García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during COLCHESTER cruise from Plymouth to Bay of Biscay started at 1759-05-24 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747934, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 46.626667 * Median Longitude: -4.282222 * South-bound Latitude: 44.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -6.630000 * North-bound Latitude: 48.580000 * East-bound Longitude: -2.140000
Date/Time Start: 1759-05-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1759-07-09T00:00:00
Event(s):
Colchester_17590524_NMM_ADM/L/C165 * Latitude: 50.299000 * Longitude: -4.150000 * Date/Time Start: 1759-05-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1759-07-09T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Colchester (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Plymouth - Bay Of Biscay (Cruising), 1st Observer: Lucius O'Bryen (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Seward (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50 GUNS, 968BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 13 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 14 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 17 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 18 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 19 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 20 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 21 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 22 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 23 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 24 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 25 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 26 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 27 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 28 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
836 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 ww (Weather description) | 17 Precip descr | 18 State sea descr | 19 Clearness | 20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 21 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 22 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 23 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 25 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 26 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 27 Comment | 28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1759-05-24T00:00 | 79 | 2.6 | USHANT | S1/2W | 4 | NWBW, NBW, NE, ESE, EBN | LITTLE WIND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44001 | ||||||||||||
| 1759-05-25T00:00 | 47.18 | 124 | 19.0 | USHANT | N | 79 | S | 79.00 | EBN, E, ESE, SEBE | 1ST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44002 | ||||||||
| 1759-05-26T12:00 | 46.52 | -3.60 | 50 | 19.0 | USHANT | N27:00W | 43 | S53:00E | 75.00 | -18 | EBN, VARIABLE, NE, E, EBN, ENE | FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44003 | ||||||
| 1759-05-27T12:00 | 46.63 | -3.24 | 27 | 19.0 | USHANT | N33:00W | 45 | N75:00E | 16.00 | -18 | EBN, NE, EBN, ENE, NE | 1ST FRESH GALES, MID MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44004 | ||||||
| 1759-05-28T12:00 | 46.27 | -3.05 | 61 | 2.6 | ISLE OF DIEU | NE | 6 | -18 | NEBN, NNE, NEBE, ENE, EBN | 1ST FRESH GALES, MID MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44005 | ||||||||
| 1759-05-29T12:00 | 45.90 | -2.69 | 252 | 19.0 | ISLE OF DIEU | N24:00E | 53 | S24:00W | 53.00 | ZERO MERIDIAN WAS ISLE DIEU | -18 | NBE, WNW, NW, W, NWBW, W | 1ST PART LITTLE WIND, MID MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 44006 | ||||
| 1759-05-30T12:00 | 46.17 | -2.14 | 38 | 0.0 | ISLE OF DIEU | N4:00W | 10 | N52:00E | 29.00 | ZERO MERIDIAN WAS ISLE DIEU | -18 | WBN, NW, NNE, NEBE, NEBE | 1ST AND MID PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTE CALM, AT 7 LITTLE WIND | VERY SHORT TUMBLING SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 44007 | ||||
| 1759-05-31T12:00 | 46.86 | -3.38 | 196 | 6.7 | BULL ISLE | NBE1/2E | 4 | ZERO MERIDIAN WAS ISLE DIEU | -18 | CALM, SE, S, ESE, SWBS | 1ST PART CALM, MID LATTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 44008 | |||||||
| 1759-06-01T12:00 | 47.55 | -4.48 | 195 | 22.6 | GROA | S83:00E | 41 | N83:00W | 41.00 | -19 | SWBS, W, SW, S, SSE, SWBS | FIRST PART MODERATE, MID VARIABLE, LATTER STRONG GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44009 | ||||||
| 1759-06-02T12:00 | 47.35 | -4.56 | 252 | 19.0 | GROA | N70:00E | 16 | S15:00W | 12.00 | -18 | SSW, SBW, SW, WSW, W | 1ST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | 1ST PART RAIN | GREAT SEA FROM THE W | MID AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44010 | ||||
| 1759-06-03T12:00 | 46.67 | -3.91 | 241 | 19.0 | GROA | N19:00E | 20 | S32:00E | 49.00 | -18 | WBS, W, WBN, WNW, W, WBS | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44011 | ||||||
| 1759-06-04T12:00 | 47.13 | -4.38 | 286 | 19.0 | GROA | N | 5 | -18 | W, SSW, NW, WNW, NWBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44012 | |||||||||
| 1759-06-05T12:00 | 47.58 | -4.76 | 195 | BELL ISLE | S73:00E | 18 | N73:00W | 51.00 | -19 | NWBW, W, SW, SWBS | 1ST AND MID PART FRESH GALES | LATTER RAIN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44013 | |||||||
| 1759-06-06T12:00 | 47.55 | -5.33 | 251 | 19.0 | BELL ISLE | S83:00E | 24 | N80:00W | 23.00 | -19 | SWBS, SSW, SWBW, WNW, WBS, W | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44014 | ||||||
| 1759-06-07T12:00 | 47.37 | -4.24 | 331 | 19.0 | BELL ISLE | S85:00E | 9 | S75:00E | 44.00 | -18 | W, WBS, NWBW, NBW, NNE, NBW | 1ST PART FRESH GALES, MID LITTLE WINDS, LATTER FRESH GALES | MID AND LATTER RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44015 | |||||
| 1759-06-08T12:00 | 47.13 | -3.31 | 297 | 2.6 | W END OF GROA | E1/2N | 2 | 1 | -18 | NNW, NW, N, NNE, NBE, N, NBW, NW | 1ST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND ALTTER LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44016 | |||||||
| 1759-06-09T12:00 | 46.90 | -2.29 | 218 | 2.6 | BELL ISLE | N15:00E | 9 | S15:00E | 27.00 | -18 | W, WNW, NWBW, NW, CALM, SWBW | LITTLE WIND MOST PART | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44017 | |||||||
| 1759-06-10T12:00 | 47.17 | -3.34 | 207 | BELL ISLE | N28:00W | 4 | N8:00W | 17.00 | -18 | SWBS, WSW, SW, S, SBE, SSW, SWBS, SW | 1ST AND MID, LITTLE WIND, LATTER SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MID FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44018 | ||||||
| 1759-06-11T00:00 | 236 | 6.7 | BELL ISLE | N24:00W | 11 | SWBS, VARIABLE, NWBW, WNW, W, SWBW | 1ST AND MID FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44019 | ||||||||||
| 1759-06-12T00:00 | 46.23 | 248 | 6.7 | ISLE OF DIEU | N | 26 | SWBW, WBN, NW, W, WSW | 1ST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY MID STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44020 | ||||||||||
| 1759-06-13T00:00 | 47.62 | 270 | 22.6 | ISLE GLONNONS | NBE | 2 | 1 | SW, SSW, W, WBS, W | 1ST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44021 | |||||||||
| 1759-06-14T00:00 | 304 | 19.0 | GROA | NE1/2E | 5 | WNW, W, NW, NNW, NWBW | 1ST PART FRESH GALES, MID AND LATTER VERY VARIABLE, SOMETIMES LITTLE WIND THEN SQUALLY, THEN MODERATE, THEN FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44022 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-15T00:00 | 259 | 6.7 | GLONNONS, E-END | NNW | 2 | 1 | WNW, NWBW, NW, NNW, NW, W, WSW, WBS | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44023 | ||||||||||
| 1759-06-16T00:00 | 47.58 | 248 | 6.7 | THE GLONNONS | NE | 7 | W, WSW, W, WSW | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44024 | ||||||||||
| 1759-06-17T00:00 | 135 | 2.6 | THE GLONNONS | NNE | 5 | W, NWBN, CALM, NNW, N, SE | LITTLE WIND | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44025 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-18T00:00 | 361 | 6.7 | GROA | NE1/2E | 5 | CALM, NNW, NE, E, ESE, CALM | MODERATE, INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44026 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-19T00:00 | 90 | 6.7 | BELLS ISLE | N1/2W | 5 | CALM, ESE, EBN, E | 1ST PART CALM, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44027 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-20T00:00 | 46.70 | 169 | 2.6 | ISLE DIEU | E | 4 | 1 | E, VARIABLE, NEBN, SE, SEBS, SBE | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44028 | |||||||||
| 1759-06-21T00:00 | 349 | 2.6 | ISLE DIEU | NEBE | 3 | 1 | VARIABLE, SWBS, NW, NWBW, NBW | LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44029 | ||||||||||
| 1759-06-22T12:00 | 46.55 | -3.68 | 297 | 2.6 | ISLE DIEU | N56:00E | 16 | S56:00W | 16.00 | -18 | N, WBN, NBE, NEBE, NW | LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44030 | ||||||
| 1759-06-23T00:00 | 315 | 19.0 | BELL ISLE | NBE1/2E | 8 | NWBN, NW, NBW, NW | 1ST MODERATE, MID FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44031 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-24T00:00 | 326 | 19.0 | BELL ISLE | NE1/2E | 4 | NWBN, NBW, NWBN | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44032 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-25T00:00 | 326 | 6.7 | BELL ISLE | SSW1/2E | 4 | NNW, NWBN, NW, NWBN | FRESH GALES IN THE 1ST, MID LITTLE WINDS, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44033 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-26T00:00 | 326 | 2.6 | BELL ISLE | EBS | 4 | NWBW, NWBN, NW, NBW, NW, NWBN | LITTLE WIND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44034 | ||||||||||||
| 1759-06-27T00:00 | 214 | 2.6 | BELL ISLE | SE1/2E | 3 | 1 | VARIABLE, NW, NBW, CALM, SW, SWBS | LITTLE WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44035 | |||||||||||
| 1759-06-28T12:00 | 47.00 | -3.34 | 275 | GROA | N10:00E | 38 | S10:00W | 38.00 | -18 | SWBS, SWBW, W, NNW, NWBN, NWBW, WNW | 1ST PART LITTLE WIND, MID SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44036 | ||||||
| 1759-06-29T12:00 | 46.68 | -3.64 | 297 | 19.0 | GROA | N18:00E | 20 | S32:00W | 22.00 | -18 | WBN, W, WBS, SWBW, WBN, WNW, NWBW, NW | 1ST PART MODERATE, MID AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44037 | ||||||
| 1759-06-30T12:00 | 45.67 | -4.22 | 297 | GROA | N20:00E | 42 | S22:00W | 66.00 | -18 | NW, NWBN, NW, NWBN, NWBW, NW | 1ST PART FRESH GALES, MID SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FIRST HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44038 | ||||||
| 1759-07-01T12:00 | 44.85 | -5.54 | 331 | 19.0 | GROA | N28:00E | 63 | S44:00W | 64.00 | -18 | NW, N, NBE, NBW | FRESH GALES | 1ST PART RAIN | MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44039 | |||||
| 1759-07-02T12:00 | 45.03 | -6.63 | 27 | 6.7 | GROA | N40:00E | 68 | N75:00W | 47.00 | -18 | N, NBE, NEBN, VARIABLE, NE | MODERATE | SWELL FROM NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44040 | |||||
| 1759-07-03T12:00 | 44.98 | -6.24 | 61 | 6.7 | GROA | N37:00E | 66 | S80:00E | 16.00 | -18 | NE, NEBE, VARIABLE, EBN | FIRST LITTLE WINDS, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | 1ST CLOUDY, MID AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44041 | ||||||
| 1759-07-04T12:00 | 44.83 | -5.58 | 362 | GROA | N28:00E | 63 | N72:00E | 29.00 | -18 | ENE, VARIABLE | MODERATE WEATHER | MODERATE WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44042 | |||||||
| 1759-07-05T12:00 | 46.17 | -6.34 | 61 | 6.7 | GROA | N54:00E | 49 | N22:00W | 88.00 | -18 | NEBE, EBN, E, EBN | 1ST VERY VARIABLE, MID AND LATTER MODERATE | VERY VARIABLE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44043 | ||||||
| 1759-07-06T12:00 | 47.83 | -6.23 | 82 | GROA | S48:00E | 39 | N3:00E | 100.00 | -19 | EBN, E, EBS, ESE, E, EBS | MODERATE WEATHER | MODERATE WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44044 | |||||||
| 1759-07-07T12:00 | 48.58 | -5.48 | 139 | GROA | S56:00E | 35 | N37:00E | 50.00 | -19 | EBS, SEBE, SE, SEBE, SEBS, SSE | MODERATE WEATHER | MODERATE WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44045 | |||||||
| 1759-07-08T00:00 | 42.77 | 281 | 19.0 | USHANT | EBS | 6 | SBE, S, SSW, SWBW, W, WBN | FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44046 | ||||||||||
| 1759-07-09T00:00 | 362 | 2.6 | USHANT | ENE | 2 | 1 | WBN, W, NNW, VARIABLE | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44047 |