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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BELLONA cruise from Lombock to St. Helena started at 1794-02-05 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747639, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -24.344865 * Median Longitude: 60.228649 * South-bound Latitude: -35.450000 * West-bound Longitude: -1.180000 * North-bound Latitude: -9.700000 * East-bound Longitude: 116.750000
Date/Time Start: 1794-02-05T04:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-04-19T12:00:00
Event(s):
Bellona_17940205_BL_L/MAR/B/353A * Latitude Start: -9.830000 * Longitude Start: 116.220000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1794-02-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1794-04-19T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Bellona, Voyage: Lombock (Nr Bali) - St Helena, 1st Observer: Matthew Boyd (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1219 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1794-02-05T04:00-9.70116.752582.6EXTREMES OF THE LANDN7E TO N32E15S1/2W-1VARIABLE, WBSLIGHT AIRS, LIGHT BREEZESAM FAIR000000027861
1794-02-06T04:00-10.90116.67258SBW-1WSW, SWBW, W, WBSLIGHT WINDS, LIGHT AIRS, AM VARIABLEAM CLOUDY000000027862
1794-02-07T04:00-11.98116.50202W1/2S9.00-1WBS, SWBW, VARIABLE, W, WSW, SSWLIGHT BREEZES, SQUALLYPM RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE FAIR010000027863
1794-02-08T04:00-11.73116.621681.0SWBW28.00-1S, VARIABLE WSW, SBELIGHT AIRS, CALMS THROUGH THE NIGHTFIRST PART RAINMIDDLE FAIR010000027864
1794-02-09T04:00-11.87116.421120.0S1/2W35.00-1SWBS, SBW, SSW, ESELIGHT AIRS, LATTER CALMLATTER RIPPLING CURRENTSFIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY000000027865
1794-02-10T04:00-12.20116.332582.6SBW10.00-1SWBW, SW, SWBS, WSW, W, WBSLIGHT AIRS, LIGHT WINDSCLEAR000000027866
1794-02-11T04:00-13.03115.87201W27.00-2WBS, VARIABLE, WNW, SWBW, SSWLIGHT BREEZES, SQUALLYPM RAINPM FAIR, AM CLOUDY010010027867
1794-02-12T04:00-13.37115.752689.3SSW16.00-2SWBS, WSW, SW, WBS, SSE, WFRESH BREEZESCONSTANT SWELL FROM SWCLEAR000000027868
1794-02-13T04:00-14.37115.522686.7SSW13.00-2WBN, WBS, WBS1/2S, WMODERATE BREEZESFAIR000000027869
1794-02-14T04:00-15.28115.4025712.3SBW8.00-2WNW, WBN, W, WBSLIGHT BREEZES, FRESH WINDSFAIR000000027870
1794-02-15T04:00-16.17114.832576.7SBW32.00-2W, WNW, WBN, WBSMODERATE WINDSSWELL FROM SWPM FAIR, AM CLOUDY000000027871
1794-02-16T04:00-16.70114.372232.6SSE40.00-2WBN, WNW, NWBW, NW, SWLIGHT BREEZESSW SWELLCLOUDY000000027872
1794-02-17T04:00-16.78114.083622.6WSW72.00-2N, ENE, VARIABLECALM, LITTLE BREEZEHIGH SWELL FROM SWFAIR000000027873
1794-02-18T04:00-17.10113.45662.6WSW65.00-2NE, NNE, ENELIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT WINDSSWELL FROM SWCLOUDY000000027874
1794-02-19T05:00-17.63112.081652.6WBS68.00-4E, ESE, SSE, SBELIGHT BREEZESMIDDLE SMALL RAINSWELL FROM SFAIR, CLOUDY, FAIR010010027875
1794-02-20T05:00-18.00110.081769.3WBS79.00-4SSE, SBE, SFRESH BREEZESCLEAR000000027876
1794-02-21T05:00-18.40108.031659.3WBS80.00-4SBEFRESH BREEZESPM FAIR, AM CLOUDY000000027877
1794-02-22T05:00-18.85104.681429.3WBS81.00-4SBE, SEBSFRESH BREEZESCLEAR000000027878
1794-02-23T05:00-19.30101.2814219.0WBS82.00-4SSE, SEBSFRESH BREEZES, FRESH GALESFAIR000000027879
1794-02-24T05:00-19.8298.051546.7WBS80.00-4SSEFRESH GALES, MORE MODERATECLOUDY000000027880
1794-02-25T06:00-19.9894.62131W1/2S97.00-4SEFRESH GALES, SQUALLYCLOUDY000000027881
1794-02-26T06:00-19.9891.1813119.0W1/2S0.00-4SEFRESH GALESCLEAR, CLOUDY000000027882
1794-02-27T06:00-20.3787.8012019.0WBS93.00-4ESE, SEBEFRESH GALESFAIR000000027883
1794-02-28T06:00-20.7884.881096.7WBS81.00-4ESEMODERATECLEAR000000027884
1794-03-01T07:00-21.1882.33859.3W80.00-5ESE, EBS, NE, EBN, EFRESH BREEZESMIDDLE RAINFAIR, CLOUDY, FAIR010000027885
1794-03-02T07:00-21.2579.951082.6W88.00-5EBS, ESELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY, FAIR000000027886
1794-03-03T07:00-21.3277.571082.6W88.00-5EBS, ESELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY, FAIR000000027887
1794-03-04T07:00-21.5274.62107W86.00-6EBS, ESEMODERATE BREEZES, SQUALLYSHOWERS OF RAIN, RAIN AT TIMESMIDDLE FAIR110000027888
1794-03-05T07:00-22.1571.651286.7WBS75.00-7ESE, EBS, SEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHERFAIR, CLOUDY, CLEAR, CLOUDY, FAIR000000027889
1794-03-06T07:00-22.9569.631359.3WBS72.00-11SEBE, SEBSFRESH BREEZESCLEAR000000027890
1794-03-07T08:00-23.9766.071229.3WBS68.00-13SEFRESH BREEZESFAIR000000027891
1794-03-08T08:00-24.9363.131009.3WBS70.00-13SE, ESEFRESH BREEZESFAIR000000027892
1794-03-09T08:00-25.6061.10982.6W1/2S70.00-15EBS, NEBN, VARIABLE, E, ESELIGHT BREEZESFAIR, CLOUDY, FAIR000000027893
1794-03-10T08:00-26.0759.80752.6W69.00-15ESE, ELIGHT BREEZESFAIR000000027894
1794-03-11T08:00-26.4358.6781.0W70.00-15NE, E, NNELIGHT AIRSCLEAR000000027895
1794-03-12T08:00-26.9756.9252.6W71.00-18NE, ENE, NNELIGHT BREEZESFINE000000027896
1794-03-13T08:00-27.4755.1052.6W1/2N73.00-18NE, NBE, NNELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR, CLOUDY, CLEAR000000027897
1794-03-14T08:00-28.1052.6026.7W1/2N70.00-22NEBN, NEBE, NNEMODERATE BREEZESFAIR000000027898
1794-03-15T09:00-28.3751.873471.0WBN75.00-24NBELIGHT AIRSCLEAR000000027899
1794-03-16T09:00-28.5750.90442.6WBN76.00-24VARIABLE, EBN, ENECALM, LIGHT AIRS, LIGHT BREEZESHEAVY SWELL FROM WSWCLOUDY000000027900
1794-03-17T09:00-29.0748.4555WBN70.00-24E, SEBE, NEBE, EBNLIGHT AIRS, FRESH BREEZES, LATTER SQUALLYLATTER RAINHEAVY SWELL FROM WSWFAIR, CLEAR010000027901
1794-03-18T09:00-29.6746.68196.7W1/2N68.00-26EBN, VARIABLE, NEMODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLYMIDDLE RAINCLEAR, FAIR010000027902
1794-03-19T09:00-30.7045.713129.3W38.00-26NBE, N, NWBW, NW, NNWLIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYLATTER RAINFAIR, LATTER CLOUDY010000027903
1794-03-20T09:00-30.0744.3921019.0NWBW62.00-26W, WSW, SW, SWBWFRESH BREEZES, HARD SQUALLS, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYLATTER RAINCLOUDY010000027904
1794-03-21T09:00-29.7043.25165W1/2N64.00-26SW, SWBS, SBWFRESH GALES WITH STRONG SQUALS, SQUALLYFIRST PART RAINHEAVY SEACLOUDY010000027905
1794-03-22T09:00-30.2541.301316.7W71.00-27SSW, SBE, SSEFRESH GALES, SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATEHEAVY SEACLOUDY000000027906
1794-03-23T09:00-30.8839.0663W70.00-27SSE, SE, VARIABLE, EMODERATE, SQUALLYSWELL FROM SSECLOUDY, FAIR, CLOUDY000000027907
1794-03-24T10:00-31.8837.03182.6W60.00-27EBS, E, EBN, NELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR, AM CLOUDY000000027908
1794-03-25T10:00-32.5235.49502.6W63.00-29NNE, E, EBNLIGHT BREEZESPM FAIR, AM CLEAR000000027909
1794-03-26T10:00-33.7232.727219.0W62.00-29EBN, E, EBSMODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALESRAIN, LATTER HEAVY RAINFIRST PART CLEAR010000027910
1794-03-27T10:00-34.6530.83172.6WNW59.00-28E, NNE, N, NNW, NE, ENE, NESTRONG BREEZES, MORE MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT BREEZESFAIRFIRST PART HEAVY RAIN010000027911
1794-03-28T10:00-34.2730.581866.7WBN25.00-28NWBW, W, WBN1/2N, WSW, WBS, SW, SWBSHARD GALES, HARD SQUALLS, LATTER MORE MODERATEMIDDLE RAINCLOUDY010000027912
1794-03-29T10:00-34.5728.663102.6W69.00-28VARIABLE, NBE, N, NBW, NNWLIGHT BREEZESSWELL FROM WSWFIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE CLEAR000000027913
1794-03-30T10:00-34.9528.352659.3SW51.00-28VARIABLE, NWBW, SWBW, SW, WNWLIGHT AIRS, SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH BREEZESSWELL FROM WSWCLOUDY000000027914
1794-03-31T10:00-34.7528.8024226.8NNW68.00-28NWBW, NW, WNW, WFRESH GALES, HARD SQUALLS, HARD GALESHEAVY SEAFAIR000000027915
1794-04-01T10:00-34.3029.052536.7NBW36.00-28W, WBNSTRONG GALES, LATTER MORE MODERATEFIRST PART SMALL SHOWERS OF RAINVERY HIGH SWELLCLOUDY110000027916
1794-04-02T10:00-35.0328.06621.0WBN87.00-28WBN, W, ELIGHT AIRSHEAVY SWELL FROM WFAIR000000027917
1794-04-03T10:00-35.1527.121762.6WNW88.00-27NE, VARIABLE, WBN, WSW, SW, SSWLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000027918
1794-04-04T10:00-35.4523.4413122.6WNW84.00-27S, SEBE, SSEFRESH BREEZES, FRESH GALES, LATTER STRONG GALESFIRST PART RAINHEAVY SWELL FROM SCLOUDY010000027919
1794-04-05T11:00-35.3719.52996.7WNW89.00-25SEBS, SEBEFRESH GALES, SQUALLY, STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MORE MODERATEFIRST PART SMALL RAINCLOUDY010000027920
1794-04-06T11:00-34.2218.112689.3N44.00-25NNW, NW, W1/2N, W, WNWMODERATE, FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY000000027921
1794-04-07T11:00-34.0517.873242.6WBN39.00-25NNW, NWBN, N, NBWLIGHT BREEZESPM CLOUDY, AM CLEAR000000027922
1794-04-08T11:00-33.3816.792022.6NNW56.00-23NWBN, WW, SWBS, WSW, SSW, SWFRESH BREEZES, LIGHT BREEZESSWELL FROM WCLOUDY000000027923
1794-04-09T11:00-31.2814.831346.7NNW37.00-24S, SBE, SSEMODERATEFINECLEAR000000027924
1794-04-10T11:00-28.8512.551459.3NNW38.00-24S, SBEFRESH BREEZESFAIR000000027925
1794-04-11T11:00-27.1210.493629.3NNW1/2W45.00-22S, SWBS, SBW, SW, VARIABLEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY000000027926
1794-04-12T11:00-26.089.361692.6NWBN42.00-22SW, SWBW, S, SBWLIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000027927
1794-04-13T11:00-24.878.001362.6NNW1/2W43.00-22SWBS, VARIABLE, SSELIGHT BREEZESCLOUDY000000027928
1794-04-14T12:00-23.836.781382.6NNW1/2W45.00-20SEBS, VARIABLE, SSELIGHT BREEZESFAIR, CLOUDY000000027929
1794-04-15T12:00-22.875.453621.0NNW1/2W50.00-20SE TO SW, VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLECLOUDY000000027930
1794-04-16T12:00-21.554.131386.7NNW1/2W45.00-20SW, VARIABLE, SSEMODERATE BREEZESMIDDLE RAINSWELL FROM WCLOUDY, FAIR010000027931
1794-04-17T12:00-19.822.141179.3NNW1/2W46.00-18SSE, SEMODERATE, FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY, CLEAR000000027932
1794-04-18T12:00-18.43-0.043626.7NWBN54.00-18SE, SEBE, E, VARIABLEMODERATE BREEZESLATTER RAINFAIR, LATTER CLOUDY010000027933
1794-04-19T12:00-17.08-1.181052.6NWBN52.00-19SE, SEBS, SEBELIGHT BREEZESLATTER LIGHT RAINCLOUDY, CLEAR, CLOUDY010000027934