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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CENTURIAN cruise from Mauritius to Cochin started at 1794-10-23 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747856, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.738036 * Median Longitude: 72.831964 * South-bound Latitude: -19.020000 * West-bound Longitude: 58.400000 * North-bound Latitude: 9.960000 * East-bound Longitude: 89.440000
Date/Time Start: 1794-10-23T08:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-12-17T07:00:00
Event(s):
Centurian_17941023_NMM_ADM/L/C92 * Latitude Start: -20.100000 * Longitude Start: 57.410000 * Latitude End: 10.730000 * Longitude End: 75.790000 * Date/Time Start: 1794-10-23T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-12-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Centurian (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Mauritius - Cochin, 1st Observer: Samuel Osborn (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 50G 1043BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
11 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15 Current speed descriptionV descr
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1040 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
15 
V descr
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
21 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
22 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
23 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
24 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
25 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
26 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1794-10-23T08:00-19.0258.421126.7ISLE RONDENWBW1/2W9-12SEBEMODERATE BREEZES000000039399
1794-10-24T08:00-18.3358.40123ISLE RONDES20W20N20E89.00-12SE, VARIABLE, SELIGHT AIRS THEN SQUALLYPLEASANT000000039400
1794-10-25T08:00-15.8358.721256.7ISLE RONDES12W82N7E153.00-10SEMODERATECLEAR000000039401
1794-10-26T08:00-13.2558.781146.7ISLE RONDES8W134N6E155.00-10SE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT000000039402
1794-10-27T08:00-10.2059.051276.7ISLE RONDES7W193N7E166.00-8SEMODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLYHAZY000000039403
1794-10-28T08:00-8.7058.752612.3ISLE RONDES5W221N10W113.00-8SE, NNE, NEBNSTRONG BREEZESRAINCLOUDY THEN HAZY010000039404
1794-10-29T08:00-8.0758.673526.7ISLE RONDES5W236N7W89.00-8NNE, E, NMODERATE AND SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY010000039405
1794-10-30T08:00-6.8558.703626.7ISLE RONDES4W260N2E73.00-7VARIABLEMODERATEPLEASANT000000039406
1794-10-31T08:00-5.8858.803621.0ISLE RONDES4W280N10E59.00-7VARIABLEFRESH BREEZES THEN LIGHT AIRSRAINCLOUDY010000039407
1794-11-01T08:00-4.8359.272181.0ISLE RONDES5W301N24E67.00-7SWLIGHT AIRSCLEAR000000039408
1794-11-02T08:00-4.5060.501962.6ISLE RONDES10W310N75E78.00-7WSW, S, SSWLIGHT WINDSPLEASANT000000039409
1794-11-03T08:00-4.0261.433621.0ISLE RONDES13W325N62E62.00-7VARIABLELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT000000039410
1794-11-04T08:00-4.4561.773621.0ISLE RONDES11W349S36E31.00-7VARIABLELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT000000039411
1794-11-05T08:00-4.6362.771206.7ISLE RONDES18W319S79E60.00-4SSE, SE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZESFAIR000000039412
1794-11-06T08:00-4.7363.451312.6ISLE RONDES20W321S81E40.00-4ESE, SEBE, SELIGHT WINDSPLEASANT000000039413
1794-11-07T08:00-4.8264.451206.7ISLE RONDES23W327S84E60.00-4SE, SEBS, VARIABLE, SEBEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR000000039414
1794-11-08T08:00-4.7865.17131ISLE RONDES25W332S87E43.00-4ESE, VARIABLE, SEMODERATE BREEZES THEN SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY010000039415
1794-11-09T08:00-4.4066.1097ISLE RONDES28W349N68E61.00-4SEBS, VARIABLE, EBSMODERATE BREEZES THEN SQUALLYCLOUDY000000039416
1794-11-10T08:00-4.7066.623562.6ISLE RONDES30W341-4E, EBN, VARIABLE, NLIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLYRAINPLEASANT010000039417
1794-11-11T08:00-5.0067.131421.0ISLE RONDES30W355N77E33.00-4VARIABLE, SW, S, SEBSLIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000039418
1794-11-12T07:00-4.6067.771222.6ISLE RONDES32W360N64E52.00-2SSE, SEBS, SEBELIGHT WINDSPLEASANT000000039419
1794-11-13T07:00-4.5567.753621.0ISLE RONDES32W366N80E16.00-2SSW, SBW, SSW, VARIABLECALM THEN LIGHT AIRS000000039420
1794-11-14T07:00-4.6068.472231.0ISLE RONDES35W373N84E28.00-2SWCALM THEN LIGHT AIRSHOT AND SULTRYCLOUDY000000039421
1794-11-15T07:00-4.5369.802232.6ISLE RONDES37W392N87E80.00-2SBW, SSW, SWLIGHT WINDSPLEASANT000000039422
1794-11-16T07:00-4.4070.772462.6ISLE RONDES39W400N82E59.00-2WSW, WSWLIGHT WINDSSULTRY000000039423
1794-11-17T07:00-4.5271.522681.0ISLE RONDES41W406S80E39.00-2SW, WSW, WLIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM000000039424
1794-11-18T07:00-4.5872.372791.0ISLE RONDES42W420S85E43.00-2WBN, WBS, WBNLIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM000000039425
1794-11-19T07:00-3.9873.78362ISLE RONDES44W473N65E84.00-1VARIABLEFRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLYHEAVY RAINSCLOUDY010000039426
1794-11-20T07:00-3.8774.752806.7ISLE RONDES46W460N82E50.00-1SBW, W, NW, WBNMODERATEFAIR000000039427
1794-11-21T07:00-4.0575.48671.0ISLE RONDES50W484S73E38.00-1NW, VARIABLE, ENELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT000000039428
1794-11-22T07:00-4.3276.693621.0ISLE RONDES47W472S76E66.00-1VARIABLELIGHT AIRSCLOUDY000000039429
1794-11-23T07:00-4.1877.763622.6ISLE RONDES50W483S82E57.000VARIABLELIGHT AIRS THEN LIGHT WINDSPLEASANT THEN CLOUDY000000039430
1794-11-24T07:00-4.3779.533156.7ISLE RONDES53W502S84E98.000NWLIGHT AIRS THEN MODERATE BREEZESSULTRYCLOUDY000000039431
1794-11-25T07:00-4.5882.05362ISLE RONDES56W542S85E143.000VARIABLEMODERATE THEN SQUALLYRAINCLOUDY010000039432
1794-11-26T06:00-4.3285.03316ISLE RONDES58W587N84E166.001NNW, NWFRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLYSMALL RAIN THEN HARD RAINHAZY010000039433
1794-11-27T06:00-2.8086.682496.7POINT DE GALEN29W204N45E130.001W, SW, SWBS, WSWFRESH BREEZES THEN SQUALLY BECOMING MORE MODERATEHARD RAINHAZY010000039434
1794-11-28T06:00-0.3289.1722712.3POINT DE GALEN47W197N45E180.002SW, SSW, SWSTRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY000000039435
1794-11-29T06:002.8289.3128319.0POINT DE GALEN64W161N188.002SW, SSW, WSW, WBNFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAIN010000039436
1794-11-30T06:003.9289.4427219.0POINT DE GALEN72W151N65.002W, NNE, NBE, WFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY (HARD SQUALLS)SMALL RAIN THEN RAIN010000039437
1794-12-01T06:005.5789.283621.0POINT DE GALEN84W138N22W38.002VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLYSMALL RAIN010000039438
1794-12-02T06:006.0088.753621.0POINT DE GALEN88W140N59W51.002VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND SQUALLYCLOUDY000000039439
1794-12-03T06:005.8386.92256.7POINT DE GALEN85W85S85W119.002N, NNELIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLY, THEN MODERATEPLEASANT THEN CLOUDY000000039440
1794-12-04T06:006.2284.591039.3POINT DE GALEN89W36N73W92.002NBE, NNE, EBSFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY (HARD SQUALLS)CLOUDY000000039441
1794-12-05T06:006.2384.26706.7POINT DE GALEW15W68.002E, VARIABLE, ENEMODERATE BREEZES AND CALMHARD RAIN010000039442
1794-12-06T06:006.4083.58816.7POINT DE GALES52W13N80W50.002NE, VARIABLE, EBNMODERATE BREEZESCLOUDY000000039443
1794-12-07T06:006.9082.50806.7CAPE COMARINN57W38N67W79.001NNE, EBNMODERATE BREEZESSHOWERS OF RAIN110000039444
1794-12-08T07:006.7882.003626.7FRIARS HOODWNW1/2W91VARIABLEMODERATE BREEZESDARK LOOKING WEATHERHARD RAIN010000039445
1794-12-09T07:005.7780.803622.6EXTREMES OF LANDWNW101VARIABLELIGHT WINDS AND SQUALLYCLOUDY000000039446
1794-12-10T07:006.0079.753621.0POINT DE GALEEBN101NNW, EBN, VARIABLELIGHT AIRSCLEAR000000039447
1794-12-11T07:006.5079.173626.7CAPE COMARINN43W39N66W60.001VARIABLEMODERATE BREEZESRAINPLEASANT010000039448
1794-12-12T07:007.1878.523629.3CAPE COMARINN47W22N43W56.001VARIABLE, N, VARIABLEWBS1LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM THEN FRESH BREEZES000000039449
1794-12-13T07:008.0277.951149.3CAPE COMARINEBN91NEBN, NE, ESEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY000000039450
1794-12-14T07:008.5776.7556ANJANGONEBE110VARIABLE, NEBEHOT AND SULTRY000000039451
1794-12-15T07:009.6076.20456.710SW, VARIABLE, NEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT000000039452
1794-12-16T07:009.9676.251131.010NBW, NNE, ESELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT000000039453
1794-12-17T07:009.9676.253621.010VARIABLELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT000000039454