García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during COLCHESTER cruise from Batavia to Socotra started at 1754-09-08 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747924, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.634091 * Median Longitude: 62.319545 * South-bound Latitude: -8.330000 * West-bound Longitude: 54.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 11.570000 * East-bound Longitude: 78.910000
Date/Time Start: 1754-09-08T07:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-09-30T00:00:00
Event(s):
Colchester_17540908_BL_L/MAR/B/113C * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1754-09-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-09-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Colchester, Voyage: Batavia? - Socotra?, 1st Observer: Roger Mainwaring (Captain), 2nd Observer: Frances Reed (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 7 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 8 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 9 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 10 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 11 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 12 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 13 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 14 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 15 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 16 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 17 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 18 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 19 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 20 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 21 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 22 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 23 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
372 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] | 5 ff [m/s] | 6 - | 7 Course | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] | 9 Decl [deg] | 10 Wind dir descr | 11 Wind force descr | 12 ww | 13 Precip descr | 14 State sea descr | 15 Clearness | 16 Gusts | 17 Rain | 18 Fog | 19 Snow | 20 Thunder | 21 Hail | 22 Sea ice | 23 ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1754-09-08T07:00 | -6.20 | 78.91 | 134 | S75W | 85.00 | -1 | SE, E, SE | A FRESH GALE THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS, LATTER PARTS SQUALLS | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43520 | ||||
| 1754-09-09T07:00 | -7.13 | 76.25 | 133 | 16.3 | S71W | 170.00 | -2 | ESE, SE | A STRONG SE TRADE | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43521 | ||||
| 1754-09-10T07:00 | -7.58 | 73.48 | 111 | 19.0 | S77W | 172.00 | -2 | SE, SEBE, ESE | CHIEFLY FRESH GALES | MOSTLY FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43522 | ||||
| 1754-09-11T07:00 | -7.87 | 70.55 | 131 | 16.3 | S86W | 177.00 | -4 | ESE, SE | A STRONG TRADE AS BEFORE | MOSTLY FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43523 | ||||
| 1754-09-12T07:00 | -7.92 | 67.68 | 109 | W | 172.00 | -4 | SE, ESE | A FRESH TRADE AS BEFORE THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PART, LATTER PART SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43524 | ||||
| 1754-09-13T08:00 | -8.33 | 65.65 | 128 | W | 122.00 | -7 | SE, SSW, SE | CHIEFLY HARD SQUALLS | VERY HEAVY SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 43525 | |||||
| 1754-09-14T08:00 | -8.02 | 64.05 | 94 | N78W | 98.00 | -7 | SE, EBS, SE, ESE, EBS | HARD SQUALLS | RAIN FOR THE MOST PART OF THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43526 | |||||
| 1754-09-15T08:00 | -7.63 | 62.15 | 126 | 19.0 | N89W | 116.00 | -9 | SEBE, SEBS, SE, EBS, EBN, SE | FRESH GALES WITH SQUALLS | ABUNDANCES OF RAIN | LARGE FOLLOWING SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43527 | |||
| 1754-09-16T08:00 | -7.08 | 61.33 | 285 | N47W | 68.00 | -8 | SEBE, SEBE, SE, SSW, SSE, NWBN, WNW | VARIABLE WINDS WITH SQUALLS THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PART | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS RAIN | LATTER A LARGE SWELL FROM THE WESTWARD | LATTER PART CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43528 | |||
| 1754-09-17T08:00 | -5.98 | 61.06 | 251 | N16W | 68.00 | -8 | WNW, WBN, W, NEBE, W, SW, WBS | A FRESH GALE THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS | LATTER A LARGE SWELL FROM THE SOUTHWARD | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY WEATHER, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43529 | ||||
| 1754-09-18T08:00 | -4.88 | 60.58 | 228 | 6.7 | N24W | 71.00 | -8 | W, WBN, WNW, W, WBS, SWBW | A PLEASANT BREEZE | LARGE SWELL FROM THE SE | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43530 | |||
| 1754-09-19T08:00 | -3.90 | 59.91 | 285 | 0.0 | N38W | 65.00 | -8 | WSW, SW, SBW, W, SW, WNW | A PLEASANT GALE THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS, LATTER CHIEFLY CALM | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 43531 | |||
| 1754-09-20T08:00 | -2.15 | 59.25 | 218 | N26W | 91.00 | -7 | W, WSW, SWBW, SW | SQUALLS | MUCH RAIN | MAJOR PART OF THESE 24 HOURS CLOUY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43532 | ||||
| 1754-09-21T08:00 | -1.00 | 58.70 | 218 | 6.7 | N25W | 78.00 | -7 | SWBW, SWBS, WSW, SW | A PLEASANT BREEZE | FOR THE MOST PART SMOOTH WATER | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43533 | |||
| 1754-09-22T08:00 | 0.53 | 58.18 | 218 | 6.7 | N22W | 82.00 | -7 | WSW, SW | PLEASANT BREEZES FOR THE MOST PART | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43534 | |||
| 1754-09-23T08:00 | 1.98 | 57.70 | 241 | 6.7 | N23W | 73.00 | -7 | SW, WSW | PLEASANT BREEZES FOR THE MOST PART | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43535 | |||
| 1754-09-24T08:00 | 3.73 | 57.21 | 261 | 6.7 | N15W | 108.00 | -9 | WSW, W, SW, WBS, W | FIRST PART OF THESE 24 HOURS A FRESH GALE, MIDDLE PART HARD SQUALLS, LATTER PART MORE MODERATE | MIDDLE HEAVY SHOWERS OF RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR WEATHER | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43536 | |||
| 1754-09-25T08:00 | 5.83 | 56.78 | 216 | 22.6 | N11W | 128.00 | -9 | W, WSW, WBS, SWBW, SW | MAJOR PART OF THESE 24 HOURS A STRONG GALE WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43537 | ||||
| 1754-09-26T08:00 | 7.10 | 56.71 | 239 | N4W | 76.00 | -9 | SWBW, WSW, SWBW, WSW | THESE 24 HOURS HARD SQUALLS | FREQUENT SHOWERS OF RAIN | LARGE SEA FROM THE WESTWARD | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43538 | ||||
| 1754-09-27T08:00 | 8.28 | 55.96 | 240 | 6.7 | N34W | 81.00 | -8 | WSW, SWBW, SW, SWBW, WSW | HARD GALES FOR THE FIRST PART, MIDDLE PART MODERATE, LATTER PART A PLEASANT BREEZE | FIRST PART A LARGE SEA FROM THE WESTWARD, LATTER SMOOTH WATER | LATTER CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43539 | |||
| 1754-09-28T08:00 | 10.70 | 54.78 | 240 | N34W | 128.00 | -8 | WSW, WBS, SW, SWBS, WSW | A FRESH GALE THE FIRST PART | MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43540 | |||||
| 1754-09-29T08:00 | 11.57 | 54.16 | 262 | 15.4 | N19W | 116.00 | -8 | WBS, W, SWBW, W | MODERATE GALES FOR THE FIRST AND LATTER PARTS, MIDDLE PART HARD GALES WITH SUDDEN GUST OF WIND | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43541 | |||||
| 1754-09-30T00:00 | 12.82 | 270 | 6.7 | 1 | WSW, WSW, SWBS, SW, SWBW, W | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS A PLEASANT BREEZE | ABUNDANCE OF LIGHTNING | CHIEFLY FAIR WEATHER, MIDDLE PART CLOUDY A THREATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 43542 |