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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CHINA cruise from Soerabaija to Nieuwediep started at 1854-01-07 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747903, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.930929 * Median Longitude: 18.353429 * South-bound Latitude: -36.150000 * West-bound Longitude: -37.530000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.070000 * East-bound Longitude: 115.120000
Date/Time Start: 1854-01-07T04:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1854-05-26T12:00:00
Event(s):
China_18540107_O_REIS_8_P51-62 * Latitude Start: -6.710000 * Longitude Start: 112.800000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1854-01-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1854-05-26T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: China, Voyage: Soerabaija - Nieuwediep, 1st Observer: J.G. Appel (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
17 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18 Present weatherwwWeather description
19 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 CommentComment
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2661 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
17 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
18 
ww
(Weather description)
19 
Precip descr
20 
State sea descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
Comment
31 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1854-01-07T04:00-9.72115.122592.6VM802WTZ2V04000000041802
1854-01-08T04:00-10.85114.581802.6VM802ZDOODSTIL000000041803
1854-01-09T04:00-11.22114.082144.6VM803ZZW, ZWTZ3000000041804
1854-01-10T04:00-11.15112.872252.6VM802ZW2V00000000041805
1854-01-11T04:00-11.78113.282032.6VM802ZZWS01, ZW2V00H00000000041806
1854-01-12T04:00-12.27113.931802.6VM802ZTW, Z2V00H00000000041807
1854-01-13T04:00-12.25112.832032.6VM802ZW, ZZW2V00000000041808
1854-01-14T05:00-12.42111.722032.6VM802ZZW2V00000000041809
1854-01-15T05:00-12.83110.451794.6VM8-13ZTO, Z3V00000000041810
1854-01-16T05:00-13.32109.322024.6VM8-13ZTW, ZZW3H00000000041811
1854-01-17T05:00-13.42108.021906.7VM8-14ZZW, ZTW4H00000000041812
1854-01-18T05:00-13.23106.451792.6VM8-12Z2H00000000041813
1854-01-19T05:00-13.50105.350.0VM8-1STIL000000041814
1854-01-20T05:00-13.65104.350.0VM8-1STIL000000041815
1854-01-21T05:00-14.00103.881122.6VM8-12ZO, OZO2V00H00000000041816
1854-01-22T05:00-14.50103.001349.3VM8-15ZOTZ, ZO5V00000000041817
1854-01-23T05:00-15.13101.321446.7VM8-24ZOTZ4HECHT WATERH00000000041818
1854-01-24T05:00-15.8399.531332.6VM8-22ZO2V00000000041819
1854-01-25T05:00-16.2097.971339.3VM8-25ZO5W20V10010000041820
1854-01-26T06:00-16.9395.801569.3VM8-25ZZO5V10, V05H00000000041821
1854-01-27T06:00-17.7392.971549.3VM8-45ZO, ZZO5V00H00000000041822
1854-01-28T06:00-18.7390.0813012.3VM8-56ZO6W00W20V05110000041823
1854-01-29T06:00-19.5786.92846.7VM8-64WTN, O4V00000000041824
1854-01-30T06:00-20.3284.50956.7VM8-64O, OTZ4V00H00000000041825
1854-01-31T07:00-21.2582.15736.7VM8-64O, OTN4HECHT WATERH00000000041826
1854-02-01T07:00-21.8380.2356.7VM8-64NOTN, NTO4H00000000041827
1854-02-02T07:00-22.4778.702982.6VM8-62NW, NWTW2V05000000041828
1854-02-03T07:00-23.2777.081362.6VM8-102ZTO, ZOTZ2V00H00000000041829
1854-02-04T07:00-23.5275.821259.31006.528.3VM8-10583.0029.72ZOTZ, ZO5W00V10100000041830
1854-02-05T07:00-24.3373.3210312.31006.528.3VM8-10683.0029.72OZO6H00000000041831
1854-02-06T07:00-25.3570.081139.31007.528.3VM8-11583.0029.75ZOTO5H00000000041832
1854-02-07T08:00-26.5767.1312312.31007.527.2VM8-12681.0029.75ZO6W00W20V05, V10110000041833
1854-02-08T08:00-27.2064.05892.61006.527.2VM8-12281.0029.72OTZ2W00W20V04110000041834
1854-02-09T08:00-27.8360.80964.61005.827.2VM8-17381.0029.70OTZ, OZO3V00000000041835
1854-02-10T08:00-28.4358.23732.61005.126.7VM8-17280.0029.68OTN, O2V00, V10000000041836
1854-02-11T08:00-28.9356.25609.31003.126.7VM8-19580.0029.62O, OTN5V00H00000000041837
1854-02-12T08:00-29.2353.75372.61002.426.7VM8-19280.0029.60OZO, NOTO2W20010000041838
1854-02-13T09:00-29.5352.001592.61000.128.3VM8-21283.0029.53ZZW, Z2000000041839
1854-02-14T09:00-29.3351.331599.31001.826.1VM8-21579.0029.58Z5000000041840
1854-02-15T09:00-29.9048.2011412.31010.926.7VM8-21680.0029.85ZO6000000041841
1854-02-16T09:00-30.5544.47906.71014.325.6VM8-23478.0029.95OTZ, OZO4V05000000041842
1854-02-17T09:00-31.2041.683622.61015.025.6VM8-24278.0029.97O, RONDLOPEND2000000041843
1854-02-18T09:00-31.2539.68662.61014.026.7VM8-24280.0029.94OZO, O2000000041844
1854-02-19T10:00-31.5537.233122.61008.528.3VM8-26283.0029.78N, NNW2000000041845
1854-02-20T10:00-31.9335.871776.7998.029.4VM8-26485.0029.47ZZW4000000041846
1854-02-21T10:00-32.1234.0826715.41007.527.2VM8-26781.0029.75NW, WNW7000000041847
1854-02-22T10:00-33.0331.972864.6999.124.4VM8-29376.0029.50WNW, NW3000000041848
1854-02-23T10:00-33.7831.873312.61003.825.6VM8-29278.0029.64NWTN, N2000000041849
1854-02-24T10:00-34.8031.522196.71004.826.7VM8-29480.0029.67NTO, ZW, WZW4000000041850
1854-02-25T10:00-34.5028.95612.61005.824.4VM8-29276.0029.70ZZO, O2000000041851
1854-02-26T10:00-34.4526.152852.61010.623.3VM8-30274.0029.84OZO, NW2000000041852
1854-02-27T10:00-34.6024.303082.61005.824.4VM8-30276.0029.70NW, NNW2000000041853
1854-02-28T10:00-34.3722.602402.61008.224.4VM8-30276.0029.77W2000000041854
1854-03-01T11:00-34.4822.152519.31002.823.3VM8-30574.0029.61WNW, WTN5V00000000041855
1854-03-02T11:00-35.4521.67604.61008.221.7VM8-30371.0029.77ZZW, O3H00000000041856
1854-03-03T11:00-35.4020.8527415.41004.524.4VM8-30776.0029.66WNW, NWTW7000000041857
1854-03-04T11:00-35.1819.322512.61001.123.9VM8-30275.0029.56NWTN, WTN2W00W20Z01110000041858
1854-03-05T11:00-36.1518.621396.71005.123.3VM8-30474.0029.68ZW, ZTO4000000041859
1854-03-06T11:00-34.5516.301626.71022.821.1VM8-29470.0030.20ZTW4V00H00000000041860
1854-03-07T11:00-33.1713.881069.31015.019.4VM8-29567.0029.97ZZO, ZO5000000041861
1854-03-08T11:00-31.5711.401306.71011.921.7VM8-28471.0029.88ZTO, ZZO4V05000000041862
1854-03-09T11:00-29.609.101522.61008.523.3VM8-28274.0029.78ZTO, Z2H00000000041863
1854-03-10T11:00-28.057.622422.6998.423.9VM8-28275.0029.48W2V04H01, H00000000041864
1854-03-11T12:00-27.076.776412.31009.224.4VM8-26676.0029.80ZOTZ, O6V00000000041865
1854-03-12T12:00-26.256.10642.61011.626.7VM8-26280.0029.87O2H00000000041866
1854-03-13T12:00-24.824.536412.31001.826.7VM8-26680.0029.58O6V05H00000000041867
1854-03-14T12:00-22.882.13996.7VM8-254ZO, ZOTO4H00000000041868
1854-03-15T12:00-21.470.521336.7VM8-254ZZO4000000041869
1854-03-16T12:00-20.23-1.001331.0VM8-251ZZO1000000041870
1854-03-17T12:00-18.83-2.621354.6VM8-233ZTO, ZZO3HECHT WATERV05000000041871
1854-03-18T12:00-17.38-3.901232.6VM8-232ZOTZ2V05H01000000041872
1854-03-19T12:00-16.07-5.421236.7VM8-234ZOTZ4V04, V05000000041873
1854-03-20T12:00-14.93-7.001236.7VM8-234ZOTZ4V04000000041874
1854-03-21T13:00-13.15-8.881139.3VM8-225ZO5V00000000041875
1854-03-22T13:00-11.38-10.771149.3VM8-215ZO5H00000000041876
1854-03-23T13:00-9.67-12.551266.7VM8-204ZOTZ4000000041877
1854-03-24T13:00-7.80-14.321496.7VM8-204ZZO, ZTO4W00100000041878
1854-03-25T13:00-5.68-15.471396.7VM8-194ZZO4H00000000041879
1854-03-26T13:00-3.68-16.783522.6VM8-192NTO2W20V10010000041880
1854-03-27T13:00-2.85-17.771186.7VM8-174ZOTO, ZO4V00, V05H00000000041881
1854-03-28T13:00-1.52-18.57832.6VM8-182OTZ2H00000000041882
1854-03-29T13:00-0.47-19.321964.6VM8-183ZW, ZWTZ3H00000000041883
1854-03-30T13:000.72-20.053204.6VM8-183NW, NNW3V00, V10000000041884
1854-03-31T13:002.10-20.183312.6VM8-182W, NTW2000000041885
1854-04-01T13:002.78-19.753534.6VM8-183NTO3V05, V04H00000000041886
1854-04-02T13:003.33-18.733534.6VM8-183NO, NTO3H00000000041887
1854-04-03T13:003.75-21.752972.6VM8-182N, NW2V00H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation41888
1854-04-04T13:003.80-20.353204.6VM8-183NTW, NNW3H00000000041889
1854-04-05T13:004.78-19.753312.6VM8-182NTW2V04H00000000041890
1854-04-06T13:005.43-18.68272.6VM8-182NTO, NO2H00000000041891
1854-04-07T13:005.90-18.6352.6VM8-182NTO, NNO2V00H00000000041892
1854-04-08T13:006.40-18.303422.6VM8-182NTO, N2V00000000041893
1854-04-09T13:006.57-18.383422.6VM8-182NTO, N2H00000000041894
1854-04-10T13:006.53-19.333312.6VM8-182NTW2H00000000041895
1854-04-11T13:006.35-20.473312.6VM8-182NTW2V00000000041896
1854-04-12T13:006.38-21.3052.6VM8-182NNO2000000041897
1854-04-13T13:006.62-22.00162.6VM8-182NOTN2H00000000041898
1854-04-14T14:007.15-23.22294.6VM8-163NOTN, NO3V05H00000000041899
1854-04-15T14:007.85-24.65172.6VM8-172NO, NOTN2H00000000041900
1854-04-16T14:008.52-25.7862.6VM8-172NNO2H00000000041901
1854-04-17T14:008.85-26.80284.6VM8-173NO3H00000000041902
1854-04-18T14:009.50-27.87316.7VM8-144ONO, NO4V00H00000000041903
1854-04-19T14:0010.93-29.00319.3VM8-145NO5H00000000041904
1854-04-20T14:0013.00-30.725212.3VM8-166ONO6000000041905
1854-04-21T14:0015.33-32.68666.7VM8-134OTN4V01H00000000041906
1854-04-22T14:0017.45-34.03662.6VM8-132N, OTN2V05, V00H00000000041907
1854-04-23T14:0018.90-34.72756.7VM8-154OTN, O4V00H00000000041908
1854-04-24T14:0020.77-35.42759.3VM8-155O5H00000000041909
1854-04-25T14:0023.27-35.70736.7VM8-174O4H00000000041910
1854-04-26T14:0025.45-35.62969.31010.624.4VM8-17576.0029.84OZO5H00000000041911
1854-04-27T14:0027.55-35.589412.31010.623.9VM8-19675.0029.84ZO, OZO6W00V04100000041912
1854-04-28T14:0030.43-34.85716.71012.623.9VM8-19475.0029.90O4H00000000041913
1854-04-29T14:0032.95-35.37466.71016.022.8VM8-22473.0030.00ONO4V05000000041914
1854-04-30T14:0034.70-36.30124.61016.023.3VM8-22374.0030.00NO, NOTN3000000041915
1854-05-01T15:0035.80-37.5324.61016.023.3VM8-21374.0030.00N, NNO3W00V00H00100000041916
1854-05-02T14:0036.58-36.42232.61011.623.9VM8-22275.0029.87NNO, NO2000000041917
1854-05-03T14:0036.93-35.121362.61015.320.0VM8-22268.0029.98ZZO2H00000000041918
1854-05-04T14:0037.63-34.781546.71043.119.4VM8-26467.0030.80Z4V00H00000000041919
1854-05-05T14:0038.83-33.771992.61019.424.4VM8-26276.0030.10ZWSTILV05000000041920
1854-05-06T14:0039.47-31.672222.61036.322.2VM8-26272.0030.60WZW2V00H00000000041921
1854-05-07T14:0039.92-31.101091.01019.422.8VM8-26173.0030.10ZOSTILH00000000041922
1854-05-08T14:0040.10-30.631882.61021.122.2VM8-26272.0030.15ZW, ZWTZ2V00H00000000041923
1854-05-09T14:0040.73-29.881434.61022.823.3VM8-26374.0030.20ZTO3V00000000041924
1854-05-10T14:0041.38-29.251654.61022.122.8VM8-26373.0030.18ZTW3H00000000041925
1854-05-11T14:0042.12-27.831324.61021.121.7VM8-26371.0030.15ZZO3V00H00000000041926
1854-05-12T14:0042.87-26.401411.01019.419.4VM8-28167.0030.10O, ZTO1000000041927
1854-05-13T14:0043.37-26.103431.01020.020.6VM8-28169.0030.12NTO1V10, V04000000041928
1854-05-14T14:0043.60-24.801074.61014.321.7VM8-28371.0029.95ZO3H00000000041929
1854-05-15T14:0044.40-23.53404.61013.620.0VM8-28368.0029.93ONO3V05, V04000000041930
1854-05-16T14:0045.40-23.22624.61032.921.7VM8-28371.0030.50OTN, O3V05000000041931
1854-05-17T14:0045.93-22.78624.61020.018.9VM8-28366.0030.12OZO, O3H00000000041932
1854-05-18T13:0046.72-22.383332.61020.717.8VM8-27264.0030.14NSTILH00000000041933
1854-05-19T13:0046.68-21.752774.61020.717.8VM8-27364.0030.14NW, NWTW3000000041934
1854-05-20T13:0047.02-19.8829912.31043.120.0VM8-27668.0030.80NW, NWTN6000000041935
1854-05-21T13:0048.00-15.7729812.31007.518.9VM8-28666.0029.75NW, NWTN6V04000000041936
1854-05-22T13:0048.88-11.552446.7996.016.7VM8-26462.0029.41WNW, W4W20010000041937
1854-05-23T13:0049.52-7.522446.7992.312.8VM8-26455.0029.30W4V10000000041938
1854-05-24T12:0049.73-5.201909.3998.716.7VM8-24562.0029.49ZW, ZWTZ5V10H00000000041939
1854-05-25T12:0050.33-1.30239.31000.411.11VM8-22552.0029.54ZZW, NO5W00W20V05110000041940
1854-05-26T12:0051.071.20999.114.41VM8-2258.0029.50000000041941