Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -1.718037 * Median Longitude: 12.238972 * South-bound Latitude: -34.950000 * West-bound Longitude: -40.430000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.280000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.150000

Date/Time Start: 1835-01-07T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-04-28T00:00:00

Event(s):

Batavia_18350107_B_REIS_20 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.900000 * Longitude End: 3.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1835-01-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-04-28T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Batavia, Voyage: Batavia - Rotterdam, 1st Observer: H. Bruhn (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
8	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
9	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
14	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Cloud type	Cloud type
20	Clearness	Clearness
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Comment	Comment
29	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1986 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 - (1 If position is considered t...)	8 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	9 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	10 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	13 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 ww (Weather description)	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Cloud type	20 Clearness	21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	22 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	28 Comment	29 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1835-01-07T05:00	-8.30	103.15	315	9.3			VM	8	BATAVIA, MET H. BRUHN, VAN BATAVIA NAAR ROTTERDAM 1835, EXTRACT B, FOLIO 286-289	0	5		NW	5				V04		0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	24845
1835-01-08T05:00	-9.13	102.50	90	2.6			VM	8		0	2		O	2				V00	H00	0	0		24846
1835-01-09T05:00	-9.78	102.10	101	2.6			VM	8		0	2		OTZ	2						0	0		24847
1835-01-10T05:00	-10.28	101.87	135	4.6			VM	8		0	3		ZO	3						0	0		24848
1835-01-11T05:00	-10.78	101.95	135	9.3			VM	8	BEGIN DER ZO PASSAAT	0	5		ZO	5				V00	H00	0	0		24849
1835-01-12T05:00	-11.82	100.47	135	9.3			VM	8		0	5		ZO	5				V03	H00	0	0		24850
1835-01-13T05:00	-13.77	98.20	156	9.3			VM	8		-2	5		ZZO	5				V03, V00	H00	0	0		24851
1835-01-14T06:00	-14.77	95.15	133	9.3			VM	8		-2	5		ZO	5					H00	0	0		24852
1835-01-15T06:00	-15.48	92.83	133	9.3			VM	8		-2	5		ZO	5				V00	H00	0	0		24853
1835-01-16T06:00	-16.30	90.43	133	9.3			VM	8		-2	5		ZO	5				V00	H00	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	24854
1835-01-17T06:00	-17.27	87.57	156	15.4			VM	8		-2	7		ZZO	7				V01	H00	0	0		24855
1835-01-18T06:00	-17.68	84.63	153	15.4			VM	8		-5	7		ZZO	7				V04		0	0		24856
1835-01-19T07:00	-18.05	81.17	118	15.4			VM	8		-6	7		ZOTO	7		W20				0	1		24857
1835-01-20T07:00	-18.60	76.73	107	15.4			VM	8		-6	7		OZO	7				V01	H00	0	0		24858
1835-01-21T07:00	-19.87	74.92	107	12.3			VM	8		-6	6		OZO	6				V01	H00	0	0		24859
1835-01-22T07:00	-20.98	72.08	116	9.3			VM	8		-8	5		ZOTO	5				V03, V01	H00	0	0		24860
1835-01-23T07:00	-21.63	69.37	127	9.3			VM	8		-8	5		ZO	5				V01	H00	0	0		24861
1835-01-24T08:00	-22.22	66.05	104	9.3			VM	8		-9	5		OZO	5				V00	H00	0	0		24862
1835-01-25T08:00	-22.98	63.23	101	9.3			VM	8		-12	5		OZO	5						0	0		24863
1835-01-26T08:00	-23.57	60.73	99	6.7			VM	8		-14	4		OZO	4				V00	H00	0	0		24864
1835-01-27T08:00	-24.13	58.87	144	9.3			VM	8		-14	5		ZZO	5		W20		V01, V00	H00	0	1		24865
1835-01-28T08:00	-24.93	56.30	130	2.6			VM	8		-16	2		ZOTZ	2				V00	H00	0	0		24866
1835-01-29T08:00	-25.45	54.17	153	4.6			VM	8		-16	3		ZTO	3					H00	0	0		24867
1835-01-30T08:00	-25.98	53.05	119	4.6			VM	8	EINDE VAN DE ZO PASSAAT	-16	3		ZO	3				V00		0	0		24868
1835-01-31T09:00	-26.53	51.23	72	9.3			VM	8		-18	5		O	5						0	0		24869
1835-02-01T09:00	-27.02	49.47	117	4.6	1022.8		VM	8		-18	3	30.20	ZO	3		W20		V10		0	1		24870
1835-02-02T09:00	-27.67	47.08	56	12.3	1032.9		VM	8		-23	6	30.50	OTN	6		W20		V03		0	1		24871
1835-02-03T09:00	-28.90	44.50	78	9.3	1019.4		VM	8		-23	5	30.10	OTZ	5						0	0		24872
1835-02-04T09:00	-29.77	41.22	43	30.9	1019.4		VM	8		-25	11	30.10	ONO	11				V04		0	0		24873
1835-02-05T09:00	-30.72	38.90	346	9.3	1019.4		VM	8		-25	5	30.10	NTO	5						0	0		24874
1835-02-06T09:00	-31.58	37.92	211	2.6	1016.0		VM	8		-25	2	30.00	ZWTW	2					H00	0	0		24875
1835-02-07T10:00	-31.80	35.37	42	9.3	1016.0		VM	8		-26	5	30.00	ONO	5						0	0		24876
1835-02-08T10:00	-31.80	33.42	244	26.8	1016.0		VM	8		-26	10	30.00	W	10			Z01			0	0		24877
1835-02-09T10:00	-32.58	31.33	196	2.6	1009.2		VM	8		-29	2	29.80	ZW	2					H00	0	0		24878
1835-02-10T10:00	-32.17	29.92	243	6.7	1022.8		VM	8		-27	4	30.20	W	4						0	0		24879
1835-02-11T10:00	-33.30	28.00	241	15.4	1019.4		VM	8		-29	7	30.10	W	7						0	0		24880
1835-02-12T10:00	-33.28	29.05	174	2.6	1016.0		VM	8		-29	2	30.00	ZZW	2					H00	0	0		24881
1835-02-13T10:00	-34.50	25.55	50	9.3	1016.0		VM	8		-29	5	30.00	OTN	5					H00	0	0		24882
1835-02-14T10:00	-34.95	23.68	264	6.7	1019.4		VM	8		-29	4	30.10	WNW	4						0	0		24883
1835-02-15T10:00	-34.88	23.08	196	6.7	1019.4		VM	8		-29	4	30.10	ZW	4				V00	H00	0	0		24884
1835-02-16T11:00	-34.85	20.97	117	2.6	1019.4		VM	8		-29	2	30.10	ZOTZ	2					H00	0	0		24885
1835-02-17T11:00	-34.78	20.32	106	15.4	1019.4		VM	8		-29	7	30.10	ZO	7						0	0		24886
1835-02-18T11:00	-34.72	16.97	163	15.4	1019.4		VM	8		-28	7	30.10	ZTW	7			Z04			0	0		24887
1835-02-19T11:00	-32.47	13.80	197	9.3	1016.0		VM	8		-28	5	30.00	ZW	5				V00		0	0		24888
1835-02-20T11:00	-30.75	11.00	131	15.4	1016.0		VM	8		-27	7	30.00	ZZO	7				V10		0	0		24889
1835-02-21T11:00	-28.87	8.00	119	15.4	1019.4		VM	8	BEGIN DER ZO PASSAAT	-27	7	30.10	ZOTZ	7						0	0		24890
1835-02-22T12:00	-27.00	6.62	110	9.3	1019.4		VM	8		-25	5	30.10	ZO	5						0	0		24891
1835-02-23T12:00	-25.53	4.97	133	9.3	1022.8		VM	8		-25	5	30.20	ZZO	5						0	0		24892
1835-02-24T12:00	-24.42	4.30	133	9.3	1026.1		VM	8		-25	5	30.30	ZZO	5						0	0		24893
1835-02-25T12:00	-22.92	2.07	123	12.3	1026.1		VM	8		-23	6	30.30	ZOTZ	6				V04		0	0		24894
1835-02-26T12:00	-21.15	0.48	123	12.3			VM	8		-23	6		ZOTZ	6					H00	0	0		24895
1835-02-27T12:00	-19.20	-1.50	135	12.3			VM	8		-23	6		ZZO	6		W20		V10		0	1		24896
1835-02-28T12:00	-17.32	-3.55	137	9.3			VM	8		-22	5		ZZO	5					H00	0	0		24897
1835-03-01T12:00	-16.05	-4.58					VM	8		-22										0	0		24898
1835-03-04T12:00	-15.05	-7.13	114	6.7			VM	8		-22	4		ZO	4						0	0		24899
1835-03-05T13:00	-14.02	-8.57	115	6.7			VM	8		-20	4		ZO	4					H00	0	0		24900
1835-03-06T13:00	-12.88	-10.85	104	6.7			VM	8		-20	4		ZOTO	4		W20		V00, V04	H00	0	1		24901
1835-03-07T13:00	-11.60	-11.92	104	6.7			VM	8		-20	4		ZOTO	4				V00	H00	0	0		24902
1835-03-08T13:00	-10.43	-13.30	107	6.7			VM	8		-17	4		ZOTO	4				V00	H00	0	0		24903
1835-03-09T13:00	-9.17	-14.97	129	9.3			VM	8		-17	5		ZOTZ	5				V00	H00	0	0		24904
1835-03-10T13:00	-7.32	-16.63	140	6.7			VM	8		-18	4		ZZO	4				V00	H00	0	0		24905
1835-03-11T13:00	-5.43	-17.73	131	6.7			VM	8		-15	4		ZOTZ	4				V00	H00	0	0		24906
1835-03-12T13:00	-3.38	-18.40	98	9.3			VM	8		-15	5		OZO	5				V00	H00	0	0		24907
1835-03-13T13:00	-1.37	-19.12	142	4.6			VM	8	EINDE DER ZO PASSAAT	-16	3		ZZO	3					H00	0	0		24908
1835-03-14T13:00	0.03	-19.68	142	4.6			VM	8		-16	3		ZZO	3						0	0		24909
1835-03-15T13:00	1.38	-20.52	142	4.6			VM	8		-16	3		ZZO	3						0	0		24910
1835-03-16T13:00	2.73	-20.02	63	2.6			VM	8		-16	2		OTN	2					H00	0	0		24911
1835-03-17T13:00	3.62	-21.38	18	4.6			VM	8		-16	3		NOTN	3		W20		V10		0	1		24912
1835-03-18T13:00	4.17	-21.98	52	9.3			VM	8		-16	5		ONO	5				V10		0	0		24913
1835-03-19T14:00	5.45	-22.57	31	9.3			VM	8		-14	5		NO	5						0	0		24914
1835-03-20T14:00	6.92	-23.75	42	6.7			VM	8		-14	4		NOTO	4						0	0		24915
1835-03-21T14:00	8.15	-25.33	30	9.3			VM	8		-15	5		NO	5					H00	0	0		24916
1835-03-22T14:00	10.00	-27.23	30	12.3			VM	8		-15	6		NO	6					H00	0	0		24917
1835-03-23T14:00	12.28	-29.70	33	9.3			VM	8		-12	5		NO	5					H00	0	0		24918
1835-03-24T14:00	14.53	-31.97	31	6.7			VM	8		-14	4		NO	4				V03	H00	0	0		24919
1835-03-25T14:00	16.22	-33.78	12	4.6			VM	8		-11	3		NNO	3				V00		0	0		24920
1835-03-26T14:00	16.75	-35.35	79	4.6			VM	8		-11	3		O	3				V00	H00	0	0		24921
1835-03-27T14:00	17.68	-35.57	77	6.7			VM	8		-13	4		O	4	W00			V03	H00	1	0		24922
1835-03-28T14:00	19.25	-34.62	43	6.7			VM	8		-13	4		NOTO	4				V10	H00	0	0		24923
1835-03-29T14:00	21.17	-36.15	55	2.6			VM	8		-13	2		ONO	2						0	0		24924
1835-03-30T14:00	22.15	-35.08	347	2.6			VM	8		-13	2		N	2						0	0		24925
1835-03-31T14:00	22.47	-37.37	55	4.6			VM	8		-13	3		ONO	3					H00	0	0		24926
1835-04-01T15:00	22.95	-37.83	101	4.6			VM	8		-12	3		OZO	3					H00	0	0		24927
1835-04-02T15:00	24.08	-37.73	202	9.3			VM	8		-12	5		ZWTZ	5				V00	H00	0	0		24928
1835-04-03T14:00	25.93	-37.00	210	6.7	1029.5		VM	8		-15	4	30.40	ZW	4					H00	0	0		24929
1835-04-04T14:00	27.87	-35.96	276	9.3	1029.5		VM	8		-17	5	30.40	WNW	5					H00	0	0		24930
1835-04-05T14:00	29.58	-35.30	28	9.3	1026.1		VM	8		-17	5	30.30	NO	5						0	0		24931
1835-04-06T14:00	30.47	-35.90	28	9.3	1022.8		VM	8		-17	5	30.20	NO	5			Z01			0	0		24932
1835-04-07T15:00	31.75	-37.81	53	9.3	1029.5		VM	8		-15	5	30.40	ONO	5				V00	H00	0	0		24933
1835-04-08T15:00	33.45	-39.49	83	6.7	1029.5		VM	8		-18	4	30.40	OTZ	4				V04		0	0		24934
1835-04-09T15:00	34.93	-40.43	140	12.3	1029.5		VM	8		-18	6	30.40	ZZO	6				V04		0	0		24935
1835-04-10T15:00	36.88	-38.67	162	15.4	1026.1		VM	8		-18	7	30.30	Z	7			Z01			0	0		24936
1835-04-11T14:00	39.58	-36.36	213	4.6	1026.1		VM	8		-23	3	30.30	ZWTW	3			Z01		H00	0	0		24937
1835-04-12T14:00	40.83	-35.88	225	9.3	1029.5		VM	8		-23	5	30.40	WZW	5						0	0		24938
1835-04-13T14:00	42.12	-31.99	167	12.3	1029.5		VM	8		-24	6	30.40	ZTW	6						0	0		24939
1835-04-14T14:00	43.10	-29.30	153	12.3	1030.9		VM	8		-27	6	30.44	Z	6				V04		0	0		24940
1835-04-15T14:00	44.63	-25.54	131	9.3	1026.1		VM	8		-27	5	30.30	ZZO	5				V04		0	0		24941
1835-04-16T14:00	46.42	-22.83	131	6.7	1029.5		VM	8		-27	4	30.40	ZZO	4						0	0		24942
1835-04-17T13:00	47.78	-19.25	150	4.6	1029.5		VM	8		-30	3	30.40	Z	3				V04		0	0		24943
1835-04-18T13:00	48.98	-17.39	175	9.3	1029.5		VM	8		-28	5	30.40	ZZW	5				V04		0	0		24944
1835-04-19T13:00	49.43	-15.80	186	12.3	1026.1		VM	8		-28	6	30.30	ZWTZ	6				V04		0	0		24945
1835-04-20T13:00	49.28	-12.54	231	2.6	1036.3		VM	8		-28	2	30.60	WTZ	2						0	0		24946
1835-04-21T13:00	49.23	-10.76	356	4.6	1036.3		VM	8		-27	3	30.60	NNO	3				V04	H00	0	0		24947
1835-04-22T13:00	49.15	-8.89	7	9.3	1032.9		VM	8		-27	5	30.50	NOTN	5				V00	H00	0	0		24948
1835-04-23T12:00	48.97	-6.39	20	2.6	1032.9		VM	8		-25	2	30.50	NO	2				V00	H00	0	0		24949
1835-04-24T12:00	49.43	-5.00	313	12.3	1036.3		VM	8		-25	6	30.60	NNW	6				V00	H00	0	0		24950
1835-04-25T12:00	50.28	-2.83	324	15.4	1032.9	1	VM	8		-25	7	30.50	NTW	7						0	0		24951
1835-04-26T00:00			56	9.3	1026.1	1	VM	8			5	30.30	NOTO	5						0	0		24952
1835-04-27T00:00			90	9.3	1026.1	1	VM	8			5	30.30	O	5				V10		0	0		24953
1835-04-28T00:00	51.32		68	30.9	1026.1	1	VM	8			11	30.30	ONO	11		W20				0	1		24954