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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AZIA cruise from Batavia to the Netherlands started at 1854-05-01 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747572, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 0.962385 * Median Longitude: 10.772294 * South-bound Latitude: -35.300000 * West-bound Longitude: -34.030000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.530000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.130000
Date/Time Start: 1854-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1854-08-23T12:00:00
Event(s):
Azia_18540501_T_REIS_21B_P203-210 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1854-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1854-08-23T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Azia, Voyage: Batavia - Nederland, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
16 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18 Present weatherwwWeather description
19 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
23 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
24 FogFog1 If fog was reported
25 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
26 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27 HailHail1 If hail was reported
28 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2322 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
16 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
17 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
18 
ww
(Weather description)
19 
Precip descr
20 
State sea descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
23 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
24 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
25 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
26 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
27 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
28 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1854-05-01T00:001VM8ONDER ZEIL. DWARS IN DEN WEG NTO. CRACATOUW WTN000000023271
1854-05-02T00:002149.3VM85ZWTZ5W00W20V10110000023272
1854-05-03T00:00-6.181584.6VM83ZZO3V05000000023273
1854-05-04T00:00-6.251809.31009.227.8VM8582.0029.80Z5V10000000023274
1854-05-05T05:00-6.75104.1317012.31009.227.8VM81682.0029.80ZTO6W30, N000010023275
1854-05-06T05:00-7.63102.351139.31009.228.9VM80584.0029.80OZO5Z07, Z01V01000000023276
1854-05-07T05:00-8.50100.421466.71009.227.2VM80481.0029.80ZOTZ4W20V10, V03010000023277
1854-05-08T05:00-9.2398.621139.31009.227.2VM80581.0029.80OZO5000000023278
1854-05-09T06:00-10.3896.431346.71009.227.2VM8-1481.0029.80ZO4000000023279
1854-05-10T06:00-11.3794.051349.31009.225.6VM8-1578.0029.80ZO5000000023280
1854-05-11T06:00-12.4791.45899.31009.226.7VM8-1580.0029.80O5W20V06010000023281
1854-05-12T06:00-13.6089.281109.31009.226.1VM8-3579.0029.80OZO5V04000000023282
1854-05-13T06:00-15.0886.221109.31009.226.1VM8-3579.0029.80OZO5Z01000000023283
1854-05-14T06:00-16.1883.48879.31012.625.6VM8-3578.0029.90O5Z01V01000000023284
1854-05-15T07:00-17.5080.481189.31016.025.6VM8-6578.0030.00ZOTO5Z01000000023285
1854-05-16T07:00-18.6577.681079.3VM8-65OZO5Z01000000023286
1854-05-17T07:00-20.1774.57616.71016.025.0VM8-7477.0030.00ONO4000000023287
1854-05-18T07:00-21.1372.00604.61016.025.6VM8-8378.0030.00ONO3000000023288
1854-05-19T07:00-21.7570.451274.61016.026.1VM8-8379.0030.00ZO3000000023289
1854-05-20T07:00-22.3568.5510519.01016.023.9VM8-8875.0030.00OZO8Z01V10000000023290
1854-05-21T08:00-23.4565.25789.31019.423.3VM8-12574.0030.10O5000000023291
1854-05-22T08:00-24.7062.15559.31019.423.3VM8-13574.0030.10ONO5V00000000023292
1854-05-23T08:00-25.4560.07774.61019.424.4VM8-13376.0030.10O3000000023293
1854-05-24T08:00-26.0258.176612.31019.424.4VM8-13676.0030.10OTN6000000023294
1854-05-25T08:00-26.6755.803456.71016.024.4VM8-15476.0030.00N4V01000000023295
1854-05-26T08:00-27.6754.531616.71012.623.3VM8-19474.0029.90Z4W00W20Z01V10110000023296
1854-05-27T08:00-28.1852.80944.61019.421.1VM8-19370.0030.10OZO3Z01000000023297
1854-05-28T09:00-29.0049.231039.31016.021.7VM8-21571.0030.00ZOTO5Z01000000023298
1854-05-29T09:00-29.8046.8013512.31016.020.6VM8-23669.0030.00ZZO6Z01000000023299
1854-05-30T09:00-30.8043.05906.71022.818.9VM8-23466.0030.20OZO4Z01V00000000023300
1854-05-31T09:00-31.6040.08324.61022.819.4VM8-24367.0030.20NOTO3000000023301
1854-06-01T09:00-32.3338.323364.61022.821.1VM8-24370.0030.20N3000000023302
1854-06-02T10:00-32.7536.883544.61026.122.2VM8-29372.0030.30NNO3000000023303
1854-06-03T10:00-33.0036.003544.61026.121.7VM8-29371.0030.30NNO3000000023304
1854-06-04T10:00-33.4732.973319.31016.021.7VM8-29571.0030.00N5000000023305
1854-06-05T10:00-34.0829.6315119.01009.220.6VM8-29869.0029.80WTZ, Z8Z01000000023306
1854-06-06T10:00-33.8728.0319612.31022.817.8VM8-29664.0030.20ZW6Z01000000023307
1854-06-07T10:00-34.1726.082404.61026.116.7VM8-30362.0030.30W3Z01000000023308
1854-06-08T10:00-34.6225.034912.31022.819.4VM8-30667.0030.20OTN6V00000000023309
1854-06-09T11:00-35.3021.422636.71012.620.0VM8-30468.0029.90WNW4W30, W00V05100010023310
1854-06-10T11:00-35.0520.7827419.01005.816.7VM8-30862.0029.70NWTW8Z02000000023311
1854-06-11T11:00-35.3020.351059.31016.017.8VM8-30564.0030.00ZO5Z01V00, V01000000023312
1854-06-12T11:00-34.0217.501059.31016.017.8VM8-30564.0030.00ZO5Z01000000023313
1854-06-13T11:00-31.7514.581184.61019.419.4VM8-28367.0030.10ZOTZ3000000023314
1854-06-14T11:00-30.5213.281304.61016.020.0VM8-28368.0030.00ZZO3000000023315
1854-06-15T11:00-29.5211.852876.71016.018.9VM8-28466.0030.00NW4000000023316
1854-06-16T11:00-28.2312.332986.71016.017.8VM8-28464.0030.00NWTN4W00100000023317
1854-06-17T11:00-27.7711.632654.61016.018.9VM8-28366.0030.00WNW3000000023318
1854-06-18T11:00-26.2810.571539.31022.817.8VM8-27564.0030.20Z5V05000000023319
1854-06-19T11:00-24.878.101089.31022.817.2VM8-27563.0030.20ZO5Z01000000023320
1854-06-20T12:00-23.335.621096.71019.419.4VM8-26467.0030.10ZO4000000023321
1854-06-21T12:00-21.903.671219.31019.419.4VM8-25567.0030.10ZOTZ5000000023322
1854-06-22T12:00-20.331.60999.31019.419.4VM8-25567.0030.10ZOTN5000000023323
1854-06-23T12:00-18.75-0.709912.31019.420.6VM8-25669.0030.10ZOTO6000000023324
1854-06-24T12:00-17.23-3.271129.31019.421.1VM8-23570.0030.10ZO5000000023325
1854-06-25T12:00-15.90-5.501019.421.11VM8-2370.0030.10000000023326
1854-06-26T00:001VM8ANKER OP EN ONDER ZEIL000000023327
1854-06-27T00:001246.7VM84ZOTO4000000023328
1854-06-28T13:00-14.23-8.03919.31016.021.7VM8-22571.0030.00OZO5000000023329
1854-06-29T13:00-12.40-9.88694.61016.023.3VM8-21374.0030.00O3000000023330
1854-06-30T13:00-10.98-11.18474.61016.025.0VM8-21377.0030.00ONO3000000023331
1854-07-01T13:00-9.78-12.321144.61016.025.0VM8-21377.0030.00ZO3000000023332
1854-07-02T13:00-8.52-13.751044.61016.025.6VM8-20378.0030.00ZOTO3000000023333
1854-07-03T13:00-7.33-15.551056.71016.026.1VM8-19479.0030.00ZOTO4Z01000000023334
1854-07-04T13:00-6.05-17.521189.31016.025.6VM8-17578.0030.00ZO5000000023335
1854-07-05T13:00-3.35-19.13739.31016.023.3VM8-17574.0030.00O5000000023336
1854-07-06T13:00-0.77-20.95729.31012.625.6VM8-18578.0029.90O5000000023337
1854-07-07T13:001.47-21.831514.61012.625.0VM8-18377.0029.90ZTO3000000023338
1854-07-08T14:002.98-22.901426.71012.625.0VM8-16477.0029.90ZZO4000000023339
1854-07-09T14:004.75-23.881644.61012.626.1VM8-16379.0029.90Z3000000023340
1854-07-10T14:006.72-23.651879.3992.326.1VM8-16579.0029.30W, ZZW5AFWISSELEND000000023341
1854-07-11T14:009.27-23.331636.71012.625.6VM8-17478.0029.90Z4000000023342
1854-07-12T14:0011.22-23.402764.61012.626.7VM8-17380.0029.90WNW3000000023343
1854-07-13T14:0011.97-22.653219.31012.625.6VM8-17578.0029.90NNW5000000023344
1854-07-14T14:0011.95-25.0864.61012.625.6VM8-17378.0029.90NNO3000000023345
1854-07-15T14:0012.62-26.07272.61012.625.0VM8-18277.0029.90NO2V03000000023346
1854-07-16T14:0013.05-26.55274.61012.625.6VM8-18378.0029.90NO3000000023347
1854-07-17T14:0014.33-27.2554.61012.625.0VM8-18377.0029.90NNO3000000023348
1854-07-18T14:0015.32-27.983556.71012.624.4VM8-16476.0029.90NTO4V03000000023349
1854-07-19T14:0016.48-29.082912.31012.621.1VM8-16670.0029.90NO6000000023350
1854-07-20T14:0018.25-30.503436.71016.023.9VM8-17475.0030.00N4000000023351
1854-07-21T14:0020.57-30.97519.31019.423.9VM8-17575.0030.10ONO5000000023352
1854-07-22T14:0023.13-31.922612.31019.423.9VM8-19675.0030.10NO6Z01000000023353
1854-07-23T14:0025.90-33.02394.61022.824.4VM8-17376.0030.20NOTO3000000023354
1854-07-24T14:0028.03-33.53266.71022.825.0VM8-19477.0030.20NO4000000023355
1854-07-25T14:0028.70-34.032961.01022.826.7VM8-19180.0030.20NW1000000023356
1854-07-26T14:0029.12-33.602746.71019.425.6VM8-19478.0030.10WNW4V00000000023357
1854-07-27T14:0030.28-32.453051.01016.025.0VM8-21177.0030.00NWTN1000000023358
1854-07-28T14:0030.93-31.732272.61016.025.0VM8-21277.0030.00WZW2V00000000023359
1854-07-29T14:0031.92-31.132499.31019.425.0VM8-21577.0030.10W5V01000000023360
1854-07-30T14:0033.33-29.422929.31019.424.4VM8-23576.0030.10NW5000000023361
1854-07-31T14:0035.02-27.273379.31019.423.3VM8-23574.0030.10N5000000023362
1854-08-01T14:0035.80-25.13224.61016.023.3VM8-23374.0030.00NO3000000023363
1854-08-02T14:0035.90-24.483604.61019.422.8VM8-23373.0030.10NNO3000000023364
1854-08-03T14:0036.05-24.683604.61019.424.4VM8-23376.0030.10NNO3000000023365
1854-08-04T14:0036.33-25.23334.61019.425.6VM8-23378.0030.10NOTO3V00000000023366
1854-08-05T14:0037.33-25.87674.61022.824.4VM8-23376.0030.20O3000000023367
1854-08-06T14:0037.52-25.752004.61022.824.4VM8-25376.0030.20ZW3000000023368
1854-08-07T14:0038.17-24.2335812.31019.423.9VM8-25675.0030.10NNO6000000023369
1854-08-08T14:0038.75-24.003244.61019.423.3VM8-25374.0030.10NTW3V04000000023370
1854-08-09T14:0039.60-23.373359.31016.022.8VM8-25573.0030.00N5000000023371
1854-08-10T13:0040.28-21.053581.01019.422.8VM8-25173.0030.10NNO1000000023372
1854-08-11T13:0040.55-20.872004.61019.424.4VM8-25376.0030.10ZW3000000023373
1854-08-12T13:0041.53-19.173139.31012.625.6VM8-25578.0029.90NNW5V00000000023374
1854-08-13T13:0042.15-17.233259.31016.020.6VM8-24569.0030.00NTW5V00000000023375
1854-08-14T13:0042.23-15.682919.31016.020.0VM8-24568.0030.00NW5000000023376
1854-08-15T13:0044.67-13.272896.71019.418.9VM8-26466.0030.10NW4Z01V01000000023377
1854-08-16T13:0045.73-11.682014.61019.420.0VM8-24368.0030.10ZW3V00000000023378
1854-08-17T13:0046.40-10.483144.61019.421.7VM8-24371.0030.10NNW3W20V10010000023379
1854-08-18T13:0047.02-9.48554.61019.421.1VM8-24370.0030.10OTN3000000023380
1854-08-19T13:0047.75-9.000.01019.420.0VM8-2668.0030.10STIL000000023381
1854-08-20T13:0047.93-8.651994.61016.021.1VM8-26370.0030.00ZW3V05000000023382
1854-08-21T12:0049.10-6.582129.31009.221.1VM8-24570.0029.80ZWTW5000000023383
1854-08-22T12:0050.10-3.002919.31016.017.81VM8-24564.0030.00NW5V00000000023384
1854-08-23T12:0050.53-0.2520312.31019.418.91VM8-22666.0030.10ZW6000000023385