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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BELMONT cruise from Java Head to The Downs started at 1789-01-17 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747654, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -0.632430 * Median Longitude: 15.181776 * South-bound Latitude: -36.420000 * West-bound Longitude: -41.080000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.500000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.430000
Date/Time Start: 1789-01-17T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-05-07T12:00:00
Event(s):
Belmont_17890117_BL_L/MAR/B/444D * Latitude Start: -6.070000 * Longitude Start: 105.770000 * Latitude End: 47.720000 * Longitude End: -5.280000 * Date/Time Start: 1789-01-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1789-05-07T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Belmont, Voyage: Java Head - Downs, 1st Observer: Dick Gamage (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 CommentComment
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1755 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
Comment
26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1789-01-17T05:00-6.77104.433156.7JAVA HEADE3/4S7N81W24.000VARIABLE, NWMODERATE BREEZESUNSETTLED000000029684
1789-01-18T05:00-9.77103.033629.3S80W166.00-1NWBW, VARIABLEFRESH BREEZES AND SQULALY000000029685
1789-01-19T05:00-10.18102.581576.7S64W61.00-1VARIABLE, NW, WBS, SSEMODERATE BREEZES AND SQUALLY000000029686
1789-01-20T05:00-10.35100.821799.3S85W105.00-1SBE, VARIABLE, SLIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY000000029687
1789-01-21T05:00-10.7399.721572.6S77W56.00-1S, SEBS, VARIABLE, S, SSELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT000000029688
1789-01-22T05:00-10.6799.033621.0W42.00-1VARIABLE, S, VARIABLELIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMHOT000000029689
1789-01-23T05:00-11.1799.132242.6S9E35.00-1VARIABLE, SWBW, WSW, SWLIGHT BREEZESFAIR000000029690
1789-01-24T05:00-11.2299.232472.6S30E13.00-1SW, VARIABLE, SBW, VARIABLE, WSWLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000029691
1789-01-25T05:00-11.4799.503622.6S88E24.00-1SW, VARIABLE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZE AND CALMCLEAR000000029692
1789-01-26T05:00-11.5099.372351.0S85E10.00-1VARIABLE, WSW, SWBWLIGHT AIRS AND MOSTLY CALM000000029693
1789-01-27T05:00-11.7598.433622.6S68W59.00-1S, SBW, VARIABLE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT000000029694
1789-01-28T06:00-11.7797.031689.3COCOS ISLANDSS15E - S28E3W82.00-1VARIABLE, SSW, VARIABLE, SBW, SBEFINE BREEZESPLEASANT000000029695
1789-01-29T06:00-11.8795.773629.3W1/2S75.00-1VARIABLE, S, VARIABLEFINE BREEZESPLEASANT000000029696
1789-01-30T06:00-12.0594.671459.3W10S58.00-1S, VARIABLE, SBW, SEBSFINE BREEZESPLEASANT000000029697
1789-01-31T06:00-12.2894.173622.6W13S38.00-1VARIABLE, S, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000029698
1789-02-01T06:00-13.2092.731562.6S67W91.00-2VARIABLE, S, SBE, SSEFIRS TAND LATER LIGHT BREEZES, MID FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY000000029699
1789-02-02T06:00-13.8790.551676.7S73W134.00-2SSE, VARIABLE, SBEPLEASANT BREEZESFAIR000000029700
1789-02-03T06:00-14.9085.05362S72W198.00-2SBE, VARIABLE, VARIABLEFRESH TRADE, LATTER SQUALLYRAINFAIR010000029701
1789-02-04T07:00-15.9282.18144S70W177.00-3SEBE, SE, VARIABLE, SEBSFRESH TRADE, LATTER SQUALLYRAINFAIR010000029702
1789-02-05T07:00-17.0079.5512212.3WSW164.00-3VARIABLE, SE, ESE, SEBEFRESH TRADE WITH FREQUENT SQUALLSRAIN010000029703
1789-02-06T07:00-18.4876.6811812.3S63W180.00-6VARIABLE, SEBEFRESH TRADESWELL FROM SEFAIR000000029704
1789-02-07T07:00-19.4873.7512912.3S70W182.00-6SEBE, ESE, SEFRESH TRADESE SWELLFAIR000000029705
1789-02-08T07:00-20.7770.4210512.3WSW204.00-8SEBE, ESE, VARIABLE, ENE, ESEFRESH TRADECLOUDY000000029706
1789-02-09T08:00-21.9867.4710312.3S65W181.00-10ESEFRESH TRADESE SWELLFAIR000000029707
1789-02-10T08:00-23.2064.7713312.3S67W184.00-13EBS, VARIABLE, SEBSFRESH TRADESE SWELLFAIR000000029708
1789-02-11T08:00-24.3361.2814212.3S66W189.00-16SEBE, SSEFRESH TRADECLOUDY000000029709
1789-02-12T08:00-25.5757.839712.3S70W200.00-16SE, SEBE, ESEFRESH TRADEFAIR000000029710
1789-02-13T08:00-26.4754.8310612.3S71W191.00-18SEBEFRESH TRADEPLEASANT000000029711
1789-02-14T09:00-27.6252.08779.3S65W162.00-24SEBE, EBS, EBSPLEASANT TRADESMALL SE SWELLFAIR000000029712
1789-02-15T09:00-28.5751.923599.3S68W142.00-24EBN, NNEMODERATE TRADEPLEASANT000000029713
1789-02-16T09:00-29.5246.95362S67W148.00-26NEBE, VARIABLEFORMER MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER UNSETTLEDFAIR000000029714
1789-02-17T09:00-30.6043.951099.3S66W169.00-26VARIABLE, S, SEFORMER VERY UNSETTLED, LATTER STEADY BREEZESSWELL FORM S000000029715
1789-02-18T09:00-31.8340.88869.3S68W193.00-27SSE, VARIABLE, SE, ESEFRESH BREEZESSE SWELLPLEASANT000000029716
1789-02-19T10:00-32.9737.153626.7SW178.00-28SEBE, VARIABLE, VARIABLEMODERATE BREEZESSE SWELLMOSTLY PLEASANT000000029717
1789-02-20T10:00-33.7034.62622.6S71W152.00-28EFORMER MODERATE BREEZE, LATTER LIGHT WINDSPLEASANT000000029718
1789-02-21T10:00-33.8532.35198S85W105.00-27ENE, VARIABLE, NNE, SWUNSETTLEDCONFUSED SEAFIRST PART PLEASANT000000029719
1789-02-22T10:00-33.9731.133626.7N85W61.00-27SW, SWBS, SSW, VARIABLEFORMER UNSETTLED AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATECONFUSED SEAPLEASANT000000029720
1789-02-23T10:00-34.7029.23187S66W103.00-27NEBE, N, NBW, VARIABLE, SWBW, SW, SWBSMID UNSETTLED AND SQUALLYCONFUSED SWELLFIRST AND LAST PLEASANT000000029721
1789-02-24T10:00-34.5228.131642.6N80W55.00-27SW, SWBW, SW, VARIABLE, SBW, SBWLIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT000000029722
1789-02-25T10:00-35.6325.63646.7S64W136.00-26VARIABLE, SSE, SEBE, EBN, ENE, EMODERATE BREEZEPLEASANT000000029723
1789-02-26T11:00-36.4222.42362N88W156.00-24EBN, NEBN, VARIABLE, SWBW, SW, VARIABLEFORMER UNSETTLEDLATTER PLEASANT000000029724
1789-02-27T11:00-34.8318.971119.3N65W188.00-24SWBS, SE, SEBS, SEFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT000000029725
1789-02-28T11:00-33.0515.3013612.3NWBW221.00-22SEBE, SSESTEADY GALESPLEASANT000000029726
1789-03-01T11:00-30.7212.476919.0N44W210.00-21S, SSE, SEBE, VARIABLE, EFRESH GALESHAZY000000029727
1789-03-02T11:00-29.6811.432152.6N42W81.00-21E, VARIABLE, ENE, SWBWLIGHT WINDSSMOOTH WATERTHICK CLOUDY000000029728
1789-03-03T11:00-27.459.002279.3N42W181.00-21WSW, VARIABLE, SSW, SW, S, WSWFRESH RBEEZESSMOOTH WATERPLEASANT0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation29729
1789-03-04T12:00-26.227.451612.6N47W114.00-19SW, VARIABLE, SLIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERCLOUDY000000029730
1789-03-05T12:00-24.725.871396.7N47W118.00-19SSW, WBS, SEBS, SSEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT000000029731
1789-03-06T12:00-22.873.383629.3N45W159.00-19SSE, S, SBE, VARIABLEFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation29732
1789-03-07T12:00-21.101.5336212.3N45W145.00-17SSE, SE, VARIABLE, SEBS, VARIABLESTEADY TRADEPLEASANT000000029733
1789-03-08T12:00-19.680.031079.3N44W122.00-17SSE, VARIABLE, SEBEMODERATE TRADE, SOME FLYING SQUALLS000000029734
1789-03-09T12:00-17.92-2.201079.3N49W168.00-17SBE, VARIABLE, SEBEPLEASANT TRADECLOUDY000000029735
1789-03-10T12:00-15.95-5.2710912.3N51W186.00-15SEBEFRESH TRADESMOOTH WATERCLOUDY000000029736
1789-03-15T12:00-14.23-7.401206.7N45W136.00-15SELIGHT TRADEPLEASANT000000029737
1789-03-16T13:00-13.08-8.951222.6N47W125.00-13SEFORMER MODERATE TRADE, LATTER LIGHT WINDSUNSETTLED000000029738
1789-03-17T13:00-11.50-10.651216.7N47W137.00-14SELIGHT TRADESMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029739
1789-03-18T13:00-9.98-12.201216.7NW130.00-14SELIGHT TRADESMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029740
1789-03-19T13:00-8.42-13.801246.7NW134.00-11SELIGHT TRADEVERY PLEASANT000000029741
1789-03-20T13:00-6.52-15.083626.7N33W139.00-12SE, VARIABLELIGHT TRADELATTER UNSETTLED0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation29742
1789-03-21T13:00-5.02-16.103626.7NWBN109.00-12SEBS, VARIABLELIGHT TRADESMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029743
1789-03-22T13:00-3.93-16.75782.6N37W65.00-12ESE, SW, VARIABLE, SEBS, NBE, ELIGHT BREEZESUNSETTLED000000029744
1789-03-23T13:00-3.02-18.451040.0N11W37.00-9VARIABLE, SS, SE, ESECALMRAINFINE010000029745
1789-03-24T13:00-1.63-18.771251.0N10W63.00-10SBE, S, SELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT000000029746
1789-03-25T13:00-0.58-18.821251.0N11W43.00-10S, VARIABLE, SEFIRST AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS MID UNSETTLEDPLEASANT000000029747
1789-03-26T13:00-0.12-18.90691.0N16W17.00-10SE, S, VARIABLE, NEBE, EBNLIGHT AIRS AND CALMCLOUDY000000029748
1789-03-27T13:001.13-19.02802.6N7W62.00-10VARIABLE, ELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT000000029749
1789-03-28T13:002.73-19.583622.6N25W79.00-11EBN, E, VARIABLELIGHT WINDSPLEASANT000000029750
1789-03-29T13:003.30-20.123622.6N43W47.00-11EBN, VARIABLELIGHT WINDSVERY UNSETTLED000000029751
1789-03-30T13:003.35-20.233620.0N4W10.00-11VARIABLECALMCLOUDY AND UNSETTLED000000029752
1789-03-31T13:003.85-20.083382.6N16E45.00-11VARIABLE, NW, N, NBWLIGHT BREEZESFIRST UNSETTLED, MID AND LATTER PLEASANT000000029753
1789-04-01T13:004.57-21.30232.6N57W87.00-11N, NNE, NEBN, NEBNLIGHT WINDSSMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029754
1789-04-02T14:005.38-22.82257.3N61W104.00-9NEBN, NNE, NBE, NEBNINCREASING BREEZECLOUDY000000029755
1789-04-03T14:006.47-24.63149.3N52W138.00-9NEBN, NNE, NE, NNEMODERATE TRADESMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029756
1789-04-04T14:007.98-26.922412.3N58W160.00-10NNE, NEBNFRESH TRADEN SWELLCLOUDY000000029757
1789-04-05T14:009.42-28.48362N49W123.00-7N, NEBN, VARIABLEFORMER MODERATE BREEZES DECREASINGLARGE N SWELLLATTER UNSETTLED000000029758
1789-04-06T14:0011.23-30.00389.3N41W137.00-7NEBN, NEBE, NEMODERATE TRADELARGE N SWELLHAZY000000029759
1789-04-07T14:0013.17-31.182512.3N32W131.00-9NE, NEBE, NEBNFRESH TRADESWELL MUCH FALLENTHICK HAZY000000029760
1789-04-08T14:0015.15-32.35479.3N31W133.00-9NE, NEBN, ENE, VARIABLE, NEBEMODERATE TRADEUNSETTLED000000029761
1789-04-09T14:0017.35-33.5035410.0N26W153.00-6ENE, NEBE, VARIABLE, NBRISK TRADE AND SQUALLYUNSETTLEDLARGE N SWELL000000029762
1789-04-10T14:0019.68-34.7036210.0-8NEBE, VARIABLEBRISK TRADEUNSETTLEDN SWELL000000029763
1789-04-11T14:0021.75-36.373712.3N39W148.00-8NEBN, NE, VARIABLE, NEFRESH TRADE AND SQUALLYUNSETTLEDCONFUSED N SWELL000000029764
1789-04-12T15:0023.67-37.77489.3N35W137.00-8NEBN, NE, VARIABLE, NEBEMODERATE TRADEN SWELL CONTINUESFORMER PLEASANT, LATTER UNSETTLED000000029765
1789-04-13T15:0025.65-38.97379.3N31W130.00-8ENE, NEMODERATE TRADESWELL MUCH FALLENCLOUDY000000029766
1789-04-14T15:0027.17-39.63822.6N20W106.00-8NEBE, VARIABLE, ENE, ELIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029767
1789-04-15T15:0029.13-41.081702.6N28E109.00-10ESE, EBS, SE, VARIABLE, SLIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029768
1789-04-16T15:0031.07-39.403167.3N37E145.00-10SBE, SBW, SW, WNW, NWBNFORMER MODERATE BREEZES, INCREASING IN LATTER WITH SQUALLSUNSETTLEDSMOTH WATER, NOON LARGE NW SWELL000000029769
1789-04-17T14:0031.83-37.2035923.5N73E117.00-12NNW, NBE, VARIABLE, NBESTRONG GALES INCREASING IN LATTER WITH SQUALLSVERY LARGE N SWELL000000029770
1789-04-18T15:0032.48-37.58696.7N28W43.00-10NNE, VARIABLE, NEBN, NE, EBNMODERATE BREEZESUNSETTLEDSEA MUCH FALLEN000000029771
1789-04-19T14:0033.93-37.173622.6N15E82.00-15ENE, E, SEBE, SEBS, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERCLOUDY000000029772
1789-04-20T14:0035.35-36.17302.6N28E105.00-15SW, VARIABLE, NWBW, NBE, NE, VARIABLE, NEFORMER FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LITTLE WINDUNSETTLED000000029773
1789-04-21T14:0035.93-36.423622.6N15W47.00-15NEBN, NE, EBN, E, ESE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000029774
1789-04-22T14:0037.15-36.201202.6N16E58.00-15SE, SSE, SELIGHT BREEZESSMOOTH WATERPLEASANT000000029775
1789-04-23T14:0039.03-35.031176.7N27E122.00-18SEBS, SEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT000000029776
1789-04-24T14:0040.67-33.073626.7N44W129.00-18SE, VARIABLEPLEASANT BREEZESSWELL FORM NWFAIR000000029777
1789-04-25T14:0041.48-32.803621.0N20E38.00-18SE, VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND CALMNW SWELLCLEAR000000029778
1789-04-26T14:0042.08-32.57612.6N17E34.00-18VARIABLE, ENE, NEBN, EBN, EBNLIGHT WINDSNW SWELL MUCH FALLENFAIR000000029779
1789-04-27T14:0042.72-32.10342.6N30E41.00-22EBN, ENE, VARIABLE, NEBELIGHT BREEZESNE SWELLCLOUDY000000029780
1789-04-28T14:0043.05-32.372931.0N34E20.00-22NEBE, NWLIGHT AIRS AND CALMN SWELLFAIR000000029781
1789-04-29T14:0044.12-24.922587.3ENE153.00-23NW, WBNINCREASING BREEZEPLEASANT000000029782
1789-04-30T14:0044.87-26.1833719.0N74E178.00-23NW, NNW, NFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYLATTER LARGE N SWELL000000029783
1789-05-01T14:0044.83-23.8734822.6S89E94.00-23NBESTRONG GALES AND SQUALLYUNSETTLEDVERY LARGE SEA FROM N000000029784
1789-05-02T14:0044.83-22.853606.7S58E51.00-23NEBN, NNEFORMER STRONG GALES WITH HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATESEA MUCH FALLEN000000029785
1789-05-03T13:0045.50-15.553376.7N66E100.00-23NNE, NBW, MMW, VARIABLE, NMODERATE BREEZESUNSETTLEDN SWELL000000029786
1789-05-04T13:0047.15-16.503159.3N55E173.00-23NBW, NWBN, WBN, VARIABLE, NNWFRESH BREEZESUNSETTLEDN SWELL000000029787
1789-05-05T13:0048.20-14.273622.6N53E113.00-25W, NW, WNW, S, VARIABLEFIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID AN DLATTER LIGHT WINDSUNSETTLEDN SWELL000000029788
1789-05-06T13:0049.27-10.902119.3N61E153.00-25N, NBW, SWBWFRESH BREEZESN SWELLPLEASANT000000029789
1789-05-07T12:0049.50-6.232249.3N89E184.00-24SWBS, SBW, S, WSWFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT000000029790