García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CUMBERLAND cruise from Madras to Bombay started at 1758-10-11 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747995, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 7.458519 * Median Longitude: 79.901481 * South-bound Latitude: 5.270000 * West-bound Longitude: 74.200000 * North-bound Latitude: 14.120000 * East-bound Longitude: 82.000000
Date/Time Start: 1758-10-11T07:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1758-11-26T00:00:00
Event(s):
Cumberland_17581011_NMM_ADM/L/C257 * Latitude Start: 12.100000 * Longitude Start: 80.500000 * Latitude End: 18.500000 * Longitude End: 72.820000 * Date/Time Start: 1758-10-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1758-11-26T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Cumberland (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madras - Bombay, 1st Observer: William Martin (Captain), 2nd Observer: Henry Lewis (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 66G 1400BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 17 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
785 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 ww (Weather description) | 17 Precip descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 Comment | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1758-10-11T07:00 | 11.15 | 80.10 | 146 | 6.7 | MADRAS ROAD | WBN | 3 | 0 | VARIABLE, WBS, SWBS, SEBS | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47220 | |||||||
| 1758-10-12T07:00 | 11.75 | 80.39 | 315 | 2.6 | SADRAF FLAG STAFF | W | 5 | 0 | ESE, EBS, NW | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47221 | |||||||
| 1758-10-13T07:00 | 11.65 | 80.73 | 362 | 6.7 | SADRAF FLAG STAFF | N19:00W | 24 | S19:00W | 72.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47222 | |||||
| 1758-10-14T07:00 | 10.10 | 81.43 | 362 | 6.7 | SADRAF FLAG STAFF | N19:00W | 55 | S17:00E | 98.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47223 | |||||
| 1758-10-15T07:00 | 9.20 | 81.43 | 362 | HIGHLAND OVER FRANKOMELY | S72:00E | 9 | 0 | VARIABLE | VARIABLE WINDS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47224 | |||||||||
| 1758-10-16T07:00 | 8.32 | 81.60 | 362 | HIGHLAND OVER FRANKOMELY | WBS | 5 | 0 | VARIABLE | SQUALLY INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47225 | ||||||||
| 1758-10-17T07:00 | 7.43 | 82.00 | 362 | 2.6 | FRYERS HOOD | WBN | 8 | 0 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WINDS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47226 | |||||||
| 1758-10-18T07:00 | 6.20 | 81.68 | 2.6 | FRYERS HOOD | N16:00W | 26 | S16:00E | 77.00 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 47227 | ||||
| 1758-10-19T07:00 | 5.83 | 80.63 | 2.6 | FRYERS HOOD | N9:00E | 37 | S53:00W | 38.00 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 47228 | ||||
| 1758-10-20T07:00 | 5.60 | 80.50 | CELONE | WNW - N | 10 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | SQUALLY INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | HARD RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47229 | |||||||||
| 1758-10-21T07:00 | 5.42 | 80.50 | 19.0 | ELIPHANT CELON | N15:00W | 14 | S15:00E | 41.00 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47230 | ||||||
| 1758-10-22T07:00 | 5.65 | 80.37 | 6.7 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47231 | |||||||||||
| 1758-10-23T07:00 | 5.88 | 80.30 | 6.7 | CELONE | NBE - W | 5 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47232 | ||||||||
| 1758-10-24T07:00 | 5.68 | 80.23 | 19.0 | CELONE | NWBW | 11 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47233 | |||||||
| 1758-10-25T07:00 | 5.95 | 80.16 | CELONE | NEBN - WBN | 6 | 0 | VARIABLE AND CALMS | SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47234 | |||||||||
| 1758-10-26T07:00 | 5.75 | 80.09 | 362 | 6.7 | CELONE | NWBW - NBW | 6 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47235 | |||||||
| 1758-10-27T07:00 | 5.27 | 80.02 | 362 | 6.7 | CELONE | NWBW - NNW | 10 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47236 | |||||||
| 1758-10-28T07:00 | 5.38 | 79.95 | 259 | 6.7 | CELONE | NWBN - N | 11 | 0 | SWBW, SW, W, WBS | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47237 | |||||||
| 1758-10-29T07:00 | 5.42 | 79.89 | 362 | 6.7 | CELONE | NEBN - NBE | 12 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47238 | |||||||
| 1758-10-30T07:00 | 5.45 | 79.82 | 360 | 6.7 | CELONE | NE - NNE | 12 | 0 | NWBW, WNW, NNE, N | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47239 | |||||||
| 1758-10-31T07:00 | 6.08 | 79.75 | 214 | 9.3 | ADAMS PEAK CELONE | NEBE | 13 | 0 | NW, NWBW, NNW, N, SWBS | FRESH BREEZES | COUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47240 | |||||||
| 1758-11-01T07:00 | 6.77 | 79.70 | 349 | ADAMS PECK, CELONE | S31:00E | 24 | N31:00W | 72.00 | 0 | N, NWBN, NNW, NBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47241 | |||||
| 1758-11-02T07:00 | 7.27 | 79.28 | 362 | 6.7 | ADAMS PECK, CELONE | S44:00E | 44 | N37:00W | 38.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47242 | |||||
| 1758-11-03T07:00 | 7.63 | 78.36 | 362 | 6.7 | SOUTHERN MOST LAND OF MALLABAR COAST | N - NNW | 9 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47243 | ||||||
| 1758-11-04T07:00 | 7.90 | 77.45 | 362 | CAPE COMORINE | NE1/2E | 7 | -1 | VARIABLE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER SQUALLY | HARD RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47244 | |||||||
| 1758-11-05T07:00 | 8.53 | 76.78 | 361 | 6.7 | ANJANGO | NBE | 3 | 1 | -1 | VARIABLE AND CALM | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47245 | ||||||
| 1758-11-06T00:00 | 9.12 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | NEBN - EBN | 3 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47246 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-07T00:00 | 9.62 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | SE - NNE | 7 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47247 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-08T00:00 | 10.52 | 362 | 1.0 | PANNIAN HOUSE | NEBN | 4 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47248 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-09T00:00 | 10.85 | 361 | 2.6 | EXTENT OF LAND | SEBE1/2E - NEBN | 4 | SW, VARIBLE, WNW, WBN, CALM | LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47249 | ||||||||||
| 1758-11-10T00:00 | 11.25 | 361 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | SBE - NEBN | 4 | SW, WBS, WBN, ESE, CALM | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47250 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-11T00:00 | 11.62 | 23 | 6.7 | HIGH LAND OVER CALLECUTT | E | 8 | SWBS, SW, WBN, NNE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47251 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-12T00:00 | 11.02 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | NBE - E1/2E! | 7 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47252 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-13T00:00 | 12.15 | 362 | 6.7 | MOUNT DELLA | NE1/2E | 8 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47253 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-14T00:00 | 12.65 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | SEBE - NBE | 4 | VARIABLE | SBW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47254 | ||||||||
| 1758-11-15T00:00 | 13.27 | 315 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | SEBE - NNE | 5 | SWBW, WSW, WNW, NWBW, NW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47255 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-16T07:00 | 14.12 | 74.20 | 78 | 6.7 | PIGEON ISLAND | EBS | 4 | 1 | -1 | NWBN, WBN, NWBN, NEBE, EBN | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47256 | ||||||
| 1758-11-17T00:00 | 15.10 | 11 | 9.3 | ST GEORGES ISLAND | N1/4E | 3 | NEBE, NEBN, NBE, NNW, NBE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47257 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-18T00:00 | 15.77 | 362 | 6.7 | VANGALORE ROCKS | NNE1/2E | 4 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47258 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-19T00:00 | 16.25 | 362 | 2.6 | EXTENT OF LAND | NEBN - EBS | 6 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47259 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-20T00:00 | 16.68 | 362 | 2.6 | GARIA FORT | E1/2S | 5 | VARIABLE | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47260 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-21T00:00 | 17.28 | 124 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | SE1/2S - N | 6 | WNW, NNW, NNE, ENE, SEBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47261 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-22T00:00 | 17.70 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | NBE - SEBE | 6 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47262 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-23T00:00 | 18.12 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | NEBN - SEBE | 6 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47263 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-24T00:00 | 18.83 | 362 | 6.7 | EXTENT OF LAND | NEBN - SEBE1/2E | 9 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47264 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-25T00:00 | 18.92 | 360 | 6.7 | TOMB STONES OF OLD WOMANS ISLAND | NNE1/2E | 7 | NEBN, NBE, N | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47265 | |||||||||
| 1758-11-26T00:00 | 19.00 | 6.7 | BOMBAY CASTLE | NWBW1/2W | 0 | 1 | SEA AND LAND BREEZES | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47266 |