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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CHINA cruise from Liverpool to Batavia started at 1853-07-27 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747902, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -6.379800 * Median Longitude: 11.920500 * South-bound Latitude: -39.630000 * West-bound Longitude: -27.750000 * North-bound Latitude: 53.480000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1853-07-27T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-11-03T05:00:00
Event(s):
China_18530727_O_REIS_8_P51-62 * Latitude Start: 53.480000 * Longitude Start: -3.240000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-07-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-11-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: China, Voyage: Liverpool - Batavia, 1st Observer: J.G. Appel (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
17 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18 Present weatherwwWeather description
19 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1983 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
17 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
18 
ww
(Weather description)
19 
Precip descr
20 
State sea descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-07-27T12:0053.48-4.582892.61007.212.81VM8-26255.0029.36NW2000000041702
1853-07-28T12:0053.05-5.581994.61007.212.81VM8-26355.0029.36WZW, ZW3V05000000041703
1853-07-29T12:0052.37-5.722699.31006.510.01VM8-24550.0029.34WNW5V10000000041704
1853-07-30T12:0051.17-6.102356.71005.912.81VM8-24455.0029.32WTZ4000000041705
1853-07-31T12:0050.18-5.882352.61011.318.31VM8-24265.0029.48WTZS01, NW2000000041706
1853-08-01T12:0049.28-5.632352.61010.316.7VM8-24262.0029.45WTN, WTZS01, NW2000000041707
1853-08-02T12:0048.50-7.003142.61013.418.3VM8-24265.0029.54WNW, NNW2V00000000041708
1853-08-03T13:0047.33-7.93664.61012.718.3VM8-24365.0029.52ZOTO, O3H00000000041709
1853-08-04T13:0046.15-9.33662.61014.821.1VM8-24270.0029.58OTN, O2H00000000041710
1853-08-05T13:0044.15-11.07219.31029.223.9VM8-24575.0030.00ONO, NO5V00000000041711
1853-08-06T13:0041.52-12.68219.31014.823.9VM8-24575.0029.58NO5V05, V00000000041712
1853-08-07T13:0038.77-14.183252.61013.421.1VM8-24270.0029.54NTO, NTW2V00000000041713
1853-08-08T13:0036.88-15.202824.61014.123.9VM8-22375.0029.56NW, NWTW3H00000000041714
1853-08-09T13:0034.80-15.97912.61013.423.9VM8-22275.0029.54OTN, OZO2V00000000041715
1853-08-10T13:0033.45-16.082262.61013.423.9VM8-22275.0029.54ZWTW, WZW2V10000000041716
1853-08-11T13:0032.92-16.272482.61011.326.7VM8-22280.0029.48WZW, W2H00000000041717
1853-08-12T13:0032.03-16.131371.01009.327.8VM8-21182.0029.42ZO, ZZO1H00000000041718
1853-08-13T13:0031.80-16.28692.61013.429.4VM8-21285.0029.54O2V00H00000000041719
1853-08-14T13:0031.03-17.076912.31014.826.7VM8-21680.0029.58O6H00000000041720
1853-08-15T13:0028.68-18.37359.31029.225.6VM8-21578.0030.00O, NOTO5V00000000041721
1853-08-16T13:0026.05-19.50489.31012.727.2VM8-20581.0029.52ONO5H00000000041722
1853-08-17T13:0023.57-20.80259.31012.026.7VM8-20580.0029.50NO5000000041723
1853-08-18T13:0021.15-22.30159.31011.326.7VM8-19580.0029.48NO, NOTN5H00000000041724
1853-08-19T14:0018.93-24.0552.6VM8-182NO, NNO2V05H00000000041725
1853-08-20T14:0017.40-25.2561.0VM8-171NNO1000000041726
1853-08-21T14:0016.23-25.35842.6VM8-172OZO, OTZ2H00000000041727
1853-08-22T14:0015.27-25.42516.7VM8-174ONO4V00, V05H00000000041728
1853-08-23T14:0013.58-24.871639.3VM8-175OZO, Z5W00W20V10110000041729
1853-08-24T14:0011.88-24.382194.6VM8-173ZWTW3W00V10, V05100000041730
1853-08-25T14:0010.57-23.332642.6VM8-172W, WTN2H00000000041731
1853-08-26T14:009.47-22.502414.6VM8-183WTZ3V10, V04000000041732
1853-08-27T13:008.00-21.902182.6VM8-182ZW, ZWTW2W00W20V10110000041733
1853-08-28T13:006.57-21.021856.7VM8-184ZZW4000000041734
1853-08-29T13:006.00-18.271856.7VM8-184ZZW4H00000000041735
1853-08-30T13:004.98-15.921844.6VM8-193ZZW3000000041736
1853-08-31T13:004.43-16.101722.6VM8-192ZZW, ZTW2V00000000041737
1853-09-01T13:003.67-17.131614.6VM8-193Z3000000041738
1853-09-02T13:002.77-18.781622.6VM8-182Z2H00000000041739
1853-09-03T13:002.07-20.501732.6VM8-182ZTW2H00000000041740
1853-09-04T13:001.35-21.221516.7VM8-184ZTO4V05, V00H00000000041741
1853-09-05T14:000.37-23.281436.7VM8-154ZZO4V00H00000000041742
1853-09-06T14:00-1.28-23.801209.3VM8-155ZO5PASSAAT000000041743
1853-09-07T14:00-3.42-23.781202.6VM8-152ZO2H00000000041744
1853-09-08T14:00-5.75-24.901094.6VM8-153ZO, ZOTO3PASSAATLUCHTH00000000041745
1853-09-09T14:00-7.92-25.681106.7VM8-144O, ZOTO4W00W20110000041746
1853-09-10T14:00-10.23-25.77996.7VM8-144OZO4PASSAATLUCHTH00000000041747
1853-09-11T14:00-12.55-26.021212.6VM8-142ZO2000000041748
1853-09-12T14:00-14.03-26.581106.7VM8-144OZO, ZOTO4PASSAATWEDER000000041749
1853-09-13T14:00-15.75-27.281214.6VM8-143OZO, ZO3PASSAATLUCHTV00H00000000041750
1853-09-14T14:00-17.42-27.62906.7VM8-114OZO, OTZ4V00H00000000041751
1853-09-15T14:00-18.92-27.756912.3VM8-106O, OTN6HECHT WATER000000041752
1853-09-16T14:00-21.70-27.053212.3VM8-136ONO, NO6HECHT WATERV05H00, H01000000041753
1853-09-17T14:00-24.35-25.15339.3VM8-125OTN, NO5W20V10, V05010000041754
1853-09-18T14:00-26.07-23.183315.41015.621.1VM8-12770.0029.99NO7W00W20V05, V06110000041755
1853-09-19T13:00-27.90-19.874212.31014.024.4VM8-14676.0029.94NOTO6000000041756
1853-09-20T13:00-30.23-17.302815.41015.322.2VM8-17772.0029.98NO7000000041757
1853-09-21T13:00-32.18-13.82282.61014.022.2VM8-17272.0029.94NO2H01000000041758
1853-09-22T13:00-33.80-10.121279.31014.022.2VM8-19572.0029.94ZOTZ5W10V10001000041759
1853-09-23T12:00-35.08-6.821134.61016.019.4VM8-22367.0030.00ZO3000000041760
1853-09-24T12:00-34.92-5.17794.61021.418.3VM8-22365.0030.16OTZ3V05000000041761
1853-09-25T12:00-33.45-3.83469.31023.416.7VM8-22562.0030.22ONO5V05, V04000000041762
1853-09-26T12:00-34.85-3.63469.31022.117.8VM8-22564.0030.18ONO5V05H00000000041763
1853-09-27T12:00-35.93-1.77442.61019.418.3VM8-24265.0030.10OTN, ONO2V00000000041764
1853-09-28T12:00-36.850.45446.71019.418.3VM8-24465.0030.10OTN, ONO4V00000000041765
1853-09-29T12:00-37.933.13429.31019.418.3VM8-26565.0030.10O,ONO5V04000000041766
1853-09-30T12:00-39.185.20199.31019.413.9VM8-26557.0030.10NO5V10, V05000000041767
1853-10-01T11:00-39.588.683326.71014.316.1VM8-28461.0029.95NO, N4V05000000041768
1853-10-02T11:00-39.4512.052769.31003.516.1VM8-28561.0029.63W, NWTW5V05000000041769
1853-10-03T11:00-39.4215.3025212.3993.315.0VM8-29659.0029.33W, WTN6W20, W26010001041770
1853-10-04T11:00-38.9818.5830812.3999.113.9VM8-30657.0029.50NNW6V10000000041771
1853-10-05T10:00-39.0822.9835212.3999.115.6VM8-31660.0029.50NO, NNO6V10H00000000041772
1853-10-06T10:00-39.2727.3526212.3992.318.3VM8-31665.0029.30NW, WNW6W20V10010000041773
1853-10-07T10:00-39.0532.0726212.3999.119.4VM8-31667.0029.50WNW6000000041774
1853-10-08T10:00-38.9336.282509.31006.520.0VM8-31568.0029.72WTN5W20V05010000041775
1853-10-09T09:00-38.8739.72496.71012.620.0VM8-30468.0029.90NO, OTN4V05000000041776
1853-10-10T09:00-38.6042.0335312.31016.017.8VM8-30664.0030.00NNO6W00V05100000041777
1853-10-11T09:00-39.3246.1335412.31016.018.3VM8-29665.0030.00NTO, NNO6V00000000041778
1853-10-12T09:00-39.6251.1832115.41014.320.0VM8-28768.0029.95NNO, NTW7W20V05010000041779
1853-10-13T08:00-39.6256.2320912.31009.216.1VM8-27661.0029.80WTZ, ZWTW6V05000000041780
1853-10-14T08:00-39.6360.6819915.41010.914.4VM8-26758.0029.85WZW, ZW7000000041781
1853-10-15T08:00-39.0365.622454.61010.9VM8-25329.85ZWTZ, W3000000041782
1853-10-16T07:00-38.9369.1029115.41012.619.4VM8-24767.0029.90NNW, NW7W00V05100000041783
1853-10-17T07:00-39.1773.1531515.41005.817.2VM8-23763.0029.70NNW7V05H00000000041784
1853-10-18T07:00-39.1277.0033712.31005.817.2VM8-23663.0029.70N6W20V05010000041785
1853-10-19T07:00-37.4780.931076.71002.416.7VM8-17462.0029.60ZOTO4V00000000041786
1853-10-20T07:00-36.5582.483322.61004.115.6VM8-17260.0029.65N, NTW2V05H00000000041787
1853-10-21T06:00-36.0084.0227712.3999.115.6VM8-16660.0029.50NWTN, WNW6W00W20V05110000041788
1853-10-22T06:00-34.8587.3219812.3995.017.2VM8-16663.0029.38ZZW, ZWTZ6W00V10, V05100000041789
1853-10-23T06:00-33.0090.2523312.3995.716.7VM8-15662.0029.40ZWTW, WZW6V05000000041790
1853-10-24T06:00-31.4394.07916.7999.717.8VM8-10464.0029.52OTZ4V05H00000000041791
1853-10-25T06:00-29.3295.972602.61009.221.1VM8-10270.0029.80WSTILV00H00000000041792
1853-10-26T06:00-28.4797.151144.61016.024.4VM8-10376.0030.00O, ZOTO3W00W20110000041793
1853-10-27T05:00-27.1597.9010712.31016.023.3VM8-6674.0030.00OZO6H00000000041794
1853-10-28T05:00-24.6298.8210712.31014.323.3VM8-6674.0029.95OZO6V10000000041795
1853-10-29T05:00-21.50100.059712.3VM8-46OZO, OTZ6000000041796
1853-10-30T05:00-18.55100.6510912.3VM8-46ZOTO, OZO6H00000000041797
1853-10-31T05:00-15.50101.6312212.3VM8-26ZOTO6H00000000041798
1853-11-01T05:00-12.48102.9211312.3VM806ZOTO, OZO6H00000000041799
1853-11-02T05:00-9.48103.9313512.3VM806ZO6H00000000041800
1853-11-03T05:00-6.10106.86462.61VM812OZO, NO2H00000000041801