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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during DEFENCE cruise from Equator to Rio started at 1782-03-30 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.748466, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -12.097000 * Median Longitude: -28.953000 * South-bound Latitude: -23.150000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.270000 * North-bound Latitude: 0.250000 * East-bound Longitude: -17.420000
Date/Time Start: 1782-03-30T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1782-04-28T15:00:00
Event(s):
Defence_17820330_NMM_ADM/L/D31B * Latitude Start: 0.250000 * Longitude Start: -17.420000 * Latitude End: -23.370000 * Longitude End: -43.120000 * Date/Time Start: 1782-03-30T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1782-04-28T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Defence (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Equator - Rio, 1st Observer: Thomas Newnham (Captain), 2nd Observer: William Wall (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 74G 1604BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15 Current speed descriptionV descr
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
571 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
15 
V descr
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
Precip descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1782-03-30T13:000.25-17.42331.0CAPE FRIOS45W664S54E29.00-12SSW, NELIGHT AIRS, 2PM CALMRAINHAZY010000049651
1782-03-31T13:00-0.02-17.901942.6CAPE FRIOS43W635S60W40.00-9NW, SSWLIGHT BREEZES, AT 4PM LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS000000049652
1782-04-01T13:000.03-18.47306CAPE FRIOS42W622S86W34.00-9VARIABLE, NWSET WNW1LIGHT AIRS, AT 11 AM CALM, AT 12 SQUALLYAT 8 HEAVY RAIN, AT 12 HARD RAINFAIR WEATHER010000049653
1782-04-02T13:000.00-19.153621.0CAPE FRIOS40W618S87W41.00-9SSE, VARIABLELIGHT AIRSRAINHAZY010000049654
1782-04-03T13:00-0.75-19.701492.6CAPE FRIOS38W618S37W56.00-9SEBE, SSELIGHT BREEZESFAIR000000049655
1782-04-04T13:00-1.43-19.87922.6CAPE FRIOS42W585S14W44.00-9EBSLIGHT BREEZESCLEAR000000049656
1782-04-05T13:00-2.02-20.303621.0ASCENSIONS47E184S37W45.00-9SEBS, SE, VARIABLELIGHT AIRSCLEAR WEATHER000000049657
1782-04-06T13:00-3.05-20.821276.7CAPE FRIOS42W550S27W69.00-8SEBS, SEMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER000000049658
1782-04-07T13:00-4.42-21.701386.7ASCENSIONS68E170S33W98.00-8SSE, SEBSMODERATE BREEZESFAIR WEATHER000000049659
1782-04-08T13:00-5.57-22.481386.7ASCENSIONS74E183S39W89.00-8SEBSMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY000000049660
1782-04-09T14:00-7.22-23.821409.3CAPE FRIOS45W449S35W121.00-6SEBSFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY000000049661
1782-04-10T14:00-8.53-24.421196.7CAPE FRIOS45W413S40W104.00-5SE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR000000049662
1782-04-11T14:00-10.18-26.121306.7TRINIDADS20W218S37W124.00-5SEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR000000049663
1782-04-12T14:00-11.82-27.671336.7TRINIDADS16W179S43W134.00-2EBS, SEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR000000049664
1782-04-13T14:00-13.58-29.37899.3TRINIDADS7W137S43W145.00-1ENE, EFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYSMALL RAIN010000049665
1782-04-14T14:00-14.68-30.251126.7TRINIDADS114S38W84.00-1ENE, ESEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR000000049666
1782-04-15T14:00-15.45-31.03672.6TRINIDADS8E100S45W66.00-1NE, ENELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER000000049667
1782-04-16T14:00-16.35-31.87676.7TRINIDADS20E87S41W73.00-1NE, ENEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER000000049668
1782-04-17T14:00-17.35-33.2716.7CAPE FRIOS53W153S52W91.001VARIABLE, NW, NMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER000000049669
1782-04-18T14:00-18.45-33.783626.7CAPE FRIOS53W153S28W68.002NNE, SWBS, VARIABLEMODERATE BREEZESRAIN010000049670
1782-04-19T14:00-19.22-33.901376.7CAPE FRIOS60W155S48W69.002SWBS, SEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER000000049671
1782-04-20T14:00-19.33-33.532102.6CAPE FRIOS59W146S78W34.002SSW, SE, SSW1/2WLIGHT BREEZESCLEAR000000049672
1782-04-21T14:00-19.63-34.331601.0CAPE FRIOS59W133S63W40.002SE, SSELIGHT AIRSCLEAR WEATHER000000049673
1782-04-22T14:00-20.13-35.45922.6CAPE FRIOS57W109S62W70.002SEBS, ELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000049674
1782-04-23T14:00-20.98-37.221486.7CAPE FRIOS51W70S63W112.002SEBSMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR000000049675
1782-04-24T15:00-21.75-38.451406.7CAPE FRIOS54W43S56W90.005EBN, SEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER000000049676
1782-04-25T15:00-23.00-41.1062RIO JANERION87W33S63W166.006NNE, SWBS, NEBESQUALLYRAIN010000049677
1782-04-26T15:00-22.80-41.65242CAPE FRIOS72W13N63W31.006SSW, VARIABLE, SWBWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, AT 12 SQUALLY000000049678
1782-04-27T15:00-22.33-41.282306.7CAPE FRIOS55W6N36E35.005N, SWMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY000000049679
1782-04-28T15:00-23.15-42.27291.0CAPE FRIOS51W21S48W73.006ENE, NE, NNELIGHT AIRSHAZY WEATHER000000049680