Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 4.131746 * Median Longitude: 4.551746 * South-bound Latitude: -35.150000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.050000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.810000 * East-bound Longitude: 98.670000

Date/Time Start: 1833-12-14T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1834-04-21T12:00:00

Event(s):

Batavia_18331214_L_REIS_3 * Latitude Start: -1.090000 * Longitude Start: 100.210000 * Latitude End: 51.940000 * Longitude End: 3.720000 * Date/Time Start: 1833-12-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1834-04-21T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Batavia, Voyage: Padang - Hellevoetsluis, 1st Observer: Bruhn (Kapitein), Company: MER

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
8	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
9	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Cloud type	Cloud type
20	Clearness	Clearness
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Comment	Comment
29	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2096 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg]	5 ff [m/s]	6 PPPP [hPa]	7 -	8 Watch	9 Glasses	10 Decl [deg]	11 Wind scale ref [#]	12 Reading [arbitrary units]	13 Wind dir descr	14 Cur dir descr	15 Wind force descr	16 ww	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Cloud type	20 Clearness	21 Gusts	22 Rain	23 Fog	25 Thunder	28 Comment	29 ID
1833-12-14T05:00	-3.33	98.67	170	6.7			VM	8	1	4		ZTO		4						0	0	0	0		25976
1833-12-15T05:00	-4.48	97.77	136	12.3			VM	8	1	6		ZO		6					H00	0	0	0	0		25977
1833-12-16T06:00	-6.60	96.47	136	12.3			VM	8	1	6		ZO		6						0	0	0	0		25978
1833-12-17T06:00	-8.70	95.37	135	12.3			VM	8	0	6		ZO		6						0	0	0	0		25979
1833-12-18T06:00	-10.73	93.43	135	9.3			VM	8	0	5		ZO		5						0	0	0	0		25980
1833-12-19T06:00	-12.73	91.50	144	12.3			VM	8	-2	6		ZOTZ		6						0	0	0	0		25981
1833-12-20T06:00	-14.67	89.23	144	12.3			VM	8	-2	6		ZOTZ		6				V04		0	0	0	0		25982
1833-12-21T06:00	-16.38	86.68	143	12.3			VM	8	-3	6		ZOTZ		6				V04		0	0	0	0		25983
1833-12-22T06:00	-17.90	83.72	141	12.3			VM	8	-5	6		ZOTZ		6				V04		0	0	0	0		25984
1833-12-23T07:00	-19.12	80.70	129	12.3			VM	8	-6	6		ZO		6						0	0	0	0		25985
1833-12-24T07:00	-19.85	78.05	107	9.3			VM	8	-6	5		OZO		5					H00	0	0	0	0		25986
1833-12-25T07:00	-20.48	75.10	83	6.7			VM	8	-7	4		O		4						0	0	0	0		25987
1833-12-26T07:00	-21.30	73.00	106	6.7			VM	8	-7	4		OZO		4				V00		0	0	0	0		25988
1833-12-27T07:00	-21.45	71.13	105	9.3			VM	8	-8	5		OZO		5					H00	0	0	0	0		25989
1833-12-28T07:00	-21.90	68.83	82	6.7			VM	8	-8	4		O		4					H00	0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	25990
1833-12-29T08:00	-22.23	65.42	104	9.3			VM	8	-9	5		OZO		5					H00	0	0	0	0		25991
1833-12-30T08:00	-22.53	63.28	101	6.7			VM	8	-12	4		OZO		4				V00		0	0	0	0		25992
1833-12-31T08:00	-22.93	61.22	121	12.3			VM	8	-14	6		ZO		6						0	0	0	0		25993
1834-01-01T08:00	-24.08	58.38	144	12.3			VM	8	-14	6		ZZO		6					H00	0	0	0	0		25994
1834-01-02T08:00	-25.27	55.72	85	12.3			VM	8	-16	6		OTZ		6				V10		0	0	0	0		25995
1834-01-03T08:00	-26.53	52.53	63	12.3			VM	8	-16	6		OTN		6				V04		0	0	0	0		25996
1834-01-04T09:00	-27.53	49.38	24	15.4			VM	8	-22	7		NO		6-7					H01	0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	25997
1834-01-05T09:00	-28.23	46.00	362				VM	8	-23			VARIABEL				W20	Z07			0	1	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	25998
1834-01-06T09:00	-28.80	43.85	157	19.0			VM	8	-23	8		Z		8	W00			V03		1	0	0	0		25999
1834-01-07T09:00	-29.20	41.57	166	9.3			VM	8	-25	5		ZTW		6-5					H00	0	0	0	0		26000
1834-01-08T09:00	-29.57	39.28	155	6.7			VM	8	-25	4		Z		4						0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	26001
1834-01-09T09:00	-30.18	37.50	110	9.3			VM	8	-25	5		ZO	W	6-5			Z03			0	0	0	0		26002
1834-01-10T10:00	-31.45	34.93	64	4.6			VM	8	-26	3		O		3				V01		0	0	0	0		26003
1834-01-11T10:00	-32.50	32.02	362				VM	8	-27			VARIABEL								0	0	0	0		26004
1834-01-12T10:00	-32.77	30.32	50	12.3			VM	8	-29	6		OTN		6		W20				0	1	0	0		26005
1834-01-13T10:00	-34.03	28.43	174	6.7			VM	8	-29	4		ZZW		2-4					H00	0	0	0	0		26006
1834-01-14T10:00	-34.37	26.33	361				VM	8	-29			STIL								0	0	0	0		26007
1834-01-15T10:00	-34.87	24.35	230	12.3			VM	8	-29	6		WTZ		6			Z00			0	0	0	0		26008
1834-01-16T10:00	-35.15	23.10	39	4.6			VM	8	-29	3		ONO		3					H00	0	0	0	0		26009
1834-01-17T11:00	-35.07	21.30	275	26.8			VM	8	-29	10		NWTW		8-10						0	0	0	0		26010
1834-01-18T11:00	-34.98	21.17	275	30.9			VM	8	-29	11		NWTW		11			Z02			0	0	0	0		26011
1834-01-19T11:00	-35.15	21.53	174	9.3			VM	8	-29	5		ZZW		5						0	0	0	0		26012
1834-01-20T11:00	-34.93	21.38	72	2.6			VM	8	-29	2		OTZ		2					H00	0	0	0	0		26013
1834-01-21T11:00	-35.03	20.30	362				VM	8	-29			VARIABEL			W10			V05		0	0	1	0		26014
1834-01-22T11:00	-34.82	19.08	174	9.3			VM	8	-29	5		ZZW		5						0	0	0	0		26015
1834-01-23T11:00	-33.47	16.38	141	12.3			VM	8	-28	6		ZTO		6				V05		0	0	0	0		26016
1834-01-24T11:00	-31.82	13.22	131	12.3			VM	8	-27	6		ZZO		6					H00	0	0	0	0		26017
1834-01-25T11:00	-30.17	10.05	132	6.7			VM	8	-26	4		ZZO		4	W10					0	0	1	0		26018
1834-01-26T11:00	-28.43	8.00	109	6.7			VM	8	-26	4		ZO		5-4						0	0	0	0		26019
1834-01-27T12:00	-26.93	5.98	133	6.7			VM	8	-25	4		ZZO		4						0	0	0	0		26020
1834-01-28T12:00	-25.32	3.88	133	6.7			VM	8	-25	4		ZZO		4						0	0	0	0		26021
1834-01-29T12:00	-23.83	1.83	90	2.6			VM	8	-23	2		OZO		2					H00	0	0	0	0		26022
1834-01-30T12:00	-22.40	-0.87	90	2.6			VM	8	-23	2		OZO		2					H00	0	0	0	0		26023
1834-01-31T12:00	-21.38	-0.87	90	4.6			VM	8	-23	3		OZO		3					H00	0	0	0	0		26024
1834-02-01T12:00	-20.30	-1.77	78	9.3			VM	8	-23	5		OTZ		5					H00	0	0	0	0		26025
1834-02-02T12:00	-18.87	-3.58	137	9.3			VM	8	-21	5		ZZO		5				V05		0	0	0	0		26026
1834-02-03T12:00	-17.43	-5.08	125	6.7			VM	8	-21	4		ZOTZ		4						0	0	0	0		26027
1834-02-04T00:00						1	VM	8												0	0	0	0		26028
1834-02-06T12:00	-15.10	-6.83	92	4.6			VM	8	-21	3		OZO		0-3				V00		0	0	0	0		26029
1834-02-07T13:00	-14.23	-7.97	71	6.7			VM	8	-19	4		O		4						0	0	0	0		26030
1834-02-08T13:00	-13.27	-9.35	116	6.7			VM	8	-19	4		ZO		4				V00		0	0	0	0		26031
1834-02-09T13:00	-12.60	-10.75	116	6.7			VM	8	-19	4		ZO		4					H00	0	0	0	0		26032
1834-02-10T13:00	-11.65	-12.15	127	6.7			VM	8	-19	4		ZOTZ		4					H00	0	0	0	0		26033
1834-02-11T13:00	-10.42	-13.85	118	9.3			VM	8	-17	5		ZO		5					H00	0	0	0	0		26034
1834-02-12T13:00	-9.42	-15.42	141	6.7			VM	8	-17	4		ZZO		5-4						0	0	0	0		26035
1834-02-13T13:00	-8.23	-16.88	163	9.3			VM	8	-17	5		Z		5						0	0	0	0		26036
1834-02-14T13:00	-6.52	-18.25	75	0.0			VM	8	-15	0		O		2-0						0	0	0	0		26037
1834-02-15T13:00	-5.43	-19.12	75	4.6			VM	8	-15	3		O		3				V00		0	0	0	0		26038
1834-02-16T13:00	-4.20	-19.75	98	6.7			VM	8	-15	4		OZO		2-4						0	0	0	0		26039
1834-02-17T13:00	-2.30	-20.63	29	0.0			VM	8	-16	0		NO		2-0				V05		0	0	0	0		26040
1834-02-18T13:00	-1.53	-21.38	164	1.0			VM	8	-16	1		Z		1						0	0	0	0		26041
1834-02-19T13:00	-0.82	-21.92	254	2.6			VM	8	-16	2		W		2	W30			V00		0	0	0	1		26042
1834-02-20T13:00	0.22	-20.77	18	9.3			VM	8	-16	5		NOTN		5					H00	0	0	0	0		26043
1834-02-21T14:00	1.35	-23.08	10	6.7			VM	8	-13	4		NNO		4						0	0	0	0		26044
1834-02-22T14:00	2.43	-24.62	358	12.3			VM	8	-13	6		NTO		6				V01		0	0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	26045
1834-02-23T14:00	3.08	-25.52	9	6.7			VM	8	-14	4		NNO		4				V05		0	0	0	0		26046
1834-02-24T14:00	3.72	-26.62	20	9.3			VM	8	-14	5		NOTN		5					H00	0	0	0	0		26047
1834-02-25T14:00	4.75	-28.35	12	12.3			VM	8	-11	6		NNO		6						0	0	0	0		26048
1834-02-26T14:00	5.65	-29.95	34	9.3			VM	8	-11	5		NO		5					H00	0	0	0	0		26049
1834-02-27T14:00	7.00	-31.52	23	9.3			VM	8	-11	5		NOTN		5	W10			V06		0	0	1	0		26050
1834-02-28T14:00	8.75	-32.90	36	12.3			VM	8	-10	6		NO		6						0	0	0	0		26051
1834-03-01T14:00	10.38	-34.23	36	9.3			VM	8	-10	5		NO		5						0	0	0	0		26052
1834-03-02T14:00	12.08	-36.07	36	12.3			VM	8	-10	6		NO		6						0	0	0	0		26053
1834-03-03T14:00	14.02	-37.12	57	12.3			VM	8	-11	6		ONO		6						0	0	0	0		26054
1834-03-04T15:00	16.08	-38.55	26	6.7			VM	8	-8	4		NOTN		5-4					H00	0	0	0	0		26055
1834-03-05T15:00	17.92	-39.85	24	6.7			VM	8	-10	4		NOTN		4					H00	0	0	0	0		26056
1834-03-06T15:00	19.73	-41.50	69	6.7	1022.8		VM	8	-10	4	30.20	OTN		6-4						0	0	0	0		26057
1834-03-07T15:00	21.83	-41.73	80	0.0			VM	8	-10	0		O		2-0						0	0	0	0		26058
1834-03-08T15:00	23.55	-42.05	359	9.3			VM	8	-12	5		NTO		5						0	0	0	0		26059
1834-03-09T15:00	25.88	-41.75	348	6.7			VM	8	-12	4		N		4						0	0	0	0		26060
1834-03-10T15:00	24.23	-39.62	359	12.3			VM	8	-12	6		NTO		6				V03		0	0	0	0		26061
1834-03-11T14:00	24.40	-37.37	356	6.7			VM	8	-15	4		NTO		4						0	0	0	0		26062
1834-03-12T14:00	24.58	-35.25	356	6.7			VM	8	-15	4		NTO		4						0	0	0	0		26063
1834-03-13T14:00	25.12	-37.20	356	9.3			VM	8	-15	5		NTO		6-5					H00	0	0	0	0		26064
1834-03-14T14:00	25.40	-35.80	334	0.0			VM	8	-15	0		NTW		2-0						0	0	0	0		26065
1834-03-15T14:00	25.47	-36.48	361				VM	8	-15			STIL								0	0	0	0		26066
1834-03-16T14:00	25.57	-37.23	30	2.6			VM	8	-15	2		NO		0-2					H00	0	0	0	0		26067
1834-03-17T15:00	24.92	-37.97	56	9.3			VM	8	-12	5		ONO		5					H00	0	0	0	0		26068
1834-03-18T15:00	27.07	-38.70	123	12.3			VM	8	-12	6		ZO		6						0	0	0	0		26069
1834-03-19T15:00	29.00	-38.47	120	12.3			VM	8	-15	6		ZO		6						0	0	0	0		26070
1834-03-20T15:00	32.20	-38.02	120	19.0			VM	8	-15	8		ZO		8			Z01			0	0	0	0		26071
1834-03-21T14:00	34.70	-36.38	104	15.4			VM	8	-20	7		ZOTO		8-7			Z01			0	0	0	0		26072
1834-03-22T14:00	36.87	-35.82	138	15.4			VM	8	-20	7		ZZO		7						0	0	0	0		26073
1834-03-23T14:00	38.75	-34.43	123	12.3			VM	8	-23	6		ZOTZ		6						0	0	0	0		26074
1834-03-24T14:00	40.78	-32.23	179	15.4	1026.1		VM	8	-24	7	30.30	ZZW		5-7	W00					1	0	0	0		26075
1834-03-25T14:00	42.02	-30.35	190	12.3			VM	8	-24	6		ZWTZ		6				V05		0	0	0	0		26076
1834-03-26T14:00	43.55	-27.57	266	6.7			VM	8	-27	4		WNW		4			Z03 NW			0	0	0	0		26077
1834-03-27T14:00	44.77	-25.07	243	12.3			VM	8	-27	6		W		6				V05		0	0	0	0		26078
1834-03-28T13:00	45.82	-21.83	244	12.3			VM	8	-26	6		W		6		W20				0	1	0	0		26079
1834-03-29T13:00	46.88	-18.30	19	22.6			VM	8	-26	9		NO		9		W20	Z00			0	1	0	0		26080
1834-03-30T13:00	46.57	-16.82	42	9.3			VM	8	-26	5		ONO		6-5					H00	0	0	0	0		26081
1834-03-31T13:00	45.92	-14.03	42	4.6			VM	8	-26	3		ONO		3				V04		0	0	0	0		26082
1834-04-01T13:00	45.43	-12.58	30	6.7			VM	8	-26	4		NOTO		4						0	0	0	0		26083
1834-04-02T13:00	45.27	-12.00	54	19.0			VM	8	-25	8		OTN		8						0	0	0	0		26084
1834-04-03T13:00	43.85	-9.57	43	19.0			VM	8	-25	8		ONO		9-8						0	0	0	0		26085
1834-04-04T13:00	44.62	-11.55	76	15.4			VM	8	-25	7		OTZ		7						0	0	0	0		26086
1834-04-05T13:00	46.23	-12.13	88	15.4			VM	8	-25	7		OZO		7				V04		0	0	0	0		26087
1834-04-06T13:00	48.08	-12.75	118	9.3			VM	8	-28	5		ZOTZ		5						0	0	0	0		26088
1834-04-07T13:00	49.78	-11.05	86	6.7			VM	8	-27	4		OZO		4				V00		0	0	0	0		26089
1834-04-08T13:00	48.67	-11.17	86	12.3			VM	8	-27	6		OZO		6				V05		0	0	0	0		26090
1834-04-09T13:00	48.67	-9.55	108	15.4			VM	8	-27	7		ZO		7			Z01			0	0	0	0		26091
1834-04-10T13:00	48.82	-10.53	108	19.0			VM	8	-27	8		ZO		8				V05		0	0	0	0		26092
1834-04-11T13:00	48.28	-10.10	41	9.3			VM	8	-27	5		ONO		2-5	W00					1	0	0	0		26093
1834-04-12T13:00	49.20	-9.37	86	9.3			VM	8	-27	5		OZO		5						0	0	0	0		26094
1834-04-13T13:00	49.10	-9.32	131	22.6			VM	8	-27	9		ZZO		8-9						0	0	0	0		26095
1834-04-14T13:00	49.03	-7.80	131	22.6			VM	8	-27	9		ZZO		11-9			Z02			0	0	0	0		26096
1834-04-15T13:00	49.07	-8.27	74	12.3			VM	8	-27	6		OTZ		8-6						0	0	0	0		26097
1834-04-16T12:00	49.90	-6.72	88	12.3			VM	8	-25	6		OZO		6						0	0	0	0		26098
1834-04-17T12:00	49.82	-6.12	99	15.4			VM	8	-25	7		ZOTO		7						0	0	0	0		26099
1834-04-18T12:00	49.67	-5.15	65	9.3			VM	8	-25	5		O		5						0	0	0	0		26100
1834-04-19T12:00	50.18	-4.65	54	9.3		1	VM	8	-25	5		OTN		5						0	0	0	0		26101
1834-04-21T12:00	51.81	4.08				1	VM	8	-21											0	0	0	0		26102