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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BELLONA cruise from London to Rio de Janeiro started at 1792-08-14 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747636, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 14.660154 * Median Longitude: -22.668000 * South-bound Latitude: -22.330000 * West-bound Longitude: -39.550000 * North-bound Latitude: 48.670000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.750000
Date/Time Start: 1792-08-14T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1792-10-17T15:00:00
Event(s):
Bellona_17920814_BL_L/MAR/B/353A * Latitude Start: 51.470000 * Longitude Start: 1.000000 * Latitude End: -23.370000 * Longitude End: -43.120000 * Date/Time Start: 1792-08-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1792-10-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Bellona, Voyage: London - Rio De Janeiro, 1st Observer: Matthew Boyd (Captain), Company: EIC
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1071 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
14 
ww
(Weather description)
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
19 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
20 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
21 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
22 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
23 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
24 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
25 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1792-08-14T12:0048.67-5.752466.7SSW-24NNW, NBW, NNW1/2W, NWBW, WLIGHT BREEZES, FRESH BREEZES, NOON MODERATEPLEASANT WEATHERSWELL FROM NWCLEAR000000027672
1792-08-15T12:0048.66-6.902079.3NWBW1/2W-24NWBW, NBW, NNW, WNW, WBS, SW1/2WLIGHT WINDS, FRESH BREEZESFAIR, CLOUDY000000027673
1792-08-16T12:0048.67-7.332699.3N-24WBS, WNW, NWBW, WSW, WNW1/2W, WNWFRESH BREEZESPM RAINHAZY, CLOUDY010000027674
1792-08-17T13:0047.93-7.93436.7WBN-25NWBW, NW, WNW, N, NEBN, ENEFRESH WINDS, MODERATECLOUDY, CLEAR000000027675
1792-08-18T13:0047.20-9.23326W-23NBE, N, NWBN, NW, NBWSQUALLYHEAVY RAINCLOUDY010000027676
1792-08-19T13:0045.52-10.633036.7WSW117.00-23N, NNW, NWBNMODERATE, FRESH BREEZES, MODERATEHEAVY SEA FROM WFAIR, CLEAR000000027677
1792-08-20T13:0045.50-11.5520219.0WNW42.00-23WBN, NWBW, WSW, SWBW, SWLIGHT WINDS, FRESH BREEZES, FRESH GALESCLEAR000000027678
1792-08-21T13:0045.08-11.672479.3SSW21.00-23SW, SWBW, W, WBN, WFRESH GALES, MORE MODERATE, FRESH BREEZESTHICK DRIZZLING RAIN, RAINHAZY010000027679
1792-08-22T13:0043.90-10.982366.7SBW76.00-23W, WNW, WBSFRESH GALES, STRONG GALES, MODERATETHICKRAINCLEAR, THICK HAZY WEATHER010000027680
1792-08-23T13:0043.53-10.802926.7SWBW25.00-23WBS, W, WBN, NWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MORE MODERATETHICKRAIN, HEAVY RAIN AT TIMESCROSS HIGH SWELLHAZY010000027681
1792-08-24T13:0043.37-11.102021.0WNW16.00-23SSW, SWLIGHT AIRSSHOWES OF RAINHAZY, NOON CLEARED A LITTLE110000027682
1792-08-25T13:0043.80-12.482476.7SSW67.00-23SWBS, SW, WLIGHT WINDS, FRESH BREEZES, MORE MODERATETHICKRAINCLOUDY010000027683
1792-08-26T13:0042.22-13.0029412.3SWBS85.00-21W, WSW, WNW, NWLIGHT BREEZES, HEAVY SQUALLS, STEADY GALESRAINCLOUDY, CLEAR010000027684
1792-08-27T13:0039.88-13.77283SWBS144.00-21W, NWBWFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY1PM PLEASANT WEATHERFLYING SHOWERSCLEAR, CLOUDY100000027685
1792-08-28T13:0037.48-14.773189.3SW152.00-20NNWFRESH BREEZES, FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYFLYING SHOWERS OF RAINCLEAR110000027686
1792-08-29T13:0035.42-16.483186.7SWBW151.00-20NNWFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, MODERATELATTER CLEAR000000027687
1792-08-30T13:0034.77-16.881836.7W38.00-20NNW, SWBW, SW, SWBS, SSWLIGHT BREEZES, LIGHT WINDS INCLINABLE TO CALMS, MODERATE WINDSCLEAR000000027688
1792-08-31T13:0034.20-17.58296SWBS46.00-19SW, SWBS, NWFRESH BREEZES, FRESH WINDS AND SQUALLY, HARD SQUALLS, MODERATEMIDDLE HEAVY RAINCLEAR, FAIR010000027689
1792-09-01T13:0032.70-17.73156.7MADEIRAESE12SWBS78.00-19NEBNMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR, CLOUDY000000027690
1792-09-02T13:0030.57-19.05279.3SSW1/2W146.00-18N, NNE, EBS, NEFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHERCLOUDY000000027691
1792-09-03T13:0027.90-19.68836.7SSW1/2W164.00-18NE, E, EBSFRESH BREEZES, MORE MODERATECLOUDY000000027692
1792-09-04T13:0025.62-20.386312.3SSW144.00-16EBNFRESH BREEZES, FRESH WINDSFINECLOUDY, CLEAR000000027693
1792-09-05T13:0023.18-20.38639.3SBW1/2W144.00-16EBNLIGHT WINDS, FRESH BREEZES, STEADY BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHERCLEAR000000027694
1792-09-06T13:0020.83-20.37869.3SBW1/2W144.00-15EBSPLEASANT BREEZES, FRESH BREEZESFINECLEAR, CLOUDY000000027695
1792-09-07T13:0018.58-21.67199.3SWBS140.00-15NE, NEBNFRESH BREEZESDARK HAZY WEATHER, CLEAR, CLOUDY000000027696
1792-09-08T13:0016.65-22.2531BONVISTASSW5SWBS122.00-14NEFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLYFLYING SHOWERS, RAINHAZY110000027697
1792-09-09T13:0015.45-21.932112.6BONVISTANBW8SSE86.00-14EBN, E, SSE, S, SWBW, SWLIGHT WINDSCLOUDY000000027698
1792-09-10T13:0014.73-22.073122.6SSW40.00-14SW, WBN, NWBNLIGHT BAFFLING WINDSCLEAR000000027699
1792-09-11T14:0013.12-22.62222.6SSW98.00-12NNW, NNE, NEBNLIGHT BREEZESFINE PLEASANT WEATHERCLEAR000000027700
1792-09-12T14:0012.17-22.88581.0SSW59.00-10ENELIGHT WINDS, LIGHT AIRSHAZY, CLEAR000000027701
1792-09-13T14:0011.13-23.03242.6SBW64.00-10NE, NEBNCALM, LIGHT WINDS, LIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHERCLEAR000000027702
1792-09-14T14:009.93-23.35582.6SSW75.00-10NNE, EBS, SSE, S, ENELIGHT WINDS, SQUALLY, MODERATE, LIGHT BREEZESCLEAR000000027703
1792-09-15T14:009.42-23.601.0SSW35.00-10LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS WITH SOME SQUALLS IN THE NIGHTRAIN IN THE NIGHTCLEAR010000027704
1792-09-16T14:008.87-23.722942.6SSW35.00-10SSW, WBS, WSW, W, NWBWLIGHT AIRS, LIGHT WINDSFAIR, CLOUDY, FAIR000010027705
1792-09-17T14:008.13-23.8227122.6ESE44.00-10N, VARIABLE, WBN, SBW, WBNFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY, STRONG GALESRAIN, HEAVY SHOWERS, VERY HEAD RAINCLOUDY110010027706
1792-09-18T14:007.95-23.911932.6W-10WSW, SSWSTRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MORE MODERATE, LIGHT BREEZESAM FINEPM RAIN010000027707
1792-09-19T14:007.53-24.013626.7-10VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE INCLINABLE TO CALM, FINE PLEASANT BREEZES000000027708
1792-09-20T14:006.37-24.10256.7SSW71.00-9NE, NEBNLIGHT WINDS, MODERATE BREEZESHEAVY RAIN AT TIMESCLOUDY010010027709
1792-09-21T14:005.95-24.33362SSE29.00-9SSE, SWBS, SW, WSW, VARIABLELIGHT WINDS AND VARIABLE, SQUALLYTHICKRAINLOWERING CLOUDY WEATHER010000027710
1792-09-22T14:005.70-24.401719.3SWBW17.00-9SSW, WBS, SWBS, S, SFRESH BREEZESRAIN, SHOWERS OF RAINTHICK DARK CLOUDY WEATHER, CLEAR110000027711
1792-09-23T14:005.47-25.201946.7WBS51.00-9S, SBE, SSWLIGHT BREEZES, NOON MODERATECLOUDY, FAIR, NOON CLEAR000000027712
1792-09-24T14:005.00-25.70171WSW41.00-9SSW, SBW, SBE, SSE, SE, SLIGHT AIRS, SQUALLYRAIN AT TIMESCLEAR, CLOUDY, FAIR, NOON CLOUDY010000027713
1792-09-25T14:004.47-26.23362SW54.00-9S, VARIABLEFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY, BLOWING FRESH, SQUALLYRAIN, HEAVY SHOWERSCLOUDY110000027714
1792-09-26T14:003.65-26.8716012.3EBS54.00-9SSE, S, SBEFRESH WINDSCLOUDY000000027715
1792-09-27T14:003.83-25.751719.3ESE68.00-9SBE, SFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY000000027716
1792-09-28T14:003.77-25.631601.0SWBW19.00-9SBW, S, SSE, SBEMODERATE WINDS, LIGHT WINDS INCLINABLE TO CALMS, LIGHT AIRSAM FLYING SHOWERS OF RAINFAIR110000027717
1792-09-29T14:003.33-26.081719.3WSW38.00-9SSW, SBW, SLIGHT AIRS, FRESH BREEZESCLEAR000000027718
1792-09-30T14:002.88-26.671719.3WSW44.00-9SBW, SSW, SBE, SLIGHT BREEZES, FRESH BREEZESFAIR, CLOUDY000000027719
1792-10-01T14:002.15-27.571409.3SWBS71.00-6SBE, SSE, SEBSFRESH BREEZESPM FINECLEAR, AM DARK CLOUDY WEATHER, NOON CLEAR000000027720
1792-10-02T14:000.75-28.521409.3SW1/2S103.00-6SEBSFRESH BREEZESFAIR000000027721
1792-10-03T14:00-0.63-28.20129SWBS103.00-6VARIABLE, SEFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY3AM RAINCLEAR010000027722
1792-10-04T14:00-2.10-30.50129SWBS106.00-6SEFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY10PM RAINFAIR010000027723
1792-10-05T14:00-3.85-31.2813012.3SSW115.00-5SEBE, SEBS, SEFRESH BREEZES, SQUALLY, NOON FRESH WINDSPLEASANT WEATHERCLEAR000000027724
1792-10-06T14:00-5.82-31.951089.3SBW118.00-5SEBE, ESEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR000000027725
1792-10-07T14:00-7.80-32.83899.3SBW119.00-1ESE, EFRESH BREEZESFINE PLEASANT WEATHER000000027726
1792-10-08T14:00-10.00-33.20789.3S133.00-1E, EBNMODERATE BREEZES, FRESH BREEZESFAIR000000027727
1792-10-09T14:00-12.65-33.604512.3S149.000EBN, NEFRESH WINDSPLEASANT WEATHERCLEAR, CLOUDY, FAIR, NOON CLEAR000000027728
1792-10-10T14:00-14.33-34.50686.7SBW1/2W111.000NE, E, ENEMODERATE WINDSPLEASANT WEATHERFAIR, CLEAR000000027729
1792-10-11T14:00-15.12-33.72SBW1/2W50.000LIGHT WINDS, SQUALLYAM RAIN, FLYING SHOWERSFAIR110000027730
1792-10-12T14:00-16.13-34.2890SBW1/2W70.000VARIABLE, E, ESE, ELIGHT AIRS, SQUALLYHEAVY SWELL FROM SCLOUDY000000027731
1792-10-13T14:00-17.83-35.00359.3SSW110.001E, VARIABLE, ENE, NEBNFRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLYRAINNOON CLEAR010000027732
1792-10-14T14:00-19.83-36.88359.3SSW130.001NEBNFRESH BREEZES, STEADY BREEZESFINECLEAR000000027733
1792-10-15T15:00-20.92-37.653192.6SW77.004NBE, NBW, VARIABLE, NWFRESH WINDS, LIGHT BREEZESCLEAR000010027734
1792-10-16T15:00-21.33-37.95839.3SWBS30.004SEBE, VARIABLE, EBNLIGHT WINDS, STEADY BREEZESCLEAR000000027735
1792-10-17T15:00-22.33-39.55159.3W108.004ENE, NEBN, NBELIGHT WINDS, FRESH BREEZESFAIR000000027736