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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BATAVIA cruise from Batavia to Rotterdam started at 1839-05-15 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747600, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -0.797642 * Median Longitude: 7.366038 * South-bound Latitude: -36.300000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.900000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.030000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.830000
Date/Time Start: 1839-05-15T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1839-08-28T12:00:00
Event(s):
Batavia_18390515_C_REIS_7_P106-114 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.900000 * Longitude End: 3.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1839-05-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1839-08-28T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Batavia, Voyage: Batavia - Rotterdam, 1st Observer: J.A. Pronk (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
10 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
11 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
14 Present weatherwwWeather description
15 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
16 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
17 Cloud typeCloud type
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 CommentComment
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1988 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

Watch

Glasses

Decl [deg]
10 
Wind scale ref [#]
11 
Reading [arbitrary units]
12 
Wind dir descr
13 
Wind force descr
14 
ww
15 
Precip descr
16 
State sea descr
17 
Cloud type
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
20 
Rain
21 
Fog
22 
Snow
23 
Thunder
24 
Hail
25 
Sea ice
26 
Comment
27 
ID
1839-05-15T05:00-6.92103.831146.71012.6VM81429.90OZO4V04000000025584
1839-05-16T05:00-7.67101.781356.71009.2VM80429.80ZO4V03, V10H00100000025585
1839-05-17T05:00-8.1399.401356.71012.6VM80429.90ZO4H00000000025586
1839-05-18T06:00-9.0596.721122.61012.6VM8-1229.90OZO2H00000000025587
1839-05-19T06:00-9.9894.051576.71012.6VM8-1429.90ZZO4H00000000025588
1839-05-20T06:00-10.8792.321346.71012.6VM8-1429.90ZO4000000025589
1839-05-21T06:00-11.6389.031346.71012.6VM8-1429.90ZO4V10H00100000025590
1839-05-22T06:00-12.3086.181576.71012.6VM8-1429.90ZZO4H00000000025591
1839-05-23T06:00-12.9783.421556.71012.6VM8-3429.90ZZO4H00000000025592
1839-05-24T07:00-13.5080.221559.31012.6VM8-3529.90ZZO5H00000000025593
1839-05-25T07:00-13.8077.771552.61012.6VM8-3229.90ZZO2H00000000025594
1839-05-26T07:00-14.6375.031549.31012.6VM8-4529.90ZZO5H00000000025595
1839-05-27T07:00-15.9872.731546.71014.3VM8-4429.95ZZO4000000025596
1839-05-28T07:00-17.0869.8515312.31012.6VM8-5629.90ZZO6Z01000000025597
1839-05-29T08:00-18.1066.431499.31016.0VM8-9530.00ZZO5H00000000025598
1839-05-30T08:00-19.5063.781499.31026.1VM8-9530.30ZZO5H00000000025599
1839-05-31T08:00-20.9861.40354.61016.0VM8-10330.00NO3H00000000025600
1839-06-01T08:00-22.4260.601017.7VM8-1030.05W20V03010000025601
1839-06-02T08:00-23.0359.721892.61017.7VM8-14230.05ZZW2V04H00000000025602
1839-06-03T08:00-23.2058.251559.31017.7VM8-14530.05ZTO5H00000000025603
1839-06-04T08:00-23.9555.22989.31024.5VM8-15530.25OZO5H00000000025604
1839-06-05T09:00-24.8752.10739.31024.5VM8-17530.25O5W00W20V03110000025605
1839-06-06T09:00-26.6349.50966.71019.4VM8-17430.10OZO4V10100000025606
1839-06-07T09:00-28.4346.75789.31024.5VM8-23530.25OTZ5H00000000025607
1839-06-08T09:00-29.5243.504512.31022.8VM8-23630.20ONO6V10100000025608
1839-06-09T09:00-30.2840.451892.61021.1VM8-25230.15ZWTZ2H00000000025609
1839-06-10T09:00-30.0538.901552.61021.1VM8-25230.15Z2V03H00000000025610
1839-06-11T10:00-30.6336.3889.31026.1VM8-26530.30NOTN5000000025611
1839-06-12T10:00-31.6034.281542.61024.5VM8-26230.25Z2V04000000025612
1839-06-13T10:00-32.7332.371062.61021.1VM8-29230.15ZO2000000025613
1839-06-14T10:00-32.5230.9320722.61022.8VM8-29930.20ZWTW9000000025614
1839-06-15T10:00-34.6729.8720712.31009.2VM8-29629.80ZWTW6000000025615
1839-06-16T10:00-34.3029.322642.61026.1VM8-29230.30WNW2H00000000025616
1839-06-17T10:00-34.1329.122522.61027.8VM8-29230.35WTN2H00000000025617
1839-06-18T10:00-33.7328.631294.61026.1VM8-29330.30ZZO3000000025618
1839-06-19T10:00-34.6227.62399.31031.2VM8-29530.45ONO5H00000000025619
1839-06-20T10:00-36.0324.483312.61029.5VM8-29230.40N2H00000000025620
1839-06-21T10:00-36.3022.52722.61022.8VM8-29230.20OTZ2000000025621
1839-06-22T11:00-36.3020.80619.31027.8VM8-29530.35O5H00000000025622
1839-06-23T11:00-34.9717.732414.61019.4VM8-29330.10W3H00000000025623
1839-06-24T11:00-34.1515.621529.31019.4VM8-28530.10Z5V03000000025624
1839-06-25T11:00-31.8512.751529.31031.2VM8-28530.45Z5H00000000025625
1839-06-26T11:00-29.7010.081319.31031.2VM8-27530.45ZZO5000000025626
1839-06-27T12:00-27.807.271109.31031.2VM8-25530.45ZO5000000025627
1839-06-28T12:00-25.905.001216.71031.2VM8-25430.45ZOTZ4H00000000025628
1839-06-29T12:00-24.032.701336.71029.5VM8-25430.40ZZO4H00000000025629
1839-06-30T12:00-22.471.131564.61022.8VM8-24330.20Z3H00000000025630
1839-07-01T12:00-21.33-0.281564.61022.8VM8-24330.20Z3H00000000025631
1839-07-02T12:00-20.25-1.051119.31022.8VM8-24530.20ZO5V10100000025632
1839-07-03T12:00-18.75-2.901139.31022.8VM8-22530.20ZO5000000025633
1839-07-04T12:00-16.67-4.47799.31024.5VM8-22530.25OTZ5W00W20V03110000025634
1839-07-05T12:00-15.94-5.29-22000000025635
1839-07-06T12:00-15.22-6.11-22000000025636
1839-07-07T12:00-14.50-6.931136.71024.5VM8-22430.25ZO4H00000000025637
1839-07-08T13:00-12.48-10.07936.71021.1VM8-20430.15OZO4H00000000025638
1839-07-09T13:00-10.68-11.781159.31021.1VM8-20530.15ZO5000000025639
1839-07-10T13:00-9.13-13.831179.31021.1VM8-18530.15ZO5000000025640
1839-07-11T13:00-7.83-15.63726.71021.1VM8-18430.15O4H00000000025641
1839-07-12T13:00-6.55-15.581069.31021.1VM8-18530.15ZOTO5H00000000025642
1839-07-13T13:00-5.02-19.601199.31021.1VM8-16530.15ZO5H00000000025643
1839-07-14T13:00-3.28-22.081089.31021.1VM8-16530.15ZOTO5H00000000025644
1839-07-15T14:00-1.82-23.80996.71019.4VM8-14430.10OZO4H00000000025645
1839-07-16T14:00-0.15-25.421106.71019.4VM8-14430.10ZOTO4H00000000025646
1839-07-17T14:001.38-26.451329.31021.1VM8-14530.15ZOTZ5H00000000025647
1839-07-18T14:003.45-28.431576.71016.0VM8-12430.00ZTO4H00000000025648
1839-07-19T14:006.55-28.131574.61016.0VM8-12330.00ZTO3000000025649
1839-07-20T14:008.90-23.782102.61016.0VM8-15230.00ZW2W22010000025650
1839-07-21T14:009.28-25.983454.61016.0VM8-15330.00N3H00000000025651
1839-07-22T14:009.35-28.273582.61019.4VM8-13230.10NTO2V10100000025652
1839-07-23T14:009.10-29.32212.61021.1VM8-13230.15NOTN2H00000000025653
1839-07-24T14:0010.05-30.47329.31021.1VM8-13530.15NO5W20010000025654
1839-07-25T14:0011.83-31.42324.61016.0VM8-13330.00NO3V10H00100000025655
1839-07-26T14:0013.58-27.20186.71016.0VM8-16430.00NOTN4V00H00000000025656
1839-07-27T14:0015.10-30.5892.61016.0VM8-14230.00NNO2H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation25657
1839-07-28T14:0016.07-34.78226.71016.0VM8-12430.00NOTN4H00000000025658
1839-07-29T14:0017.50-35.95326.71016.0VM8-13430.00NO4000000025659
1839-07-30T15:0019.35-37.63579.31016.0VM8-11530.00ONO5H01000000025660
1839-07-31T15:0021.57-39.53459.31016.0VM8-11530.00NOTO5H00000000025661
1839-08-01T15:0024.02-40.58212.61016.0VM8-13230.00NOTN2000000025662
1839-08-02T15:0025.47-41.853022.61022.8VM8-13230.20NW2000000025663
1839-08-03T15:0025.55-41.731332.61021.1VM8-13230.15ZOTZ2H00000000025664
1839-08-04T15:0026.43-41.351006.71024.5VM8-13430.25OZO4H00000000025665
1839-08-05T15:0028.08-40.5072.61024.5VM8-16230.25NNO2H00000000025666
1839-08-06T15:0029.10-40.623224.61024.5VM8-16330.25NNW3H00000000025667
1839-08-07T15:0029.63-40.82632.61026.1VM8-16230.30OTN2H00000000025668
1839-08-08T15:0030.02-40.301642.61026.1VM8-16230.30Z2000000025669
1839-08-09T15:0030.48-40.081192.61019.4VM8-16230.10ZO2V03000000025670
1839-08-10T15:0030.73-39.85632.61024.5VM8-16230.25OTN2H00000000025671
1839-08-11T15:0031.25-39.90189.31024.5VM8-16530.25NOTN5W20V10H00110000025672
1839-08-12T15:0033.20-41.02269.31026.1VM8-19530.30NO5H00000000025673
1839-08-13T15:0035.25-42.62736.71024.5VM8-17430.25O4H00000000025674
1839-08-14T15:0037.43-42.901182.61024.5VM8-17230.25ZO2000000025675
1839-08-15T15:0038.57-42.032026.71026.1VM8-23430.30ZW4W20V10H00110000025676
1839-08-16T15:0039.90-40.282259.31026.1VM8-23530.30WZW5W00W20110000025677
1839-08-17T15:0041.38-38.252709.31012.6VM8-23529.90WNW5W20V04H00010000025678
1839-08-18T14:0042.57-35.332206.71012.6VM8-28429.90WZW4H00000000025679
1839-08-19T14:0044.05-31.953556.71012.6VM8-28429.90NNO4V03H00000000025680
1839-08-20T14:0044.82-29.522089.31005.1VM8-28529.68ZWTW5H00000000025681
1839-08-21T14:0045.47-26.651879.31009.2VM8-27529.80ZWTZ5000000025682
1839-08-22T13:0046.42-22.281424.61012.6VM8-27329.90ZTO3H10000000025683
1839-08-23T13:0046.53-19.552889.31024.5VM8-27530.25NW5V03000000025684
1839-08-24T13:0046.65-16.823344.61019.4VM8-26330.10N3000000025685
1839-08-25T13:0046.80-13.772556.71021.1VM8-26430.15WTN4H00000000025686
1839-08-26T13:0047.58-11.322999.31019.4VM8-27530.10NWTN5V10H00100000025687
1839-08-27T12:0048.48-7.473356.71016.0VM8-25430.00N4H00000000025688
1839-08-28T12:0050.03-4.651559.31016.0VM8-25530.00Z5000000025689