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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CUMBERLAND cruise from St. Augustines to Fort St. Georges started at 1754-10-06 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747993, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -14.398553 * Median Longitude: 76.411447 * South-bound Latitude: -35.520000 * West-bound Longitude: 39.800000 * North-bound Latitude: 14.020000 * East-bound Longitude: 91.780000
Date/Time Start: 1754-10-06T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-12-20T07:00:00
Event(s):
Cumberland_17541006_NMM_ADM/L/C257 * Latitude Start: -23.630000 * Longitude Start: 43.410000 * Latitude End: 13.170000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1754-10-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-12-20T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Cumberland (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Augustines - Fort St Georges, 1st Observer: George Pocock (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Willis (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 66G 1400BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15 Current speed descriptionV descr
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1451 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
15 
V descr
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
21 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
22 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
23 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
24 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
25 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
26 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1754-10-06T09:00-23.4043.2015719.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYE4-23WBS, SSW, SFRESH GALESFAIR000000047127
1754-10-07T09:00-24.7742.171116.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN51:00E37S51:00W110.00-24SSW, S, SEBS, SEFIRST PART FRESH GALES, MID HARD GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART HAZY000000047128
1754-10-08T09:00-26.4041.421226.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN37:00E70SSW106.00-24SSE, SEBSMODERATEHAZY000000047129
1754-10-09T09:00-28.1341.63996.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN23:00E98S1/2E105.00-25EBS, ESE, SEBEMODERATEHAZY000000047130
1754-10-10T09:00-28.7841.203610.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN24:00E113S28:00W44.00-25SE, SEBE, SEBS, S, CALMSBW5FIRST AND MID PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER CALMHAZY000000047131
1754-10-11T09:00-30.1239.8012119.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN28:28E148S43:00W110.00-25S, SBE, SEBSFRESH GALESHAZY000000047132
1754-10-12T09:00-31.5040.374319.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN20:25E169S25:00E79.00-25ESE, E, ENEFRESH GALESCLOUDY000000047133
1754-10-13T09:00-33.1042.5096.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN6:37E191S50:00E150.00-25NEBNMODERATECLOUDY000000047134
1754-10-14T09:00-34.1345.3833519.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN7:40W212ESE160.00-25NE, NNE, NFRESH GALESCLOUDY000000047135
1754-10-15T09:00-34.5848.5834619.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN21:02W235S81:00E170.00-25NE, NEBN, NBEFRESH GALESCLOUDY000000047136
1754-10-16T09:00-35.1251.753586.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN31:09W269EBS167.00-25NEBN, NNEMODERATEHAZY000000047137
1754-10-17T08:00-35.5254.621119.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN38:23W290EBS125.00-23NNE, NEBNFRESH GALESCLOUDY000000047138
1754-10-18T08:00-35.5257.033156.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN44:00W316E118.00-23NE, NWBN, NW, NNWFIRST PART HARD GALES, MID AND LATTER MORE MODERATE000000047139
1754-10-19T08:00-35.5258.623162.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYN47:19W335E79.00-22WNW, NNWLITTLE WINDSHAZY000000047140
1754-10-20T08:00-35.5261.472826.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN52:30W373E139.00-22NNW, NWBWMODERATECLOUDY000000047141
1754-10-21T08:00-34.4863.4312619.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN58:00W391N59:00E112.00-20S, SEBSFRESH GALESRAIN010000047142
1754-10-22T08:00-33.3365.2216019.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN64:00W408N58:00E124.00-20SSE, SFRESH GALESRAIN010000047143
1754-10-23T08:00-33.0766.42366.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN65:30W427N75:00E61.00-20SWBW, NBE, NEBEMODERATEFAIR000000047144
1754-10-24T08:00-33.2267.2036.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN65:00W456E1/2S95.00-20NE, NNEMODERATECLOUDY000000047145
1754-10-25T07:00-33.5769.252719.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN66:00W488EBS108.00-18NEBN, NEFRESH GALESCLOUDY000000047146
1754-10-26T07:00-33.2870.802076.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN68:00W513EBN85.00-18NNE, N, SWFIRST PART FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATEHAZY000000047147
1754-10-27T07:00-31.6572.431326.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN72:26W532NE139.00-14SE, SEBSMODERATEHAZY000000047148
1754-10-28T07:00-30.4873.571462.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYN75:30W548NE100.00-12SBE, SSELITTLE WINDSHAZY000000047149
1754-10-29T07:00-30.9874.73112.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYN75:17W569S70:00E66.00-12NE, NEBN, NNELITTLE WINDSFAIR000000047150
1754-10-30T07:00-30.6276.00116.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN76:18W591EBN71.00-12NNE, NBE, NNEMODERATEFAIR000000047151
1754-10-31T07:00-29.8577.033146.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN78:00W606N52:00E75.00-12NBW, NWBNMODERATEHAZY000000047152
1754-11-01T07:00-29.6377.523626.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN78:44W616N68:00E33.00-11VARIABLEMODERATEFAIR000000047153
1754-11-02T07:00-29.6078.84126.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN79:12W639N88:00E72.00-11NBE, NNEMODERATEFAIR000000047154
1754-11-03T07:00-29.5580.23126.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN79:41W663N87:00E72.00-11N, NBE, NNEMODERATEFAIR000000047155
1754-11-04T07:00-29.4380.65122.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYN80:00W670ENE1/2E26.00-11NBW, NNELITTLE WINDSFAIR000000047156
1754-11-05T07:00-29.1880.753622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYN80:50W675N25:00E17.00-11VARIABLELITTLE WINDSFAIR000000047157
1754-11-06T07:00-28.0280.923622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYN82:30W678N13:00E72.00-11VARIABLELITTLE WINDSFAIR000000047158
1754-11-07T07:00-27.6080.333626.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN83:00W669N44:00W35.00-11VARIABLEMODERATECLOUDY000000047159
1754-11-08T07:00-26.6881.283626.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYN81:51W683N48:00E83.00-8VARIABLEMODERATEFAIR000000047160
1754-11-09T06:00-24.1282.6712819.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYN89:11W702NNE167.00-7S, SSE, SEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047161
1754-11-10T06:00-21.7283.1213119.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS86:59W722N25:00E160.00-4SEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAIN010000047162
1754-11-11T06:00-19.7283.6210919.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS83:49W744NNE130.00-4E, ESEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047163
1754-11-12T06:00-17.5884.059719.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS80:54W760N18:00E134.00-4SEBE, EBSFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047164
1754-11-13T06:00-15.1284.6736219.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS77:35W791NBE3/4E150.00-2SEBE, SBE, VARIABLEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047165
1754-11-14T06:00-13.0885.3812219.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS75:00W816NNE132.00-2SEBEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047166
1754-11-15T06:00-10.6085.6016819.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS71:56W840NBE152.00-1SEBE, SBEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047167
1754-11-16T06:00-8.9386.0217919.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS70:00W860N16:00E106.00-1SEBE, SBW, SFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047168
1754-11-17T06:00-7.8286.1219019.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS68:45W872N16:00E68.00-1SBWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYHAZY000000047169
1754-11-18T06:00-6.6886.222481.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS67:28W884N11:00E69.000SSW, WSWLIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000047170
1754-11-19T06:00-6.0586.282031.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS66:45W891N11:00E40.000SSWLIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000047171
1754-11-20T06:00-5.6286.352031.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS66:18W896N10:00E27.000SSWLIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000047172
1754-11-21T06:00-5.3286.623621.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS66:00W904N47:00E25.000VARIABLELIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000047173
1754-11-22T06:00-4.6886.781691.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS65:29W912NBE1/2E39.000W-SBELIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000047174
1754-11-23T06:00-3.9087.022036.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS64:45W924N20:00E50.000SSWSE2MODERATEFAIR000000047175
1754-11-24T06:00-2.7587.823626.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS64:00W949N36:00E86.000VARIABLEMODERATEFAIR000000047176
1754-11-25T06:00-1.2788.703159.3ST AUGUSTINES BAYS62:15W980N33:00E106.000NWBW, NWFRESH BREEZESFAIR000000047177
1754-11-26T06:00-0.0788.972706.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS61:48W997N15:00E75.000NWBW, WMODERATEFAIR000000047178
1754-11-27T06:000.7788.322486.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS61:00W1007N07:00E51.000SWBW, WSWMODERATEFAIR000000047179
1754-11-28T06:001.0589.183626.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS67:00W1009N11:00W17.000VARIABLESW4.5MODERATEFAIR000000047180
1754-11-29T06:001.3089.233622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS60:00W1012N09:00E15.000VARIABLEWSW1LITTLE WINDRAIN010000047181
1754-11-30T06:001.5589.133622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS60:00W1012N31:00W18.000VARIABLEWSW5.5LITTLE WINDHAZY000000047182
1754-12-01T06:001.8889.023622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS59:46W1013N31:00W18.000VARIABLEWBS3LITTLE WINDHAZY000000047183
1754-12-02T06:002.9888.333622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS58:47W1027N08:00E67.000VARIABLELITTLE WINDTHUNDER AND LIGHTNING000010047184
1754-12-03T06:003.5089.83362ST AUGUSTINES BAYS59:00W1039N32:00E46.000VARIABLESQUALLYRAIN010000047185
1754-12-04T06:003.5789.853622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS58:33W1042N56:00E8.000VARIABLEWBS3.5LITTLE WINDCLOUDY000000047186
1754-12-05T06:003.6290.08112.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS58:45W1050N84:00E27.000SSW, NBELITTLE WINDCLOUDY000000047187
1754-12-06T06:003.5790.323622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS58:50W1051S56:00E6.000VARIABLESW1LITTLE WINDCLOUDY000000047188
1754-12-07T06:003.6090.423622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS59:00W1053N76:00E7.000VARIABLELITTLE WINDCLOUDY000000047189
1754-12-08T06:003.6091.303496.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS59:15W1065E40.000NNE, NBWMODERATECLOUDY000000047190
1754-12-09T06:003.5791.403626.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS59:20W1065S71:00E6.000VARIABLEMODERATECLOUDY000000047191
1754-12-10T06:003.7791.403622.6ST AUGUSTINES BAYS59:00W1065N07:00W12.000VARIABLEWBN1LITTLE WINDSCLOUDY000000047192
1754-12-11T06:004.3291.301241.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS58:36W1072N07:00W40.000EBS, SEBEWBS1LIGHT AIRSFAIR000000047193
1754-12-12T06:005.0791.783621.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS58:03W1084N18:00E47.000VARIABLENNE3.5LIGHT AIRSFAIR000000047194
1754-12-13T06:006.5391.7836219.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS56:45W1100N88.000VARIABLEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047195
1754-12-14T06:008.3790.554519.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS54:34W1109N25:00W112.000ENE, NEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY000000047196
1754-12-15T06:009.9289.48346.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS52:44W1108N36:00W116.000NE, NEBNMODERATEHAZY000000047197
1754-12-16T06:0011.4087.824519.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS51:00W1112N32:00W106.000NEBN, NNE, NEFRESH GALESHAZY000000047198
1754-12-17T06:0012.5385.77456.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS49:20W1110N43:00W93.000NEBN, NEMODERATEHAZY000000047199
1754-12-18T06:0013.5385.10456.7ST AUGUSTINES BAYS47:26W1099N59:00W116.000NNE, NBE, NEMODERATEHAZY000000047200
1754-12-19T06:0014.0283.133419.0ST AUGUSTINES BAYS45:40W1077N76:00W118.000NEBNFRESH GALESFAIR000000047201
1754-12-20T07:0013.0580.40229.3FORT ST GEORGES ROAD (MADRAS)WBN1/2N21-1NNEFRESH BREEZES000000047202