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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CORTGENE cruise from Rotterdam to Batavia started at 1853-08-10 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747953, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -10.987340 * Median Longitude: 16.447660 * South-bound Latitude: -40.720000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.750000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.870000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.820000
Date/Time Start: 1853-08-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-11-12T05:00:00
Event(s):
Cortgene_18530810_E_REIS_2_P10-18 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-08-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-11-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Cortgene, Voyage: Rotterdam - Batavia, 1st Observer: J.A. Scott (Kapitein), Other ship information: METEOROLOGISCHE WAARNEMINGEN, GEDAAN AAN BOORD VAN HET SCHIP CORTGENE OP DE REIS VAN ROTTERDAM NAAR BATAVIA GEDURENDE 1853
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
11 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
12 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 Present weatherwwWeather description
20 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2033 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
11 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
12 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
19 
ww
(Weather description)
20 
Precip descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-08-10T00:0050.48454.61026.118.3WIGHT1VM8VERTROKKEN UIT BROUWERSHAVEN OP 8 AUGUSTUS 1853365.0030.30NO3000000045270
1853-08-11T12:0049.87-4.40442.61026.118.31VM8-24265.0030.30NO-ONO2HEIIGE LUCHT000000045271
1853-08-12T13:0047.88-7.85422.61019.418.3VM8-26265.0030.10ONO2SCHOON WEER000000045272
1853-08-13T13:0045.58-10.87212.61014.320.0VM8-24268.0029.95ONO-NO2HEIIGE LUCHT000000045273
1853-08-14T13:0044.88-11.023620.01016.022.2VM8-24072.0030.00RONDLOPEND0HEIIGE LUCHT000000045274
1853-08-15T13:0044.20-12.152461.01017.722.2VM8-24172.0030.05ZW-W1MISTLUCHTBETROKKEN LUCHT001000045275
1853-08-16T13:0042.32-12.102931.01017.721.1VM8-22170.0030.05ZW-NW1BUIIG000000045276
1853-08-17T13:0042.00-11.803622.61016.021.1VM8-22270.0030.00RONDLOPEND2BUIIGMET REGEN110000045277
1853-08-18T13:0040.15-11.752261.01017.725.0VM8-22177.0030.05W-WZW1MISTMET REGEN011000045278
1853-08-19T13:0040.45-12.772242.61016.025.0VM8-24277.0030.00Z-WZW2BETROKKEN LUCHT000000045279
1853-08-20T13:0039.70-12.321811.01017.725.0VM8-22177.0030.05W-ZZW1AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045280
1853-08-21T13:0039.67-13.183621.01016.022.8VM8-24173.0030.00RONDLOPEND1DONDER WEERLIGTSTORTBUIEN110010045281
1853-08-22T13:0036.70-14.932716.71017.722.2VM8-22472.0030.05W-WNW4BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN110000045282
1853-08-23T13:0033.87-16.7814.61021.123.3VM8-22374.0030.15NO-NNO3BUIIGE LUCHT LATER SCHOON WEERREGEN110000045283
1853-08-24T13:0031.90-18.35242.61021.123.3VM8-21274.0030.15NNO-NO2HEIIGE LUCHT000000045284
1853-08-25T13:0030.42-19.432942.61022.824.4VM8-21276.0030.20NNO-NW2MOOI WEER000000045285
1853-08-26T13:0028.87-20.87244.61024.524.4VM8-21376.0030.25NOTN-NO3MOOI WEER000000045286
1853-08-27T14:0026.18-22.77486.71022.824.4VM8-20476.0030.20NO-ONO4PASSAATLUCHT000000045287
1853-08-28T14:0023.67-24.35486.71019.425.6VM8-20478.0030.10NO-ONO4PASSAATLUCHT000000045288
1853-08-29T14:0020.50-25.4256.71017.726.1VM8-18479.0030.05ONO-NNO4PASSAATLUCHT000000045289
1853-08-30T14:0016.93-26.688419.01016.026.1VM8-17879.0030.00NO-OTZ8REGENGRAUWE BETROKKEN LUCHT010000045290
1853-08-31T14:0015.38-26.60512.61016.027.2VM8-17281.0030.00O-ONO2BETROKKEN LUCHT000000045291
1853-09-01T14:0013.00-26.60284.61016.027.8VM8-17382.0030.00NO3SOMS BUIIGE LUCHTWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT100000045292
1853-09-02T14:0011.67-25.672084.61016.027.8VM8-17382.0030.00ONO-ZW3BUIIG000000045293
1853-09-03T14:0010.73-23.731634.61016.028.3VM8-17383.0030.00ZW-Z3BUIIGE LUCHT LATER MOOI WEERREGEN110000045294
1853-09-04T14:008.82-23.032532.61017.727.8VM8-17282.0030.05ZWTW-W2MOOI WEER000000045295
1853-09-05T14:006.77-22.733222.61016.027.8VM8-16282.0030.00W-NNW2BETROKKEN LUCHT000000045296
1853-09-06T13:006.28-20.3718519.01017.727.8VM8-18882.0030.05ZTW-ZZW8BUIIGE LUCHT100000045297
1853-09-07T13:005.78-18.681514.61016.027.8VM8-18382.0030.00Z-ZTO3MOOI WEER000000045298
1853-09-08T13:005.00-16.931611.01016.027.8VM8-19182.0030.00ZZW-Z1AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045299
1853-09-09T13:003.98-19.271064.61017.728.3VM8-18383.0030.05ZZO-ZOTO3BUIIGE LUCHT100000045300
1853-09-10T13:002.38-21.271404.61017.728.3VM8-18383.0030.05ZZO3AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045301
1853-09-11T14:000.53-23.251202.61019.426.7VM8-15280.0030.10ZZO-ZO2AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045302
1853-09-12T14:00-2.18-25.431206.71019.426.1VM8-15479.0030.10ZO4AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045303
1853-09-13T14:00-5.07-27.151206.71017.726.7VM8-15480.0030.05ZO4AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045304
1853-09-14T14:00-7.32-28.331234.61017.727.8VM8-12382.0030.05ZO3AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045305
1853-09-15T14:00-9.92-28.721474.61021.127.2VM8-11381.0030.15ZZO3BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN110000045306
1853-09-16T14:00-12.97-29.751249.31021.127.2VM8-11581.0030.15ZOTO-ZO5BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN110000045307
1853-09-17T14:00-16.37-29.476812.31019.426.1VM8-11679.0030.10O-OTN6BUIIGE LUCHT100000045308
1853-09-18T14:00-18.73-29.22134.61019.424.4VM8-10376.0030.10OTN-NNO3WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000045309
1853-09-19T14:00-20.38-27.25554.61021.124.4VM8-13376.0030.15OTN-ONO3BUIIGE GOED WEER100000045310
1853-09-20T14:00-22.55-25.53334.61017.722.2VM8-12372.0030.05ONO-NO3DIKKE REGENLUCHT010000045311
1853-09-21T14:00-25.02-23.33116.71017.721.7VM8-12471.0030.05NO-NNO4REGENBETROKKEN LUCHT010000045312
1853-09-22T13:00-27.08-21.4534519.01014.320.6VM8-15869.0029.95NO-N8HARDE BUIENAANHOUDENDE STORTREGEN110000045313
1853-09-23T13:00-29.13-18.785422.61009.220.0VM8-14968.0029.80NO-ONO9HARDE BUIENREGEN110000045314
1853-09-24T13:00-30.60-18.176522.61010.918.3VM8-14965.0029.85NO-OTN9HARDE BUIENREGEN110000045315
1853-09-25T13:00-31.72-18.387626.81016.018.9VM8-141066.0030.00O10HARDE BUIENREGEN110000045316
1853-09-26T13:00-33.02-17.903226.81019.418.9VM8-131066.0030.10ONO-NO10HARDE BUIENREGEN110000045317
1853-09-27T13:00-34.60-16.175219.01018.719.4VM8-16867.0030.08O-ONO8AFNEMENDE WINDLIGTE REGEN010000045318
1853-09-28T13:00-35.83-13.8035522.61012.618.3VM8-16965.0029.90NOTN-NTO9AANNEMEND WIND BUIEN000000045319
1853-09-29T13:00-36.08-11.9020622.61016.016.7VM8-19962.0030.00N-ZW9AANHOUDEND REGENDIKKE LUCHT010000045320
1853-09-30T13:00-35.58-8.652064.61019.415.6VM8-19360.0030.10ZZW-ZW3BUIIGE LUCHTLIGTE REGEN110000045321
1853-10-01T12:00-36.30-5.822712.61019.415.6VM8-22260.0030.10ZW-WNW2MOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT000000045322
1853-10-02T12:00-37.00-1.882464.61021.115.0VM8-24359.0030.15W3MOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT000000045323
1853-10-03T12:00-37.052.101566.71019.413.3VM8-24456.0030.10W-Z4AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045324
1853-10-04T12:00-37.186.1028915.41017.713.9VM8-26757.0030.05ZZW-NW7BETROKKEN LUCHT000000045325
1853-10-05T11:00-37.6210.7324222.61002.414.4VM8-28958.0029.60WNW-W9STORTREGENDIKKE VERSTOPTE LUCHT010000045326
1853-10-06T11:00-38.1215.3519626.81005.814.4VM8-291058.0029.70W-ZW10VLIEGENDE BUIENDIKKE LUCHT100000045327
1853-10-07T11:00-38.4319.6724019.01016.015.6VM8-30860.0030.00ZW-W8HARDE BUIENREGEN110000045328
1853-10-08T10:00-39.0723.782396.71022.817.2VM8-31463.0030.20WZW-W4LATER AFNEMENDEHAGEL REGENBUIEN110011045329
1853-10-09T10:00-39.1226.003291.01022.818.3VM8-31165.0030.20W-N1GOED WEER000000045330
1853-10-10T10:00-40.5827.57252.61012.618.3VM8-31265.0029.90NO-NOTO2OVERDRIJVENDE MISTLUCHT001000045331
1853-10-11T10:00-40.7229.3728415.41005.816.7VM8-31762.0029.70N-NW7DIKKE MISTLUCHT LATER AFSCHOONEND001000045332
1853-10-12T10:00-40.4233.952399.31021.115.6VM8-31560.0030.15NW-W5DIKKE MISTLUCHT LATER AFSCHOONEND001000045333
1853-10-13T10:00-40.5735.95704.61026.116.7VM8-31362.0030.30WZW-OTZ3SCHOON WEER000000045334
1853-10-14T10:00-39.4235.635930.91016.017.2VM8-311163.0030.00ONO-O11WEERLIGT STORMBUIENBETROKKEN LUCHT000010045335
1853-10-15T09:00-38.3538.132406.71009.214.4VM8-30458.0029.80O-W4BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN110000045336
1853-10-16T09:00-38.0542.0016122.61012.612.2VM8-30954.0029.90W-ZTW9HARDE REGENDIKKE LUCHT010000045337
1853-10-17T09:00-37.4246.2514319.01019.414.4VM8-26858.0030.10Z-ZTO8HARDE BUIEN100000045338
1853-10-18T09:00-36.7048.551330.01019.414.4VM8-25058.0030.10ZZO0BETROKKEN LUCHT000000045339
1853-10-19T09:00-37.1750.333134.61019.417.2VM8-25363.0030.10N-NNW3MOOI WEER000000045340
1853-10-20T08:00-37.7254.6819815.41024.514.4VM8-27758.0030.25NW-ZW7REGENBETROKKEN LUCHT010000045341
1853-10-21T08:00-37.6759.4714315.41026.112.8VM8-26755.0030.30WZW-ZTO7AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045342
1853-10-22T08:00-37.7361.823344.61026.115.6VM8-26360.0030.30Z-N3AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045343
1853-10-23T08:00-38.0766.2029019.01016.016.7VM8-25862.0030.00NNW-NW8BEWOLKTE LUCHT000000045344
1853-10-24T07:00-38.2870.351564.61016.016.7VM8-24362.0030.00NW-Z3HARDE REGENDIKKE LUCHT010000045345
1853-10-25T07:00-38.1873.602474.61022.814.4VM8-23358.0030.20ZTW-W3MOOI WEER000000045346
1853-10-26T07:00-38.1777.032584.61022.814.4VM8-23358.0030.20W-WTN3GRAUWE BETROKKEN LUCHT000000045347
1853-10-27T07:00-36.8080.672986.71026.115.6VM8-17460.0030.30NW4WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT000000045348
1853-10-28T06:00-35.0784.023224.61029.516.7VM8-16362.0030.40NW-NNW3AFWISSELENDE LUCHT000000045349
1853-10-29T06:00-33.4886.972204.61026.115.6VM8-16360.0030.30NNW-ZWTW3MISTLUCHT001000045350
1853-10-30T06:00-32.4888.773492.61026.117.8VM8-11264.0030.30WZW-N2MISTLUCHT001000045351
1853-10-31T06:00-32.3590.183492.61019.419.4VM8-11267.0030.10NNW-N2MOOI WEERLIGTE REGEN010000045352
1853-11-01T06:00-32.4892.28122.61021.118.3VM8-11265.0030.15NNO2AFSCHONENDE LUCHTLIGTE REGEN010000045353
1853-11-02T06:00-32.0594.053624.61021.118.3VM8-10365.0030.15RONDLOPEND3AFWISSELEND000000045354
1853-11-03T06:00-29.3293.85694.61026.120.0VM8-10368.0030.30OTN3AFWISSELEND000000045355
1853-11-04T06:00-26.7893.83834.61022.820.6VM8-7369.0030.20O3AFWISSELEND000000045356
1853-11-05T06:00-24.0393.82834.61023.422.2VM8-7372.0030.22O3SCHOON WEER000000045357
1853-11-06T06:00-21.9094.9210915.41022.822.8VM8-4773.0030.20OZO7BUIIGE LUCHT100000045358
1853-11-07T06:00-19.7296.0510915.41019.423.9VM8-4775.0030.10OZO7BUIIGE LUCHT MOOI WEER100000045359
1853-11-08T06:00-17.5797.47866.71017.726.1VM8-4479.0030.05O4BUIIGE LUCHT MOOI WEER100000045360
1853-11-09T05:00-15.2899.721334.61017.727.2VM8-2381.0030.05ZO3PASSAATWEER000000045361
1853-11-10T05:00-12.65101.8711115.41017.727.8VM8-2782.0030.05OZO7BUIIGE LUCHTREGEN110000045362
1853-11-11T05:00-10.13103.1812415.41017.728.9VM80784.0030.05ZOTO7BUIIGE LUCHT100000045363
1853-11-12T05:00-7.52104.8236215.41014.327.8VM8KOMEN IN STRAAT SUNDA0782.0029.95RONDLOPEND7BUIIGE LUCHT WEERLIGTREGEN110010045364