00:00

Event(s):

Doctrina_et_Amicitia_18480626_O_REIS_15_P131-156 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-06-26T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-10-09T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Doctrina Et Amicitia (Fregat), Voyage: Batavia - Nieuwediep, 1st Observer: P. J. Kerkhoven (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
10	Landmark	Landmark		Name of second landmark
11	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the second landmark
12	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
14	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
15	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
16	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
17	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
18	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
19	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
20	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
21	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
22	Present weather	ww		Weather description
23	Precipitation description	Precip descr
24	State of the sea description	State sea descr
25	Cloud type	Cloud type
26	Clearness	Clearness
27	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
28	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
29	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
30	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
31	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
32	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
33	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
34	Comment	Comment
35	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2181 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	10 Landmark (Name of second landmark)	11 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark)	12 - (1 If position is considered t...)	13 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	14 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	15 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	16 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	17 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	18 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	19 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	20 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	21 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	22 ww (Weather description)	23 Precip descr	24 State sea descr	25 Cloud type	26 Clearness	27 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	28 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	29 Fog (1 If fog was reported)	34 Comment	35 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1848-06-26T00:00			248	9.3			TOPPERSHOEDJE	WZW	P. PANJANG W-HOEK	ZO	1				5			WZW		5						0	0	0		55473
1848-06-27T00:00			203	4.6			CRACATAU	NO 3/4 O	PRINSEN EILAND	ZTO	1				3			ZZW		3						0	0	0		55474
1848-06-28T13:00	-7.32	103.33	91	9.3								PV	8	1	5			O		5				V03		0	0	0		55475
1848-06-29T13:00	-8.63	100.47	124	9.3								PV	8	0	5			ZOTO		5				V04		0	0	0		55476
1848-06-30T14:00	-9.80	97.37	112	9.3	1016.0	27.8						PV	8	-1	5	82.00	30.00	OZO		5			Z00	V00, V04		0	0	0		55477
1848-07-01T14:00	-11.03	93.92	134	12.3	1016.0	27.8						PV	8	-1	6	82.00	30.00	ZO		6				V01		0	0	0		55478
1848-07-02T14:00	-12.52	92.18	121	15.4								PV	8	-3	7			ZOTO		7				V05, V04		0	0	0		55479
1848-07-03T14:00	-14.45	87.23	121	12.3	1018.4	26.1						PV	8	-3	6	79.00	30.07	ZOTO		6				V00, V04		0	0	0		55480
1848-07-04T14:00	-16.13	83.87	155	12.3	1018.7	24.4						PV	8	-3	6	76.00	30.08	ZZO		6				V10		0	0	0		55481
1848-07-05T15:00	-17.57	80.67	152	15.4	1020.7	23.9						PV	8	-6	7	75.00	30.14	ZZO		7				V10		0	0	0		55482
1848-07-06T15:00	-18.87	79.68	152	15.4	1021.7	23.3						PV	8	-6	7	74.00	30.17	ZZO		7				V05		0	0	0		55483
1848-07-07T15:00	-20.32	74.90	151	9.3	1023.1	22.8						PV	8	-7	5	73.00	30.21	ZZO		5				V10		0	0	0		55484
1848-07-08T15:00	-21.53	73.08	139	12.3	1023.1	22.2						PV	8	-7	6	72.00	30.21	ZOTZ		6	W00	W20		V10		1	1	0		55485
1848-07-09T15:00	-22.38	68.77	127	9.3	1024.8	22.2						PV	8	-8	5	72.00	30.26	ZO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55486
1848-07-10T16:00	-22.97	67.32	89	9.3	1023.8	21.7						PV	8	-12	5	71.00	30.23	OTZ		5				V04		0	0	0		55487
1848-07-11T16:00	-23.48	64.20	157	4.6	1023.8	22.8						PV	8	-12	3	73.00	30.23	ZTO		3				V05, V10		0	0	0		55488
1848-07-12T16:00	-23.73	64.45	179	6.7	1022.8	22.2						PV	8	-12	4	72.00	30.20	ZTW		4				V10		0	0	0		55489
1848-07-13T16:00	-24.38	60.50	145	15.4	1024.1	22.2						PV	8	-13	7	72.00	30.24	ZZO		7				V03		0	0	0		55490
1848-07-14T16:00	-25.03	57.58	122	6.7	1029.9	20.6						PV	8	-13	4	69.00	30.41	ZO		4				V05		0	0	0		55491
1848-07-15T16:00	-25.68	55.50	120	6.7	1032.2	21.1						PV	8	-15	4	70.00	30.48	ZO		4				V04		0	0	0		55492
1848-07-16T16:00	-26.18	54.62	41	6.7	1029.5	21.1						PV	8	-15	4	70.00	30.40	NOTO		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		55493
1848-07-17T17:00	-29.13	52.37	182	12.3	1023.4	21.7						PV	8	-21	6	71.00	30.22	ZZW		6	W00		Z00	V07		1	0	0		55494
1848-07-18T17:00	-27.70	49.78	137	9.3	1026.1	20.0						PV	8	-21	5	68.00	30.30	ZZO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55495
1848-07-19T17:00	-28.52	46.10	79	12.3	1032.9	20.0						PV	8	-22	6	68.00	30.50	OTZ		6			Z00	V04		0	0	0		55496
1848-07-20T17:00	-29.87	42.40	21	15.4	1025.8	20.6						PV	8	-24	7	69.00	30.29	NO		7				V00		0	0	0		55497
1848-07-21T17:00	-30.68	39.93	212	1.0	1026.1	21.1						PV	8	-24	1	70.00	30.30	ZWTW		1				V00		0	0	0		55498
1848-07-22T17:00	-30.47	39.18	336	9.3	1027.5	21.1						PV	8	-24	5	70.00	30.34	N		5				V04		0	0	0		55499
1848-07-23T18:00	-31.05	36.73	132	15.4	1028.5	20.0						PV	8	-26	7	68.00	30.37	ZZO	W	7			Z01	V01		0	0	0		55500
1848-07-24T18:00	-31.45	33.80	8	9.3	1033.9	20.0						PV	8	-26	5	68.00	30.53	NOTN		5				V05		0	0	0		55501
1848-07-25T18:00	-33.00	30.57	297	2.6	1028.2	22.2						PV	8	-29	2	72.00	30.36	NWTN	S00	2	W10			V01		0	0	1		55502
1848-07-26T18:00	-33.53	29.50	16	9.3	1025.8	22.2						PV	8	-29	5	72.00	30.29	NO		5					H01	0	0	0		55503
1848-07-27T18:00	-34.98	25.97	218	15.4	1010.9	21.7						PV	8	-30	7	71.00	29.85	WZW		7			Z01	V07		0	0	0		55504
1848-07-28T18:00	-35.15	25.67	240	19.0	1018.7	17.2						PV	8	-30	8	63.00	30.08	W		8	W01					1	0	0		55505
1848-07-29T18:00	-34.98	24.42	83	12.3	1026.8	16.1						PV	8	-30	6	61.00	30.32	OZO		6		W20		V05		0	1	0		55506
1848-07-30T19:00	-35.67	20.25	140	4.6	1032.2	17.2						PV	8	-29	3	63.00	30.48	ZTO		3						0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	55507
1848-07-31T19:00	-35.15	19.23	106	12.3	1026.8	16.1						PV	8	-29	6	61.00	30.32	WNW-ZO		6		W20		V04, V10		0	1	0		55508
1848-08-01T19:00	-34.80	17.40	219	6.7	1024.8	15.0						PV	8	-29	4	59.00	30.26	WZW		4				V04		0	0	0		55509
1848-08-02T19:00	-33.67	15.65	207	9.3	1024.1	16.1						PV	8	-29	5	61.00	30.24	ZWTW		5				V01		0	0	0		55510
1848-08-03T19:00	-32.05	13.55	242	2.6	1021.1	16.1						PV	8	-28	2	61.00	30.15	W		2				V00		0	0	0		55511
1848-08-04T19:00	-30.92	14.42	310	9.3	1020.7	15.6						PV	8	-28	5	60.00	30.14	NNW		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55512
1848-08-05T19:00	-30.35	13.67	310	6.7	1017.7	17.2						PV	8	-28	4	63.00	30.05	NNW	WNW	4			Z01	V10		0	0	0		55513
1848-08-06T19:00	-30.52	13.13	118	6.7	1022.1	17.2						PV	8	-28	4	63.00	30.18	OMLOPEND-ZOTZ		4				V07		0	0	0		55514
1848-08-07T19:00	-30.10	12.00	277	15.4	1011.2	16.7						PV	8	-27	7	62.00	29.86	NWTW		7			Z01			0	0	0		55515
1848-08-08T19:00	-29.50	13.00	276	19.0	1002.4	16.1						PV	8	-28	8	61.00	29.60	NWTW		8		W20		V05		0	1	0		55516
1848-08-09T19:00	-28.63	12.28	198	2.6	1021.7	16.1						PV	8	-27	2	61.00	30.17	ZW		2				V00		0	0	0		55517
1848-08-10T19:00	-27.40	10.07	131	9.3	1024.8	16.7						PV	8	-27	5	62.00	30.26	ZZO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55518
1848-08-11T19:00	-25.90	7.68	119	9.3	1023.1	16.1						PV	8	-27	5	61.00	30.21	ZOTZ		5				V05		0	0	0		55519
1848-08-12T20:00	-24.33	5.07	109	9.3	1024.1	17.2						PV	8	-26	5	63.00	30.24	ZO		5	W00	W20		V01		1	1	0		55520
1848-08-13T20:00	-22.67	2.38	88	9.3	1024.8	17.8						PV	8	-25	5	64.00	30.26	OZO		5				V05		0	0	0		55521
1848-08-14T20:00	-21.00	-0.02	89	6.7	1023.1	19.4						PV	8	-24	4	67.00	30.21	OZO		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		55522
1848-08-15T20:00	-19.50	-1.80	100	6.7	1024.1	18.9						PV	8	-24	4	66.00	30.24	ZOTO		4				V05		0	0	0		55523
1848-08-16T20:00	-17.90	-3.98	101	9.3	1024.1	18.9						PV	8	-23	5	66.00	30.24	ZOTO		5				V04		0	0	0		55524
1848-08-17T20:00	-15.77	-5.63			1024.1	19.4					1	PV	8	-23		67.00	30.24									0	0	0		55525
1848-08-19T21:00	-14.65	-7.52	103	6.7	1022.8	20.6						PV	8	-21	4	69.00	30.20	ZOTO		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		55526
1848-08-20T21:00	-13.15	-9.20	103	4.6	1022.8	21.1						PV	8	-21	3	70.00	30.20	ZOTO		3				V04		0	0	0		55527
1848-08-21T21:00	-11.63	-10.78	114	6.7	1021.7	22.2						PV	8	-21	4	72.00	30.17	ZO		4				V01		0	0	0		55528
1848-08-22T21:00	-10.47	-12.13	125	4.6	1023.1	23.3						PV	8	-21	3	74.00	30.21	ZOTZ		3				V04		0	0	0		55529
1848-08-23T21:00	-9.05	-13.42	139	9.3	1022.8	23.9						PV	8	-19	5	75.00	30.20	ZZO		5				V01		0	0	0		55530
1848-08-24T21:00	-7.57	-14.08	105	4.6	1021.4	23.9						PV	8	-19	3	75.00	30.16	ZOTO		3						0	0	0		55531
1848-08-25T21:00	-6.47	-17.15	71	6.7	1021.4	24.4						PV	8	-19	4	76.00	30.16	O		4				V01		0	0	0		55532
1848-08-26T21:00	-4.70	-18.88	107	9.3	1021.7	25.0						PV	8	-17	5	77.00	30.17	ZOTO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55533
1848-08-27T21:00	-2.62	-20.45	118	9.3	1022.1	25.0						PV	8	-17	5	77.00	30.18	ZO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55534
1848-08-28T21:00	-0.23	-21.50	141	9.3	1021.1	25.0						PV	8	-17	5	77.00	30.15	ZZO		5				V04		0	0	0		55535
1848-08-29T21:00	2.23	-22.25	141	9.3	1020.0	25.6						PV	8	-17	5	78.00	30.12	ZZO		5				V04		0	0	0		55536
1848-08-30T22:00	4.52	-22.63	154	6.7	1018.7	26.7						PV	8	-15	4	80.00	30.08	ZTO		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		55537
1848-08-31T22:00	6.83	-22.82	199	9.3	1018.7	26.7						PV	8	-15	5	80.00	30.08	ZWTZ		5	AFWISSELEND					0	0	0		55538
1848-09-01T22:00	9.78	-23.32	254	9.3								PV	8	-16	5			W		5				V10		0	0	0		55539
1848-09-02T22:00	11.38	-23.37	322	12.3	1016.0	26.1						PV	8	-16	6	79.00	30.00	NNW		6		W20		V04, V10		0	1	0		55540
1848-09-03T22:00	11.27	-24.10	299	12.3								PV	8	-16	6			NW		6				V10		0	0	0		55541
1848-09-04T22:00	11.97	-24.12	254	1.0								PV	8	-16	1			W		1				V00, V04		0	0	0		55542
1848-09-05T22:00	12.60	-24.68	197	2.6	1016.0	29.4						PV	8	-17	2	85.00	30.00	ZWTZ		2				V04		0	0	0		55543
1848-09-06T22:00	13.33	-25.08	343	1.0	1016.0	28.9						PV	8	-17	1	84.00	30.00	N		1	AFWISSELEND			V04		0	0	0		55544
1848-09-07T22:00	13.93	-25.80	276	15.4	1016.0	27.2						PV	8	-17	7	81.00	30.00	WNW		7		W20		V06		0	1	0		55545
1848-09-08T22:00	14.77	-26.12	309	6.7	1012.9	27.8						PV	8	-17	4	82.00	29.91	NWTN		4				V07		0	0	0		55546
1848-09-09T22:00	15.45	-26.47	208	4.6	1013.3	27.8						PV	8	-17	3	82.00	29.92	ZW		3				V00, V04		0	0	0		55547
1848-09-10T22:00	16.63	-27.68	86	12.3	1012.6	27.8						PV	8	-15	6	82.00	29.90	OTZ		6		W20		V10		0	1	0		55548
1848-09-11T22:00	19.40	-28.88	52	9.3	1017.0	27.2						PV	8	-16	5	81.00	30.03	ONO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55549
1848-09-12T22:00	21.95	-30.10	29	9.3	1016.0	26.7						PV	8	-16	5	80.00	30.00	NO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55550
1848-09-13T22:00	24.75	-31.83	50	9.3	1022.1	26.7						PV	8	-18	5	80.00	30.18	ONO		5				V00		0	0	0		55551
1848-09-14T22:00	27.30	-33.10	29	4.6	1025.1	26.7						PV	8	-16	3	80.00	30.27	NO		3				V00		0	0	0		55552
1848-09-15T22:00	28.32	-34.37	4	6.7	1023.8	27.2						PV	8	-19	4	81.00	30.23	NNO		4				V00		0	0	0		55553
1848-09-16T22:00	29.93	-36.18	26	9.3	1019.4	27.2						PV	8	-19	5	81.00	30.10	NO		5				V00		0	0	0		55554
1848-09-17T22:00	32.40	-37.22	26	9.3	1028.2	27.2						PV	8	-19	5	81.00	30.36	NO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55555
1848-09-18T23:00	34.82	-38.72	25	6.7	1030.2	26.7						PV	8	-20	4	80.00	30.42	NO		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		55556
1848-09-19T23:00	36.33	-39.63	48	2.6	1027.8	27.2						PV	8	-20	2	81.00	30.35	ONO		2				V00		0	0	0		55557
1848-09-20T23:00	36.98	-39.90		0.0	1024.8	27.8						PV	8	-20		82.00	30.26		S01	STIL						0	0	0		55558
1848-09-21T23:00	37.25	-39.17	25	9.3	1026.8	24.4						PV	8	-20	5	76.00	30.32	NO	S01	5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55559
1848-09-22T23:00	39.08	-39.88	66	6.7	1032.9	21.7						PV	8	-24	4	71.00	30.50	O		4				V04		0	0	0		55560
1848-09-23T23:00	40.60	-39.07	89	9.3	1033.6	22.8						PV	8	-24	5	73.00	30.52	OZO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55561
1848-09-24T22:00	41.97	-36.97	144	9.3	1029.2	23.3						PV	8	-25	5	74.00	30.39	ZTO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		55562
1848-09-25T22:00	42.98	-33.80	219	6.7	1024.5	23.3						PV	8	-29	4	74.00	30.25	WZW		4				V04		0	0	0		55563
1848-09-26T22:00	43.38	-30.85	354	12.3	1020.7	20.0						PV	8	-29	6	68.00	30.14	NNO		6				V04		0	0	0		55564
1848-09-27T22:00	43.78	-30.50	362	1.0	1022.8	20.6						PV	8	-29	1	69.00	30.20	OMLOPEND		1		W20		V05		0	1	0		55565
1848-09-28T22:00	44.30	-29.25	106	4.6	1024.5	20.0						PV	8	-29	3	68.00	30.25	ZO		3		W20		V04		0	1	0		55566
1848-09-29T22:00	44.60	-28.27	309	4.6	1024.5	20.0						PV	8	-29	3	68.00	30.25	W-NNW		3				V06		0	0	0		55567
1848-09-30T22:00	45.32	-25.77	332	12.3	1016.0	18.9						PV	8	-28	6	66.00	30.00	N		6				V05	H10	0	0	0		55568
1848-10-01T21:00	46.08	-22.27	277	12.3	1012.6	16.1						PV	8	-27	6	61.00	29.90	NWTW		6				V04, V10		0	0	0		55569
1848-10-02T21:00	47.22	-17.82	221	9.3	1005.8	15.0						PV	8	-27	5	59.00	29.70	WZW		5	W00	W20		V05		1	1	0		55570
1848-10-03T21:00	48.25	-13.67	185	15.4	999.1	17.2						PV	8	-29	7	63.00	29.50	ZWTZ		7				V10		0	0	0		55571
1848-10-04T21:00	48.83	-9.10	198	19.0	1010.9	18.3						PV	8	-27	8	65.00	29.85	ZW		8	W10			V04		0	0	1		55572
1848-10-05T20:00	49.63	-4.53	178	9.3	1023.8	18.3					1	PV	8	-25	5	65.00	30.23	ZZW		5				V00		0	0	0		55573
1848-10-06T00:00	50.53		158	4.6	1024.8	18.3						PV	8		3	65.00	30.26	ZZO		3				V00		0	0	0		55574
1848-10-07T20:00	50.77	0.82	362	1.0							1	PV	8	-22	1			OMLOPEND		1					H01	0	0	0		55575
1848-10-08T20:00	51.15	1.72	203	6.7	1020.7	18.3					1	PV	8	-22	4	65.00	30.14	ZW		4				V00		0	0	0		55576
1848-10-09T00:00											1															0	0	0		55577