Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 7.708333 * Median Longitude: 78.123333 * South-bound Latitude: 6.070000 * West-bound Longitude: 76.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 10.130000 * East-bound Longitude: 82.000000

Date/Time Start: 1759-04-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1759-04-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

Cumberland_17590408_NMM_ADM/L/C257 * Latitude Start: 18.500000 * Longitude Start: 72.820000 * Latitude End: 10.830000 * Longitude End: 80.000000 * Date/Time Start: 1759-04-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1759-04-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Cumberland (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Bombay - Nagapatram, 1st Observer: Robert Kirk (Captain), 2nd Observer: Henry Lewis (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 66G 1400BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
15	Present weather	ww		Weather description
16	Precipitation description	Precip descr
17	Clearness	Clearness
18	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
19	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
20	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
21	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
22	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
24	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25	Comment	Comment
26	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

386 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	15 ww (Weather description)	16 Precip descr	17 Clearness	19 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	25 Comment	26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1759-04-08T00:00				9.3	OLD WOMANS ISLAND	NBE	8					SEA AND LAND BREEZES	FRESH BREEZES	FAIR			0	0		47267
1759-04-09T00:00	17.72		135	9.3	THE EXTENT OF LAND	NBE - SEBS	5					SW, SWBS, SBW, SBE, SE	FRESH BREEZES	FAIR			0	0		47268
1759-04-10T00:00	16.42		315	9.3	GARCIA FORT	NE	6					NNW, NW	FRESH BREEZES	FAIR			0	0		47269
1759-04-11T00:00	15.08		360	9.3	GARWAR	SEBE	7					WBN, NW, NBW, N	FRESH BREEZES	FAIR			0	0		47270
1759-04-12T00:00	13.52		315	9.3	PIGEON ISLAND	SSE	2					NNW, N, NW	FRESH BREEZES	FAIR			0	0		47271
1759-04-13T00:00	12.17		23	9.3	THE EXTENT OF LAND	SE	6					NNW, N, NNE	FRESH BREEZES	FAIR			0	0		47272
1759-04-14T00:00	10.77		270	0.0	MOUNT DELLA	NE	9					W, WSW, W, CALM, W	FIRST PART MODERATE, MID SQUALLY, LATTER CALM	FAIR	RAIN		1	0		47273
1759-04-15T00:00	11.02		11	6.7	MUSTER HILL	NEBN	7					WBS, NNW, NBE	MODERATE	FAIR			0	0		47274
1759-04-16T07:00	10.13	76.00	89	1.0	COCHIN	NE	7				-1	WNW, WBS, WSW, CALMS, E	FIRST AND MID PART MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS	FAIR			0	0		47275
1759-04-17T07:00	8.67	76.62	362	6.7	THE RED CLIFFS	ESE	4	1			-1	WNW, NW, WBS, VARIABLE	FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MID SQUALLY	THUNDER AND LIGHTNING	RAIN	CLOUDY	1	1		47276
1759-04-18T07:00	7.38	77.23	292	6.7	ANJANGO	N22:00W	23		S22:00E	69.00	-1	NWBW, WNW, WBS, WNW	MODERATE	FAIR			0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	47277
1759-04-19T07:00	6.47	78.11	259	6.7	ANJANGO	NNW	49		SEBS	74.00	0	NW, W, WBS	MODERATE	FAIR			0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	47278
1759-04-20T07:00	6.07	78.78	362	6.7	ANJANGO	N73:00W	63		S58:00E	45.00	0	W, SBE, S, VARIABLE	MODERATE			CLOUDY	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	47279
1759-04-21T00:00	7.90		362	6.7	POINT DE GALLE CELONE	NEBE	5					WBS, WBN, NNW, VARIABLE	MODERATE			CLOUDY	0	0		47280
1759-04-22T00:00	5.95		362	6.7	MATURE CELONE	NE	6					WBN, CALM, NWBW, CALM, VARIABLE	FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MID PART LIGHT AIRS AND CALM			CLOUDY	0	0		47281
1759-04-23T00:00	5.93		315	6.7	ELIPHANT CELONE	NWBW	6					W, NBW, NW	MODERATE	FAIR			0	0		47282
1759-04-24T00:00	6.23		259	6.7	ELIPHANT CELONE	WNW	6					NW, SSE, ESE, WNW, WBS	MODERATE	FAIR			0	0		47283
1759-04-25T00:00	6.25		361	6.7	ELIPHANT CELONE	NWBW	6					VARIABLE AND CALM	FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE CALMS		RAIN	CLOUDY	1	0		47284
1759-04-26T00:00	6.37		225	6.7	NORTHERN MOST LAND	N1/2W						S, NWBN, CALM, SW	FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE CALMS		RAIN	CLOUDY	1	0		47285
1759-04-27T07:00	7.53	82.00	361	6.7	FRYER HOOD CELONE	WBS1/2S	6				0	SW, SBW, SSW, CALM	MODERATE			CLOUDY	0	0		47286
1759-04-28T00:00	8.03		362		SUGAR LOAF ROCK CELONE	WBS1/2S	5					VARIABLE	FIRST PART CALM, MID MODERATE, LATTER SQUALLY			CLOUDY	0	0		47287
1759-04-29T00:00	10.15		248	19.0	EXTREME OF LAND	SWBW	5					SWBW, WSW, WBS, WSW	FRESH GALES	FAIR			0	0		47288
1759-04-30T00:00	10.77		214	6.7	NAGAPATRAM FLAGG STAFF	WBS	6					NWBW, WNW, SW, SSW, SWBS	MODERATE	FAIR			0	0		47289