Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 9.468214 * Median Longitude: 91.223929 * South-bound Latitude: 5.830000 * West-bound Longitude: 82.720000 * North-bound Latitude: 13.520000 * East-bound Longitude: 99.080000

Date/Time Start: 1795-10-16T06:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1795-11-12T05:00:00

Event(s):

Centurian_17951016_NMM_ADM/L/C92 * Latitude Start: 12.100000 * Longitude Start: 80.500000 * Latitude End: 6.220000 * Longitude End: 99.080000 * Date/Time Start: 1795-10-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1795-11-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Centurian (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madras - Pulo Pinang, 1st Observer: Samuel Osborn (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1043BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
10	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14	Current speed description	V descr
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Precipitation description	Precip descr
17	Clearness	Clearness
18	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
19	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
20	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
21	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
22	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
24	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25	Comment	Comment
26	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

527 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	14 V descr	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 Precip descr	17 Clearness	18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	19 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	25 Comment	26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1795-10-16T06:00	13.08	82.72	137	9.3	MADRAS	W	25	E	73.00	2	SSE, S, SE			FRESH BREEZES		CLOUDY	0	0	0		39506
1795-10-17T06:00	13.33	82.88	160	6.7	MADRAS	S84W	49	N76E	62.00	2	SBW, SBE, SSE			MODERATE BREEZES		CLOUDY	0	0	0		39507
1795-10-18T06:00	13.52	83.42	362	1.0	MADRAS	S82W	59	N70E	32.00	2	SBE, S, VARIABLE			LIGHT AIRS		CLEAR	0	0	0		39508
1795-10-19T06:00	13.40	83.53	362	0.0	MADRAS	S84W	62	S45E	16.00	2	NE, VARIABLE	NNE	0.5	CALM		CLOUDY	0	0	0		39509
1795-10-20T06:00	12.67	84.13	115	1.0	MADRAS	N83W	74	S34E	53.00	2	NE, ESE			LIGHT AIRS			0	0	0		39510
1795-10-21T06:00	12.53	84.53	47	1.0	MADRAS	N82W	82	S45E	38.00	2	ESE, VARIABLE, NE			LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM			0	0	0		39511
1795-10-22T06:00	12.07	85.17	70	1.0	ACHERN HEAD	S57E	255	S53E	48.00	2	NEBE, VARIABLE, ENE			LIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLY	RAIN	CLOUDY	0	1	0		39512
1795-10-23T06:00	11.12	86.47	58	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S58E	215	S54E	96.00	2	VARIABLE, NE, NEBE			MODERATE BREEZES	SHOWERS OF RAIN		1	1	0		39513
1795-10-24T06:00	10.30	88.13	2	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S57E	179	S63E	108.00	2	NEBE, N			MODERATE BREEZES		CLEAR	0	0	0		39514
1795-10-25T06:00	9.73	88.48	362	2.6	ACHERN HEAD	S58E	166	S45E	30.00	2	VARIABLE	WSW	0.5	SQUALLY THEN LIGHT WINDS	HARD RAIN		0	1	1		39515
1795-10-26T06:00	9.68	89.28	362	2.6	ACHERN HEAD	S65E	160	S86E	52.00	2	VARIABLE			LIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLY	SMALL RAIN		0	1	0		39516
1795-10-27T06:00	10.33	90.42	126	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S40E	138	N59E	77.00	2	SSE, VARIABLE, SEBE			MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY		FAIR	0	0	0		39517
1795-10-28T06:00	10.15	91.18	47	2.6	ACHERN HEAD	S47E	130	S67E	48.00	2	ESE, NEBE, NE			LIGHT BREEZES		FAIR	0	0	0		39518
1795-10-29T06:00	9.57	92.00	25	2.6	ACHERN HEAD	S38E	107	S60E	72.00	2	NE, NNE			LIGHT WINDS			0	0	0		39519
1795-10-30T06:00	8.97	92.67	340	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S39E	93	S57E	50.00	2	NE, NNE, SSW, NNW			MODERATE BREEZES		CLOUDY	0	0	0		39520
1795-10-31T06:00	8.53	93.30	103	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S36E	78	S56E	40.00	2	NEBN, VARIABLE, EBS			MODERATE BREEZES		CLOUDY	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	39521
1795-11-01T06:00	9.07	94.80	81	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S26E	82	N45E	45.00	2	SEBE, VARIABLE, EBN			MODERATE BREEZES		CLEAR	0	0	0		39522
1795-11-02T06:00	9.57	95.53	13	1.0	ACHERN HEAD	S36E	103	N56E	49.00	2	ESE, SE, NBE			LIGHT AIRS		FAIR	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	39523
1795-11-03T06:00	9.65	96.00	362	2.6						2	VARIABLE			LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, THEN LIGHT WINDS			0	0	0		39524
1795-11-04T06:00	8.77	95.61	2	2.6	TELICAON ISLAND	SWBW	5			2	W, NW, N			LIGHT WINDS			0	0	0		39525
1795-11-05T06:00	6.97	95.22	47	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S12E	32	S41E	143.00	2	NW, VARIABLE, NE			MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY			0	0	0		39526
1795-11-06T06:00	6.13	95.57	115	1.0	ACHERN HEAD	S	15	S23E	53.00	2	E, VARIABLE, ESE	SW	0.5	LIGHT AIRS			0	0	0		39527
1795-11-07T06:00	5.83	96.00	362	6.7	ACHERN HEAD	S45W	14	S37E	37.00	2	EBN, EBS, VARIABLE			MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY		CLEAR	0	0	0		39528
1795-11-08T06:00	5.87	96.60	362		ACHERN HEAD	S64W	23	N87E	36.00	2	NEBE, ENE, VARIABLE			SQUALLY	RAIN		0	1	0		39529
1795-11-09T06:00	6.23	96.10	47	1.0	PINANG	S66E	37	N45W	34.00	2	NE, ENE, NE			LIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLY		CLOUDY	0	0	0		39530
1795-11-10T06:00	5.90	97.43	81		PINANG	S10E	42	S45E	29.00	2	NEBE, E, EBN			SQUALLY	HEAVY RAIN		0	1	1		39531
1795-11-11T05:00	5.92	98.02	57	2.6	PINANG	N67E	36	N66E	27.00	1	ENE, E, NEBE			LIGHT WINDS AND CALM	SMALL RAIN	CLOUDY	0	1	0		39532
1795-11-12T05:00	6.22	99.08	35	1.0	PINANG	S43E	19	N71E	80.00	1	NE, NEBN			CALM THEN LIGHT AIRS	RAIN	CLOUDY	0	1	0		39533