Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -3.771546 * Median Longitude: 13.178454 * South-bound Latitude: -36.030000 * West-bound Longitude: -43.580000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.810000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.100000

Date/Time Start: 1839-04-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1839-08-08T12:00:00

Event(s):

Castor_18390427_T_REIS_9B_P75-78 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.940000 * Longitude End: 3.720000 * Date/Time Start: 1839-04-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1839-08-08T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Castor (Korvet), Voyage: Batavia - Hellevoetsluis, 1st Observer: J.H. de Raes (Luitenant Ter Zee), Company: MAR

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
10	Landmark	Landmark		Name of second landmark
11	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the second landmark
12	Landmark	Landmark		Name of third landmark
13	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the third landmark
14	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
15	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
16	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
17	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
18	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
19	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
20	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
21	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
22	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
23	Present weather	ww		Weather description
24	Precipitation description	Precip descr
25	State of the sea description	State sea descr
26	Cloud type	Cloud type
27	Clearness	Clearness
28	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
29	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
30	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
31	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
32	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
33	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
34	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
35	Comment	Comment
36	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1905 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	10 Landmark (Name of second landmark)	11 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark)	12 Landmark (Name of third landmark)	13 Bearing (Bearing of the third landmark)	14 - (1 If position is considered t...)	15 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	16 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	17 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	18 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	19 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	20 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	21 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	22 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	23 ww (Weather description)	24 Precip descr	25 State sea descr	26 Cloud type	27 Clearness	29 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	30 Fog (1 If fog was reported)	32 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	35 Comment	36 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1839-04-27T00:00			236	4.6									1	ANKER OP EN ONDER ZEIL		3			ZWTW		3				V04	H01	0	0	0		38010
1839-04-28T00:00			259	9.3			KRAKATAU	WNW 1/4 N	POELOE BESSIE	NNW 3/4 W			1			5			WTZ	W	5			Z04	V04		0	0	0		38011
1839-04-29T00:00			225	6.7			KRAKATAU	NTO	PRINSEN EILAND	ZW 1/2 W			1			4			ZW		4		W20		V04, V00		1	0	0		38012
1839-04-30T00:00			146	9.3			KRAKATAU	ONO 3/4 O	PIEK VAN DE BESSIE	NO 1/2 O	PRINSENEILAND	ZZO 1/4 O	1			5			ZOTZ		5				V01		0	0	0		38013
1839-05-01T05:00	-7.12	104.10	102	9.3											1	5			OTZ		5				V01		0	0	0		38014
1839-05-02T05:00	-8.35	102.37	362	12.3											0	6			VARIABEL		5-6				V03		0	0	0		38015
1839-05-03T05:00	-9.72	100.28	101	9.3											0	5			OTZ		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		38016
1839-05-04T05:00	-11.48	98.02	124	9.3											0	5			ZOTO		5				V04		0	0	0		38017
1839-05-05T06:00	-13.37	96.57	144	12.3											-2	6			ZOTZ		6				V07		0	0	0		38018
1839-05-06T06:00	-14.58	93.40	133	12.3	1021.3	27.8									-2	6	82.00	766.00	ZO		6				V04		0	0	0		38019
1839-05-07T06:00	-15.80	90.37	99	9.3	1021.3	27.2									-2	5	81.00	766.00	OTZ		4-5		W20		V07		1	0	0		38020
1839-05-08T06:00	-16.88	87.80	99	9.3	1022.7	26.7									-2	5	80.00	767.00	OTZ		5				V00		0	0	0		38021
1839-05-09T06:00	-17.98	85.15	108	6.7	1022.7	26.7									-5	4	80.00	767.00	OZO		5-4				V04		0	0	0		38022
1839-05-10T07:00	-19.17	82.43	118	6.7	1021.3	26.1									-6	4	79.00	766.00	ZOTO		4				V00		0	0	0		38023
1839-05-11T07:00	-20.13	80.08	118	9.3	1024.0	26.1									-6	5	79.00	768.00	ZOTO		5				V01		0	0	0		38024
1839-05-12T07:00	-21.38	77.47	95	6.7	1024.0	26.1									-6	4	79.00	768.00	OTZ		4					H00	0	0	0		38025
1839-05-13T07:00	-22.53	74.70	36	4.6	1022.7	26.7									-9	3	80.00	767.00	NO		3		W20		V00, V01		1	0	0		38026
1839-05-14T07:00	-23.55	72.98	70	4.6	1021.3	26.1									-9	3	79.00	766.00	OTN		3				V00, V04		0	0	0		38027
1839-05-15T07:00	-23.77	72.20	135	9.3	1022.1	26.1									-11	5	79.00	766.60	ZOTZ		5	W30					0	0	1		38028
1839-05-16T07:00	-24.80	70.33	124	12.3	1024.0	25.0									-11	6	77.00	768.00	ZO		6				V10		0	0	0		38029
1839-05-17T08:00	-24.58	67.20	89	12.3	1022.7	25.6									-12	6	78.00	767.00	OTZ		6		W20		V10		1	0	0		38030
1839-05-18T08:00	-25.00	63.33	78	12.3	1026.7	25.6									-12	6	78.00	770.00	O		6				V00, V04		0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	38031
1839-05-19T08:00	-25.82	59.87	65	9.3	1025.3	25.0									-14	5	77.00	769.00	OTN		6-5				V04		0	0	0		38032
1839-05-20T08:00	-26.45	57.02	64	6.7	1025.3	25.6									-15	4	78.00	769.00	OTN		4				V04		0	0	0		38033
1839-05-21T08:00	-27.03	54.67	356	9.3	1022.7	26.1									-15	5	79.00	767.00	NTO		5				V00, V01		0	0	0		38034
1839-05-22T09:00	-27.55	51.58	159	15.4											-21	7			ZW, Z		6-7				V10		0	0	0		38035
1839-05-23T09:00	-28.08	48.78	137	22.6	1022.7	23.9									-21	9	75.00	767.00	ZZO		9				V07		0	0	0		38036
1839-05-24T09:00	-28.20	46.98	112	12.3	1022.7	23.9									-23	6	75.00	767.00	ZO		7-6				V04		0	0	0		38037
1839-05-25T09:00	-28.62	44.20	45	6.7	1022.1	24.4									-23	4	76.00	766.60	ONO		4				V01		0	0	0		38038
1839-05-26T09:00	-29.30	41.53	155	6.7	1022.7	23.9									-25	4	75.00	767.00	Z		4				V00	H00	0	0	0		38039
1839-05-27T09:00	-29.83	39.67	301	9.3	1020.0	24.4									-25	5	76.00	765.00	NWTN		5				V01		0	0	0		38040
1839-05-28T09:00	-30.37	37.60	178	9.3	1028.0	23.3									-25	5	74.00	771.00	ZZW		6-5				V04, V00		0	0	0		38041
1839-05-29T10:00	-30.90	36.33	53	4.6	1030.7	23.3									-26	3	74.00	773.00	OZO, OTN		3				V00, V04		0	0	0		38042
1839-05-30T10:00	-30.92	35.22	323	1.0	1028.0	24.4									-26	1	76.00	771.00	NTW		1				V00, V01		0	0	0		38043
1839-05-31T10:00	-31.35	33.87	64	1.0	1028.0	23.3									-26	1	74.00	771.00	O		1				V10, V03		0	0	0		38044
1839-06-01T10:00	-31.55	33.55	53	6.7	1028.0	22.8									-26	4	73.00	771.00	OTN		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		38045
1839-06-02T10:00	-32.35	32.30	322	12.3	1026.7	22.8									-27	6	73.00	770.00	ONO, NTW		6				V00		0	0	0		38046
1839-06-03T10:00	-32.50	30.47	311	12.3											-27	6			NNW		6				V00, V10	H00	0	0	0		38047
1839-06-04T10:00	-34.45	28.87	241	12.3	1021.3	25.0									-29	6	77.00	766.00	NNW, W		6				V10		0	0	0		38048
1839-06-05T10:00	-35.65	25.50	219	12.3	1021.3	22.2									-29	6	72.00	766.00	WZW		6	W30, N, NW			V05, V10		0	0	1		38049
1839-06-06T10:00	-35.50	25.03	286	6.7	1022.7	22.2									-29	4	72.00	767.00	NO, NW		4			Z04	V00		0	0	0		38050
1839-06-07T10:00	-35.68	23.55	72	6.7	1021.3	21.7									-29	4	71.00	766.00	ZOTO, OTZ		4			Z04	V00		0	0	0		38051
1839-06-08T11:00	-36.03	21.82	219	6.7	1025.3	19.4									-29	4	67.00	769.00	WZW		5-4				V00, V04		0	0	0		38052
1839-06-09T11:00	-35.13	20.88	27	9.3	1026.7	18.9									-29	5	66.00	770.00	ZOTO, NOTO		5				V04, V01		0	0	0		38053
1839-06-10T11:00	-34.97	19.25	174	12.3	1025.3	18.3									-29	6	65.00	769.00	ZZW		6				V00, V04		0	0	0		38054
1839-06-11T11:00	-34.38	16.07	186	12.3	1026.7	18.9									-28	6	66.00	770.00	ZWTZ		6				V05, V03		0	0	0		38055
1839-06-12T11:00	-32.25	13.95	85	12.3											-28	6			OZO		5-6				V07		0	0	0		38056
1839-06-13T11:00	-30.87	11.53	119	6.7	1026.7	18.9									-27	4	66.00	770.00	ZOTZ		4		W20		V05, V10		1	0	0		38057
1839-06-14T11:00	-29.57	9.45	108	22.6											-27	9			ZO		8-9			Z01	V10		0	0	0		38058
1839-06-15T12:00	-27.77	6.63	88	19.0	1028.0	18.9									-25	8	66.00	771.00	OZO		7-8				V03		0	0	0		38059
1839-06-16T12:00	-25.82	4.05	99	9.3	1026.7	18.9									-25	5	66.00	770.00	ZOTO		5				V05, V03		0	0	0		38060
1839-06-17T12:00	-23.82	2.40	122	6.7	1024.0	20.0									-24	4	68.00	768.00	ZOTZ		4				V05, V03		0	0	0		38061
1839-06-18T12:00	-22.22	0.57	122	4.6	1022.7	20.6									-24	3	69.00	767.00	ZOTZ		3				V00, V04		0	0	0		38062
1839-06-19T12:00	-20.63	-0.33	122	6.7											-24	4			ZOTZ		4				V00, V04		0	0	0		38063
1839-06-20T12:00	-18.90	-1.93	145	6.7	1024.0	22.2									-24	4	72.00	768.00	ZTO		5-4				V04		0	0	0		38064
1839-06-21T12:00	-16.93	-3.57	136	9.3	1021.3	22.8									-22	5	73.00	766.00	ZZO		5				V00, V04	H01	0	0	0		38065
1839-06-22T12:00	-16.03	-4.92	102	9.3	1022.7	23.9									-22	5	75.00	767.00	ZOTO		5				V04	H01	0	0	0		38066
1839-06-23T12:00	-14.68	-6.87	79	12.3	1022.7	24.4									-22	6	76.00	767.00	OTZ		5-6				V00, V04	H01	0	0	0		38067
1839-06-24T13:00	-13.15	-9.00	93	9.3	1024.0	25.6									-20	5	78.00	768.00	OZO		5				V04		0	0	0		38068
1839-06-25T13:00	-11.10	-11.25	104	9.3	1022.7	26.1									-20	5	79.00	767.00	ZOTO		5				V04		0	0	0		38069
1839-06-26T13:00	-9.17	-13.35	117	12.3	1020.0	26.7									-18	6	80.00	765.00	ZO		6		W20				1	0	0		38070
1839-06-27T13:00	-7.32	-15.47	50	12.3											-18	6			ONO		6		W20		V04		1	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	38071
1839-06-28T13:00	-5.58	-17.10	38	9.3	1020.0	26.7									-18	5	80.00	765.00	NOTO		5				V00		0	0	0		38072
1839-06-29T13:00	-3.28	-20.03	355	9.3	1018.7	26.7									-16	5	80.00	764.00	NTO		5				V00		0	0	0		38073
1839-06-30T13:00	-1.38	-21.40	52	6.7	1018.7	27.2									-16	4	81.00	764.00	ONO		4				V04		0	0	0		38074
1839-07-01T13:00	0.50	-22.40	85	9.3	1018.7	27.2									-16	5	81.00	764.00	OTZ		4-5				V00	H01	0	0	0		38075
1839-07-02T14:00	2.43	-23.67	132	9.3	1018.7	27.2									-14	5	81.00	764.00	ZOTZ		5				V05	H00	0	0	0		38076
1839-07-03T14:00	5.30	-24.73	210	6.7											-15	4			O, ZW		5-4		W20		V05		1	0	0		38077
1839-07-04T14:00	7.42	-25.28	176	6.7	1018.7	26.7									-15	4	80.00	764.00	ZTW		3-4		W20		V05		1	0	0		38078
1839-07-05T14:00	9.85	-25.62	356	9.3	1018.7	27.2									-15	5	81.00	764.00	NTO		5				V00, V04, V01		0	0	0		38079
1839-07-06T14:00	10.43	-25.03	334	12.3	1018.7	27.2									-15	6	81.00	764.00	NTW		6				V00, V04		0	0	0		38080
1839-07-07T14:00	10.43	-26.72	64	9.3	1020.0	27.2									-15	5	81.00	765.00	OTN		5				V00	H01	0	0	0		38081
1839-07-08T14:00	11.50	-28.02	21	6.7	1021.3	27.2									-13	4	81.00	766.00	NOTN		4					H01	0	0	0		38082
1839-07-09T14:00	13.60	-29.28	9	12.3	1020.0	26.1									-14	6	79.00	765.00	NNO		6				V10, V03		0	0	0		38083
1839-07-10T14:00	14.93	-31.18	31	12.3	1022.7	26.7									-14	6	80.00	767.00	NO		6				V07		0	0	0		38084
1839-07-11T14:00	16.70	-32.78	44	9.3	1025.3	25.6									-12	5	78.00	769.00	NOTO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		38085
1839-07-12T14:00	18.87	-34.27	32	9.3	1025.3	25.6									-13	5	78.00	769.00	NO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		38086
1839-07-13T14:00	21.27	-35.82	43	12.3	1024.0	25.6									-13	6	78.00	768.00	NOTO		5-6				V00, V04, V01		0	0	0		38087
1839-07-14T14:00	23.12	-37.17	41	12.3	1026.7	26.1									-15	6	79.00	770.00	NOTO		6				V00, V04		0	0	0		38088
1839-07-15T15:00	25.38	-38.27	43	12.3	1028.0	27.2									-13	6	81.00	771.00	NOTO		6				V00, V04		0	0	0		38089
1839-07-16T15:00	27.85	-39.83	52	9.3	1030.7	26.7									-16	5	80.00	773.00	ONO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		38090
1839-07-17T15:00	30.17	-40.72	355	9.3	1033.3	27.8									-16	5	82.00	775.00	NTO		5				V00, V04		0	0	0		38091
1839-07-18T15:00	32.10	-41.87	29	4.6	1033.3	27.2									-16	3	81.00	775.00	NO		3				V00		0	0	0		38092
1839-07-19T15:00	33.80	-43.48		0.0	1032.0	27.2									-17	0	81.00	774.00			STIL				V04		0	0	0		38093
1839-07-20T15:00	34.50	-43.58	242	4.6	1032.0	26.7									-17	3	80.00	774.00	WTZ		3				V04		0	0	0		38094
1839-07-21T15:00	35.33	-42.73	231	9.3	1032.0	27.2									-17	5	81.00	774.00	WZW		5				V04		0	0	0		38095
1839-07-22T15:00	36.03	-40.68	285	6.7	1032.0	26.7									-19	4	80.00	774.00	NWTW		4		W20		V00, V04		1	0	0		38096
1839-07-23T15:00	36.73	-38.60	262	4.6	1029.3	26.1									-19	3	79.00	772.00	WTN		3				V00, V04		0	0	0		38097
1839-07-24T14:00	37.22	-36.75	306	9.3	1028.0	25.6									-21	5	78.00	771.00	NWTN		5				V04		0	0	0		38098
1839-07-25T14:00	38.38	-34.77	257	9.3	1026.7	25.0									-24	5	77.00	770.00	WTN		5				V04	H01	0	0	0		38099
1839-07-26T14:00	39.67	-32.37	269	9.3	1024.0	25.0									-24	5	77.00	768.00	WNW		5				V04, V03		0	0	0		38100
1839-07-27T14:00	40.97	-30.35	201	9.3	1020.0	23.9									-24	5	75.00	765.00	ZW		4-5				V00, V01	H01	0	0	0		38101
1839-07-28T14:00	42.17	-28.33	190	22.6	1020.0	23.3									-24	9	74.00	765.00	ZWTZ		9		W20		V05		1	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	38102
1839-07-29T14:00	43.57	-23.75	243	6.7	1018.7	19.4									-27	4	67.00	764.00	NNW, W		5-4				V00		0	0	0		38103
1839-07-30T13:00	44.95	-20.63	209	9.3	1018.7	21.1									-27	5	70.00	764.00	ZWTW		5				V05		0	0	0		38104
1839-07-31T13:00	45.98	-17.20	210	19.0	1010.7	21.1									-26	8	70.00	758.00	ZWTW		8	W10			V05		0	1	0		38105
1839-08-01T13:00	47.73	-12.50	266	6.7	1017.6	19.4									-27	4	67.00	763.20	WNW		4				V00		0	0	0		38106
1839-08-02T13:00	48.25	-10.67	277	9.3	1024.8	18.3									-27	5	65.00	768.60	NWTW		5			Z04	V00, V01		0	0	0		38107
1839-08-03T13:00	48.87	-8.40	299	6.7	1029.3	18.9									-27	4	66.00	772.00	NWTN		5-4				V00		0	0	0		38108
1839-08-04T12:00	49.62	-5.07	313	6.7	1029.1	18.3									-25	4	65.00	771.80	NNW		4				V00	H01	0	0	0		38109
1839-08-05T00:00	50.32												1														0	0	0		38110
1839-08-08T12:00	51.81	4.08					ZUIDVOORLAND	NWTW	HET ZUIDLAND	N 1/2 O			1		-21												0	0	0		38111