García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CENTURIAN cruise from Mauritius to Cochin started at 1794-10-23 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747856, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.738036 * Median Longitude: 72.831964 * South-bound Latitude: -19.020000 * West-bound Longitude: 58.400000 * North-bound Latitude: 9.960000 * East-bound Longitude: 89.440000
Date/Time Start: 1794-10-23T08:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-12-17T07:00:00
Event(s):
Centurian_17941023_NMM_ADM/L/C92 * Latitude Start: -20.100000 * Longitude Start: 57.410000 * Latitude End: 10.730000 * Longitude End: 75.790000 * Date/Time Start: 1794-10-23T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-12-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Centurian (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Mauritius - Cochin, 1st Observer: Samuel Osborn (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1043BM
Parameter(s):
# | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
14 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
15 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
16 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
17 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
18 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
19 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
20 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
21 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
22 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
23 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
24 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
25 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
26 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1040 data points
Data
1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 15 V descr | 16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 17 ww (Weather description) | 18 Precip descr | 19 Clearness | 20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 21 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 22 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 23 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 25 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 26 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1794-10-23T08:00 | -19.02 | 58.42 | 112 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | NWBW1/2W | 9 | -12 | SEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39399 | ||||||||
1794-10-24T08:00 | -18.33 | 58.40 | 123 | ISLE RONDE | S20W | 20 | N20E | 89.00 | -12 | SE, VARIABLE, SE | LIGHT AIRS THEN SQUALLY | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39400 | ||||||
1794-10-25T08:00 | -15.83 | 58.72 | 125 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S12W | 82 | N7E | 153.00 | -10 | SE | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39401 | |||||
1794-10-26T08:00 | -13.25 | 58.78 | 114 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S8W | 134 | N6E | 155.00 | -10 | SE, SEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39402 | |||||
1794-10-27T08:00 | -10.20 | 59.05 | 127 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S7W | 193 | N7E | 166.00 | -8 | SE | MODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39403 | |||||
1794-10-28T08:00 | -8.70 | 58.75 | 26 | 12.3 | ISLE RONDE | S5W | 221 | N10W | 113.00 | -8 | SE, NNE, NEBN | STRONG BREEZES | RAIN | CLOUDY THEN HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39404 | ||||
1794-10-29T08:00 | -8.07 | 58.67 | 352 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S5W | 236 | N7W | 89.00 | -8 | NNE, E, N | MODERATE AND SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39405 | ||||
1794-10-30T08:00 | -6.85 | 58.70 | 362 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S4W | 260 | N2E | 73.00 | -7 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39406 | |||||
1794-10-31T08:00 | -5.88 | 58.80 | 362 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S4W | 280 | N10E | 59.00 | -7 | VARIABLE | FRESH BREEZES THEN LIGHT AIRS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39407 | ||||
1794-11-01T08:00 | -4.83 | 59.27 | 218 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S5W | 301 | N24E | 67.00 | -7 | SW | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39408 | |||||
1794-11-02T08:00 | -4.50 | 60.50 | 196 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S10W | 310 | N75E | 78.00 | -7 | WSW, S, SSW | LIGHT WINDS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39409 | |||||
1794-11-03T08:00 | -4.02 | 61.43 | 362 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S13W | 325 | N62E | 62.00 | -7 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39410 | |||||
1794-11-04T08:00 | -4.45 | 61.77 | 362 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S11W | 349 | S36E | 31.00 | -7 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39411 | |||||
1794-11-05T08:00 | -4.63 | 62.77 | 120 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S18W | 319 | S79E | 60.00 | -4 | SSE, SE, SEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39412 | |||||
1794-11-06T08:00 | -4.73 | 63.45 | 131 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S20W | 321 | S81E | 40.00 | -4 | ESE, SEBE, SE | LIGHT WINDS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39413 | |||||
1794-11-07T08:00 | -4.82 | 64.45 | 120 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S23W | 327 | S84E | 60.00 | -4 | SE, SEBS, VARIABLE, SEBE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39414 | |||||
1794-11-08T08:00 | -4.78 | 65.17 | 131 | ISLE RONDE | S25W | 332 | S87E | 43.00 | -4 | ESE, VARIABLE, SE | MODERATE BREEZES THEN SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39415 | |||||
1794-11-09T08:00 | -4.40 | 66.10 | 97 | ISLE RONDE | S28W | 349 | N68E | 61.00 | -4 | SEBS, VARIABLE, EBS | MODERATE BREEZES THEN SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39416 | ||||||
1794-11-10T08:00 | -4.70 | 66.62 | 356 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S30W | 341 | -4 | E, EBN, VARIABLE, N | LIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLY | RAIN | PLEASANT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39417 | ||||||
1794-11-11T08:00 | -5.00 | 67.13 | 142 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S30W | 355 | N77E | 33.00 | -4 | VARIABLE, SW, S, SEBS | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39418 | |||||
1794-11-12T07:00 | -4.60 | 67.77 | 122 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S32W | 360 | N64E | 52.00 | -2 | SSE, SEBS, SEBE | LIGHT WINDS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39419 | |||||
1794-11-13T07:00 | -4.55 | 67.75 | 362 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S32W | 366 | N80E | 16.00 | -2 | SSW, SBW, SSW, VARIABLE | CALM THEN LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39420 | ||||||
1794-11-14T07:00 | -4.60 | 68.47 | 223 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S35W | 373 | N84E | 28.00 | -2 | SW | CALM THEN LIGHT AIRS | HOT AND SULTRY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39421 | ||||
1794-11-15T07:00 | -4.53 | 69.80 | 223 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S37W | 392 | N87E | 80.00 | -2 | SBW, SSW, SW | LIGHT WINDS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39422 | |||||
1794-11-16T07:00 | -4.40 | 70.77 | 246 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S39W | 400 | N82E | 59.00 | -2 | WSW, WSW | LIGHT WINDS | SULTRY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39423 | |||||
1794-11-17T07:00 | -4.52 | 71.52 | 268 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S41W | 406 | S80E | 39.00 | -2 | SW, WSW, W | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39424 | ||||||
1794-11-18T07:00 | -4.58 | 72.37 | 279 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S42W | 420 | S85E | 43.00 | -2 | WBN, WBS, WBN | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39425 | ||||||
1794-11-19T07:00 | -3.98 | 73.78 | 362 | ISLE RONDE | S44W | 473 | N65E | 84.00 | -1 | VARIABLE | FRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLY | HEAVY RAINS | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39426 | |||||
1794-11-20T07:00 | -3.87 | 74.75 | 280 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S46W | 460 | N82E | 50.00 | -1 | SBW, W, NW, WBN | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39427 | |||||
1794-11-21T07:00 | -4.05 | 75.48 | 67 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S50W | 484 | S73E | 38.00 | -1 | NW, VARIABLE, ENE | LIGHT AIRS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39428 | |||||
1794-11-22T07:00 | -4.32 | 76.69 | 362 | 1.0 | ISLE RONDE | S47W | 472 | S76E | 66.00 | -1 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39429 | |||||
1794-11-23T07:00 | -4.18 | 77.76 | 362 | 2.6 | ISLE RONDE | S50W | 483 | S82E | 57.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS THEN LIGHT WINDS | PLEASANT THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39430 | |||||
1794-11-24T07:00 | -4.37 | 79.53 | 315 | 6.7 | ISLE RONDE | S53W | 502 | S84E | 98.00 | 0 | NW | LIGHT AIRS THEN MODERATE BREEZES | SULTRY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39431 | ||||
1794-11-25T07:00 | -4.58 | 82.05 | 362 | ISLE RONDE | S56W | 542 | S85E | 143.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | MODERATE THEN SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39432 | |||||
1794-11-26T06:00 | -4.32 | 85.03 | 316 | ISLE RONDE | S58W | 587 | N84E | 166.00 | 1 | NNW, NW | FRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN THEN HARD RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39433 | |||||
1794-11-27T06:00 | -2.80 | 86.68 | 249 | 6.7 | POINT DE GALE | N29W | 204 | N45E | 130.00 | 1 | W, SW, SWBS, WSW | FRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLY BECOMING MORE MODERATE | HARD RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39434 | ||||
1794-11-28T06:00 | -0.32 | 89.17 | 227 | 12.3 | POINT DE GALE | N47W | 197 | N45E | 180.00 | 2 | SW, SSW, SW | STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39435 | ||||||
1794-11-29T06:00 | 2.82 | 89.31 | 283 | 19.0 | POINT DE GALE | N64W | 161 | N | 188.00 | 2 | SW, SSW, WSW, WBN | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39436 | |||||
1794-11-30T06:00 | 3.92 | 89.44 | 272 | 19.0 | POINT DE GALE | N72W | 151 | N | 65.00 | 2 | W, NNE, NBE, W | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY (HARD SQUALLS) | SMALL RAIN THEN RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39437 | |||||
1794-12-01T06:00 | 5.57 | 89.28 | 362 | 1.0 | POINT DE GALE | N84W | 138 | N22W | 38.00 | 2 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLY | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39438 | |||||
1794-12-02T06:00 | 6.00 | 88.75 | 362 | 1.0 | POINT DE GALE | N88W | 140 | N59W | 51.00 | 2 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39439 | |||||
1794-12-03T06:00 | 5.83 | 86.92 | 25 | 6.7 | POINT DE GALE | N85W | 85 | S85W | 119.00 | 2 | N, NNE | LIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLY, THEN MODERATE | PLEASANT THEN CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39440 | |||||
1794-12-04T06:00 | 6.22 | 84.59 | 103 | 9.3 | POINT DE GALE | N89W | 36 | N73W | 92.00 | 2 | NBE, NNE, EBS | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY (HARD SQUALLS) | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39441 | |||||
1794-12-05T06:00 | 6.23 | 84.26 | 70 | 6.7 | POINT DE GALE | W | 15 | W | 68.00 | 2 | E, VARIABLE, ENE | MODERATE BREEZES AND CALM | HARD RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39442 | |||||
1794-12-06T06:00 | 6.40 | 83.58 | 81 | 6.7 | POINT DE GALE | S52W | 13 | N80W | 50.00 | 2 | NE, VARIABLE, EBN | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39443 | |||||
1794-12-07T06:00 | 6.90 | 82.50 | 80 | 6.7 | CAPE COMARIN | N57W | 38 | N67W | 79.00 | 1 | NNE, EBN | MODERATE BREEZES | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39444 | |||||
1794-12-08T07:00 | 6.78 | 82.00 | 362 | 6.7 | FRIARS HOOD | WNW1/2W | 9 | 1 | VARIABLE | MODERATE BREEZES | DARK LOOKING WEATHER | HARD RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39445 | ||||||
1794-12-09T07:00 | 5.77 | 80.80 | 362 | 2.6 | EXTREMES OF LAND | WNW | 10 | 1 | VARIABLE | LIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39446 | |||||||
1794-12-10T07:00 | 6.00 | 79.75 | 362 | 1.0 | POINT DE GALE | EBN | 10 | 1 | NNW, EBN, VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39447 | |||||||
1794-12-11T07:00 | 6.50 | 79.17 | 362 | 6.7 | CAPE COMARIN | N43W | 39 | N66W | 60.00 | 1 | VARIABLE | MODERATE BREEZES | RAIN | PLEASANT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39448 | ||||
1794-12-12T07:00 | 7.18 | 78.52 | 362 | 9.3 | CAPE COMARIN | N47W | 22 | N43W | 56.00 | 1 | VARIABLE, N, VARIABLE | WBS | 1 | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM THEN FRESH BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39449 | ||||
1794-12-13T07:00 | 8.02 | 77.95 | 114 | 9.3 | CAPE COMARIN | EBN | 9 | 1 | NEBN, NE, ESE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39450 | |||||||
1794-12-14T07:00 | 8.57 | 76.75 | 56 | ANJANGO | NEBE | 1 | 1 | 0 | VARIABLE, NEBE | HOT AND SULTRY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39451 | ||||||||
1794-12-15T07:00 | 9.60 | 76.20 | 45 | 6.7 | 1 | 0 | SW, VARIABLE, NE | MODERATE BREEZES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39452 | |||||||||
1794-12-16T07:00 | 9.96 | 76.25 | 113 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | NBW, NNE, ESE | LIGHT AIRS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39453 | |||||||||
1794-12-17T07:00 | 9.96 | 76.25 | 362 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39454 |