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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BELLONA cruise from Sajor Road to St. Helena started at 1796-02-17 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747641, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -15.710139 * Median Longitude: 56.463333 * South-bound Latitude: -35.620000 * West-bound Longitude: -2.430000 * North-bound Latitude: 20.130000 * East-bound Longitude: 88.500000
Date/Time Start: 1796-02-17T06:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-05-04T12:00:00
Event(s):
Bellona_17960217_BL_L/MAR/B/353B * Latitude Start: 20.130000 * Longitude Start: 88.500000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1796-02-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-05-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Bellona, Voyage: Sajor Road - St Helena, 1st Observer: William Farrer (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
10 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
12 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
20 ClearnessClearness
21 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
22 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
23 FogFog1 If fog was reported
24 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
25 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26 HailHail1 If hail was reported
27 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28 CommentComment
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1271 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
10 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
11 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
12 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
State sea descr
20 
Clearness
21 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
22 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
23 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
24 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
25 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
26 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
27 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
28 
Comment
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1796-02-17T06:0020.1388.503402.6S5E64.002WSW, W, NW, NNWLIGHT BREEZESHAZY000000028044
1796-02-18T06:0019.1388.5021.0S50.002NBW, S, NLIGHT AIRSFINE000000028045
1796-02-19T06:0017.3588.50136.727.2S86.00281.00NBEMODERATE BREEZESFINE000000028046
1796-02-20T06:0015.8588.50256.727.8S90.00282.00N, NNEMODERATE BREEZESFINE000000028047
1796-02-21T06:0014.5888.50812.627.8S75.00282.00N, NNE, ENE, EBNLIGHT BREEZESHAZY000000028048
1796-02-22T06:0013.2388.50706.727.2S86.00281.00NNE, NE, ENEPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028049
1796-02-23T06:0011.3588.50366.727.8S119.00282.00NE, ENE, NEBNPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028050
1796-02-24T06:009.0588.50476.7S114.002NEPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028051
1796-02-25T06:007.0088.50476.727.8S109.00282.00NEPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028052
1796-02-26T06:005.1588.50706.727.8S100.00282.00NNE, NE, ENEPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028053
1796-02-27T06:003.6788.50227.8S79.00282.00NE, ESE, E, NVARIABLE BREEZES, LATTER SQUALLYLATTER RAIN010000028054
1796-02-28T06:002.9588.50252.630.0S60.00286.00ENE, NNELIGHT VARIABLE BREEZES AND SQUALLYCLOUDY000000028055
1796-02-29T06:002.2585.58251.030.0S49.00286.00VARIABLE, NNELIGHT AIRSFINE000000028056
1796-03-01T06:001.7384.75471.030.6S34.00287.00NW, SEBE, NELIGHT VARIABLE AIRS AND SOME LIGHT SQUALLSCLOUDY000000028057
1796-03-02T06:001.0084.50361.027.8S48.00282.00ENE, E, NNE, NEBNLIGHT AIRS AND CALMSMUCH RAINCLOUDY0100000a trivial correction was made in this observation28058
1796-03-03T06:000.2384.3012628.9S20W58.00284.00ENE, E, SEBESQUALLYRAIN010000028059
1796-03-04T06:00-0.2084.7011527.2SE37.00281.00SSE, SSW, S, SBW, VARIABLE, SE, ESEVERY VARIABLE AND SQUALLYUNSETTLEDMUCH RAIN010000028060
1796-03-05T06:00-0.2385.1023826.7S32E48.00280.00SW, VARIABLE, SE, W, SWBWVARIABLE BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAINLARGE SWELL FROM S010000028061
1796-03-06T06:00-1.9285.4335126.1SBE102.00279.00N, NW, WSW, W, NNW, NBWVARIABLE WINDS AND MANY SQUALLSCONSTANT RAIN010000028062
1796-03-07T06:00-3.7385.7833912.328.3SBE111.00183.00NNWFRESH WINDS, FIRST PART SQUALLYLATTER FINEFIRST PART RAIN010000028063
1796-03-08T06:00-5.5385.78294S108.001WBN, NW, WNWSQUALLYRAIN010000028064
1796-03-09T06:00-6.9285.782942.6S76.001WNWFIRST PART FRESH GALES WITH VERY HEAVY SQUALLS, LATTER LITTLE WINDFIRST PART RAINLATTER CLOUDY010000028065
1796-03-10T06:00-7.0285.882261.028.9SEBS12.00184.00SWLIGHT AIRS AND CALMSFINE000000028066
1796-03-11T06:00-7.2785.881591.029.4S11.00185.00SSW, SSELIGHT AIRS000000028067
1796-03-12T06:00-7.6786.031351.0S15E36.000SW, SSW, S, SELIGHT AIRSFINE000000028068
1796-03-13T06:00-8.9885.1012428.9S36W94.00084.00SEBELATTER SQUALLYLATTER RAINCONFUSED SWELLFIRST PART FAIR010000028069
1796-03-14T06:00-10.9783.2213512.328.3S33W125.00083.00EBS, SEBE, SEFRESH TRADE, FIRST PART SQUALLYLATTER FINEFIRST PART RAIN010000028070
1796-03-15T07:00-12.5281.331339.328.3S42W101.00-283.00SEPLEASANT TRADEFINE000000028071
1796-03-16T07:00-13.5579.451339.327.8S32W74.00-282.00SEBE, SSE, SEPLEASANT TRADEFINE000000028072
1796-03-17T07:00-14.7077.8713327.8S40W96.00-282.00SEPLEASANT BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT SQUALLSFINELATTER RAIN010000028073
1796-03-18T07:00-16.5576.1313212.328.3S40W144.00-383.00ESE, SEFRESH TRADEFINE000000028074
1796-03-19T07:00-18.0074.1711812.327.2S50W146.00-681.00SEBEFRESH TRADEFINE000000028075
1796-03-20T07:00-19.9071.9712812.327.2S50W163.00-781.00ESE, SEFRESH TRADEFINE000000028076
1796-03-21T07:00-21.5769.921289.326.7S48W146.00-780.00SEFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER000000028077
1796-03-22T07:00-23.0067.877912.326.7S58W140.00-1180.00SEBE, ESE, EFRESH TRADECLOUDY000000028078
1796-03-23T08:00-24.1265.725526.7S68W127.00-1380.00E, EBN, ENEPLEASANT TRADE, LATTER SQUALLYFINELATTER RAIN010010028079
1796-03-24T08:00-24.7364.483472.626.7S67W73.00-1380.00NLIGHT BREEZESFINE000000028080
1796-03-25T08:00-24.9763.3523525.6S74W64.00-1378.00NNW, WSWVARIABLE BREEZESCLOUDY000000028081
1796-03-26T08:00-25.3761.581096.724.4S77W99.00-1576.00SBE, SSE, SE, SEBEPLEASANT BREEZESFINELARGE SWELL FROM SW000000028082
1796-03-27T08:00-25.9259.88982.623.9S76W95.00-1575.00SEBE, ESELIGHT BREEZESFINE000000028083
1796-03-28T08:00-26.5757.2011719.023.9S74W150.00-1875.00SBE, SE, SEBE, SEFIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYLARGE CONFUSED SEA000000028084
1796-03-29T09:00-27.4252.388019.023.9S72W156.00-2175.00SE, SEBE, ESE, EBSFRESH GALESLATTER FINELARGE SWELL MUCH ABATED000000028085
1796-03-30T09:00-28.2350.22666.723.9S69W121.00-2475.00ESE, EPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028086
1796-03-31T09:00-28.6848.05666.723.9S78W124.00-2475.00NE, EPLEASANT BREEZES2AM RAINHAZY010000028087
1796-04-01T09:00-29.1045.52649.324.4S77W135.00-2676.00EPLEASANT FRESH BREEZESHAZY000000028088
1796-04-02T09:00-29.6742.98646.7S76W132.00-26EPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028089
1796-04-03T09:00-30.3340.45526.7S75W120.00-27E, EBNPLEASANT BREEZESFINE000000028090
1796-04-04T09:00-30.8538.783622.624.4S74W89.00-2776.00SEBE, EBS, E, EBN, NE, VARIABLELIGHT BREEZESFINECLOUDY000000028091
1796-04-05T09:00-30.9737.823621.025.0S74W46.00-2777.00N, VARIABLELIGHT AIRSPLEASANT WEATHER000000028092
1796-04-06T10:00-31.5836.38172.6S62W83.00-28NNE, ENE, NELIGHT BREEZES5AM RAINCLOUDY010010028093
1796-04-07T10:00-32.4034.284012.323.9S65W117.00-2875.00SE, NE, ENEFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH WINDS AND SQUALLY000000028094
1796-04-08T10:00-32.6532.8526419.0S72W76.00-29EBS, NBE, NNW, WNWVARIABLE, LATTER FRESH GALESHAZY000010028095
1796-04-09T10:00-32.2531.851866.721.1N63W56.00-2870.00WSW, SW, SWBSFRESH GALES AND SOME SQUALLS, MORE MODERATE IN LATTER PART000000028096
1796-04-10T10:00-33.0030.404019.0S61W84.00-28SBW, SSE, SE, E, EBN, ENEFIRST PART MODERATE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALESLARGE SWELLCLOUDY000000028097
1796-04-11T10:00-35.0727.402919.023.9S51W190.00-2775.00ENE, NEBEFRESH GALESCLOUDY AND HAZY000000028098
1796-04-12T10:00-34.8826.2823212.3W55.00-27NNE, N, WNW, WSW, WBSFRESH WINDS AND SQUALLYUNSETTLEDLARGE SEA RUNNINGCLOUDY000000028099
1796-04-13T10:00-35.6224.1263S78W108.00-27SWBW, SSE, ESE, ESQUALLY AND VARIABLERAINLARGE CONFUSED SWELLCLOUDY010000028100
1796-04-14T11:00-35.1021.0825519.020.0N73W115.00-2668.00NBE, WNW, WBNVARIABLE FRESH GALESLARGRE SEA RUNNING000000028101
1796-04-15T11:00-35.1520.9224420.6S48W12.00-2669.00WBN, WHAZY AND CLOUDY000000028102
1796-04-16T11:00-34.7019.424220.0EXTREMES OF THE LANDNEBE31N82W75.00-2668.00SE, E, EBN, ENE000000028103
1796-04-17T11:00-34.8018.933129.318.3N85W25.00-2665.00NNWFIRST PART CALM, LATTER FRESH BREEZESHAZY000000028104
1796-04-24T11:00-33.2016.831569.317.8N75W79.00-2464.00SW, SFRESH BREEZESLARGE SW SWELL000000028105
1796-04-25T11:00-32.2514.7825712.318.9N65W114.00-2466.00SWBS, WSW, W, WBNFRESH WINDSHEAVY SWELL FROM SW000000028106
1796-04-26T11:00-31.0512.0013619.018.3N66W154.00-2265.00SWBW, SSW, SSESTRONG WINDS AND SQUALLYHIGH CROSS SEA000000028107
1796-04-27T11:00-29.179.4814712.318.9N52W164.00-2266.00SSE, SBEFRESH WINDSSWELL ABATEDCLOUDY000000028108
1796-04-28T11:00-27.577.981366.720.6N42W119.00-2269.00SSEPLEASANT BREEZESCLOUDY000000028109
1796-04-29T12:00-26.326.822052.621.1N42W93.00-2070.00S, SSW, WSW, SWLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000028110
1796-04-30T12:00-24.725.2813819.021.1N41W126.00-2070.00SW, SSEMODERATE BREEZES, LATTER STRONG WINDSCLOUDY000000028111
1796-05-01T12:00-22.573.2513819.0N41W171.00-20S, SSESTRONG WINDSCLOUDY000000028112
1796-05-02T12:00-20.421.2811619.0N40W170.00-19SESTRONG WINDS WITH FREQUENT HEAVY SQUALLS000000028113
1796-05-03T12:00-18.10-0.759416.322.8N39W180.00-1973.00SE, ESESTRONG TRADE WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS000000028114
1796-05-04T12:00-16.05-2.439412.323.3N49W147.00-1974.00ESEFRESH TRADE AND SQUALLYLATTER FINE000000028115