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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during BATAVIA cruise from Batavia to Rotterdam started at 1837-12-03 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747598, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -0.730720 * Median Longitude: 16.886400 * South-bound Latitude: -35.330000 * West-bound Longitude: -39.700000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.270000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.200000
Date/Time Start: 1837-12-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-04-10T12:00:00
Event(s):
Batavia_18371203_C_REIS_20_P250-257 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.900000 * Longitude End: 3.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1837-12-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-04-10T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Batavia, Voyage: Batavia - Rotterdam, 1st Observer: J.A. Pronk
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 Cloud typeCloud type
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 CommentComment
28 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2346 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

-

Watch

Glasses
10 
Decl [deg]
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
13 
Wind dir descr
14 
Wind force descr
15 
ww
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Cloud type
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
21 
Rain
22 
Fog
23 
Snow
24 
Thunder
25 
Hail
26 
Sea ice
27 
Comment
28 
ID
1837-12-03T00:000.0VM8STILV04000000025350
1837-12-04T05:00-5.80106.20462.61VM812NO2W20V13010000025351
1837-12-05T05:00-6.17105.7612.61VM812N2000000025352
1837-12-06T05:00-6.47105.32115.41VM817N7W00100000025353
1837-12-07T05:00-6.67104.953169.31VM815NW5000000025354
1837-12-08T05:00-8.77104.532931016.0VM8030.00WNWW00V10110000025355
1837-12-09T05:00-11.13103.933049.31009.2VM80529.80NWTW5W20V10110000025356
1837-12-10T05:00-13.03103.0326822.61007.5VM8-2929.75W9W00100000025357
1837-12-11T05:00-13.93102.832682.61012.6VM8-2229.90W2W00W20110000025358
1837-12-12T05:00-14.68102.702916.7VM8-24WNW4000000025359
1837-12-13T05:00-16.25102.78992.6VM8-22OTZ2W20V10110000025360
1837-12-14T05:00-17.28100.551116.7VM8-24OZO4000000025361
1837-12-15T05:00-18.5398.081096.71021.1VM8-4430.15OZO4H00000000025362
1837-12-16T06:00-19.7395.3213112.31020.0VM8-4630.12ZO6000000025363
1837-12-17T06:00-20.9292.781319.31021.7VM8-4530.17ZO50000000a trivial correction was made in this observation25364
1837-12-18T06:00-22.1089.571092.61024.5VM8-4230.25OZO2000000025365
1837-12-19T06:00-23.1086.321612.61024.5VM8-8230.25ZTO2H00000000025366
1837-12-20T06:00-23.4285.781834.61021.1VM8-8330.15ZTW3H00000000025367
1837-12-21T06:00-23.9583.471272.61024.5VM8-8230.25ZO2H00000000025368
1837-12-22T07:00-24.9281.071262.61024.1VM8-9230.24ZO2H00000000025369
1837-12-23T07:00-25.2579.571042.61022.8VM8-9230.20OZO2H00000000025370
1837-12-24T07:00-25.7577.771042.61024.5VM8-9230.25OZO2H00000000025371
1837-12-25T07:00-26.4775.621266.71023.8VM8-9430.23ZO4H00000000025372
1837-12-26T07:00-27.1873.471042.61022.4VM8-9230.19OZO2H00000000025373
1837-12-27T07:00-27.6571.10654.61023.8VM8-14330.23OTN3V04H00000000025374
1837-12-28T07:00-28.2769.13312.61022.8VM8-14230.20NO2H00000000025375
1837-12-29T07:00-28.6767.802002.61022.4VM8-14230.19ZWTZ2W20V10110000025376
1837-12-30T08:00-28.7267.001872.61022.8VM8-16230.20ZZW2V04000000025377
1837-12-31T08:00-28.7264.801304.61023.1VM8-16330.21ZOTZ3000000025378
1838-01-01T08:00-28.7362.07842.61024.5VM8-17230.25OTZ2H00000000025379
1838-01-02T08:00-28.6760.88732.61022.8VM8-17230.20O2000000025380
1838-01-03T08:00-28.9259.83514.61023.4VM8-17330.22ONO3000000025381
1838-01-04T08:00-29.8558.27622.61022.8VM8-17230.20OTN2H00000000025382
1838-01-05T08:00-29.4256.47496.71025.5VM8-19430.28ONO4H00000000025383
1838-01-06T08:00-29.5054.383416.71024.1VM8-19430.24N4H00000000025384
1838-01-07T09:00-29.9251.802942.61021.1VM8-21230.15NW2H00000000025385
1838-01-08T09:00-30.3850.573392.61019.4VM8-21230.10N2H00000000025386
1838-01-09T09:00-30.7049.173171015.3VM8-2129.98NNWZ04V03000000025387
1838-01-10T09:00-31.3847.022589.31009.9VM8-23529.82WTN5V03000000025388
1838-01-11T09:00-31.5046.281809.31007.5VM8-23529.75ZZW5000000025389
1838-01-12T09:00-29.9045.00902.61018.0VM8-23230.06OZO2Z03H00000000025390
1838-01-13T09:00-29.5342.93789.31019.4VM8-23530.10OTZ5H00000000025391
1838-01-14T09:00-29.8540.23889.31022.8VM8-25530.20OZO5V01H00000000025392
1838-01-15T10:00-30.3737.15429.31024.5VM8-26530.25ONO5W20V10H00110000025393
1838-01-16T10:00-31.1734.37429.31019.4VM8-26530.10ONO5H00000000025394
1838-01-17T10:00-31.8332.033562.61018.7VM8-27230.08NNO2H00000000025395
1838-01-18T10:00-32.4831.3379.31021.1VM8-27530.15NOTN5H00, H01000000025396
1838-01-19T10:00-34.1329.271749.31009.9VM8-29529.82ZZW5000000025397
1838-01-20T10:00-34.2027.70619.31019.4VM8-29530.10O5V05000000025398
1838-01-21T10:00-35.1223.432192.61009.2VM8-29229.80WZW2W20V10H00110000025399
1838-01-22T11:00-34.9321.930.01021.4VM8-2930.16STILH00000000025400
1838-01-23T11:00-34.8321.701292.61021.1VM8-29230.15ZZO2H00000000025401
1838-01-24T11:00-35.2020.339515.41022.8VM8-29730.20ZOTO7H00000000025402
1838-01-25T11:00-35.3316.731079.31019.4VM8-28530.10ZO5V05000000025403
1838-01-26T11:00-33.9513.381079.31020.7VM8-28530.14ZO5000000025404
1838-01-27T11:00-31.5711.351089.31018.7VM8-27530.08ZO5V04000000025405
1838-01-28T11:00-29.139.381089.31021.1VM8-27530.15ZO5H00000000025406
1838-01-29T11:00-26.757.571099.31021.1VM8-26530.15ZO5V05000000025407
1838-01-30T12:00-24.984.031102.61020.7VM8-25230.14ZO2000000025408
1838-01-31T12:00-23.503.201102.61020.7VM8-25230.14ZO2000000025409
1838-02-01T12:00-22.331.108912.31021.4VM8-24630.16OZO6V05, V10H00100000025410
1838-02-02T12:00-20.92-0.671114.61021.7VM8-24330.17ZO3H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation25411
1838-02-03T12:00-19.60-2.051119.31022.1VM8-24530.18ZO5V01, V10100000025412
1838-02-04T12:00-17.88-4.021139.31019.4VM8-22530.10ZO5000000025413
1838-02-05T12:00-16.52-5.401132.61019.4VM8-22230.10ZO2H00000000025414
1838-02-06T12:00-15.95-6.071020.0VM8-2230.12000000025415
1838-02-09T00:001359.31021.4530.16ZO5H00000000025416
1838-02-10T12:00-14.43-7.471139.31021.7VM8-22530.17ZO5V05000000025417
1838-02-11T13:00-12.85-9.281159.31020.0VM8-20530.12ZO5000000025418
1838-02-12T13:00-11.85-11.031159.31019.4VM8-20530.10ZO5V10100000025419
1838-02-13T13:00-10.25-13.371179.31020.0VM8-18530.12ZO5H00000000025420
1838-02-14T13:00-8.43-14.851179.31021.4VM8-18530.16ZO5V00000000025421
1838-02-15T13:00-6.80-16.871179.31020.7VM8-18530.14ZO5000000025422
1838-02-16T13:00-5.82-18.671199.31021.1VM8-16530.15ZO5H00000000025423
1838-02-17T13:00-4.53-20.651196.71021.7VM8-16430.17ZO4000000025424
1838-02-18T14:00-3.73-22.931224.61021.4VM8-13330.16ZO3000000025425
1838-02-19T14:00-3.07-24.021226.71020.7VM8-13430.14ZO4V10100000025426
1838-02-20T14:00-1.23-24.871216.71020.7VM8-14430.14ZO4000000025427
1838-02-21T14:000.82-25.45314.61019.4VM8-14330.10NO3V04000000025428
1838-02-22T14:002.35-26.47314.61016.0VM8-14330.00NO3V04000000025429
1838-02-23T14:003.23-27.65119.31019.4VM8-12530.10NNO5H01000000025430
1838-02-24T14:004.30-29.77222.61018.0VM8-12230.06NOTN2H01000000025431
1838-02-25T14:005.68-30.78566.71019.4VM8-12430.10ONO4V01000000025432
1838-02-26T14:007.08-32.78256.71019.4VM8-9430.10NOTN4000000025433
1838-02-27T14:009.07-34.721312.31020.0VM8-10630.12NNO6000000025434
1838-02-28T14:0011.50-36.233512.31019.7VM8-10630.11NO6000000025435
1838-03-01T15:0013.88-37.53599.31022.8VM8-9530.20ONO5H00000000025436
1838-03-02T15:0016.47-38.62599.31023.4VM8-9530.22ONO5V04000000025437
1838-03-03T15:0018.57-39.45916.71024.5VM8-10430.25OTZ4000000025438
1838-03-04T15:0020.87-39.70916.71026.1VM8-10430.30OTZ4H00000000025439
1838-03-05T15:0022.53-39.152576.71024.5VM8-13430.25W4W20010000025440
1838-03-06T14:0024.27-37.483112.61022.1VM8-15230.18NWTN2H00000000025441
1838-03-07T14:0025.45-36.3884.61023.8VM8-15330.23NNO3H00000000025442
1838-03-08T14:0025.93-34.52196.71026.1VM8-15430.30NOTN4000000025443
1838-03-09T14:0027.27-36.05194.61024.5VM8-15330.25NOTN3000000025444
1838-03-10T14:0028.92-37.33616.71026.1VM8-18430.30OTN4H00000000025445
1838-03-11T15:0030.93-38.201429.31024.5VM8-16530.25ZZO5V10100000025446
1838-03-12T14:0032.82-37.15252.61021.4VM8-20230.16NO2H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation25447
1838-03-13T14:0034.82-36.92486.71029.5VM8-20430.40ONO4H00000000025448
1838-03-14T15:0035.98-38.53496.71032.9VM8-19430.50ONO4000000025449
1838-03-15T15:0038.37-38.221126.71029.5VM8-23430.40ZO4000000025450
1838-03-16T14:0040.08-36.751456.71029.5VM8-24430.40ZTO4H00000000025451
1838-03-17T14:0041.00-34.821346.71032.6VM8-24430.49ZZO4V10100000025452
1838-03-18T14:0041.88-32.772122.61031.2VM8-24230.45ZWTW2V00H00000000025453
1838-03-19T14:0042.15-31.10109.31029.5VM8-24530.40NOTN5V05H00000000025454
1838-03-20T14:0041.85-29.270.01032.2VM8-24130.48STIL000000025455
1838-03-21T14:0041.42-28.801792.61032.9VM8-24230.50ZZW2V05000000025456
1838-03-22T14:0041.83-28.372469.31036.3VM8-24530.60W5V04H00000000025457
1838-03-23T14:0042.72-25.5374.61026.1VM8-27330.30NOTN3V04000000025458
1838-03-24T14:0043.07-23.6723226.81015.3VM8-271029.98WTZ10Z01V03000000025459
1838-03-25T13:0044.43-20.4528826.81002.4VM8-271029.60NW10000000025460
1838-03-26T13:0045.10-16.956415.41012.6VM8-26729.90O7W00100000025461
1838-03-27T13:0044.53-15.02872.61016.0VM8-26230.00OZO2V05000000025462
1838-03-28T13:0043.98-15.258722.6VM8-269OZO9Z01000000025463
1838-03-29T13:0045.00-15.081774.6VM8-263ZZW3Z01H00000000025464
1838-03-30T13:0045.68-14.220.0VM8-26STILH10000000025465
1838-03-31T13:0046.25-13.83192.6VM8-262NO2V05000000025466
1838-04-01T13:0046.08-12.707526.8VM8-2610OTZ10W20Z01010000025467
1838-04-02T13:0046.52-11.106512.3VM8-256O6W00Z04H00100000025468
1838-04-03T13:0041.05-10.68674.6VM8-233O3V10100000025469
1838-04-04T13:0046.50-10.263582.6VM8-252NNO2H00000000025470
1838-04-05T13:0046.10-9.832459.3VM8-255W5V05H00000000025471
1838-04-06T12:0046.88-6.032702.6VM8-232WNW2W21010000025472
1838-04-07T12:0048.82-5.8329026.8VM8-2510NW10V13000000025473
1838-04-08T12:0050.27-3.372682.61VM8-252WNW2H00000000025474
1838-04-09T12:0050.530.002022.61VM8-232ZW2H00000000025475
1838-04-10T12:0051.271.672022.61VM8-232ZW2W10H00001000025476