Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -11.850104 * Median Longitude: 25.431979 * South-bound Latitude: -40.250000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.070000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.180000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000

Date/Time Start: 1853-11-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1854-02-05T05:00:00

Event(s):

Azia_18531101_T_REIS_21B_P203-210 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-11-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1854-02-05T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Azia, Voyage: Nederland - Batavia, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
14	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
15	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
16	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
18	Present weather	ww		Weather description
19	Precipitation description	Precip descr
20	State of the sea description	State sea descr
21	Cloud type	Cloud type
22	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
23	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
24	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
25	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
26	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
28	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29	Comment	Comment
30	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1982 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 - (1 If position is considered t...)	9 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	10 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	11 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	14 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	15 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	16 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	17 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	18 ww (Weather description)	19 Precip descr	20 State sea descr	21 Cloud type	22 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	23 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	26 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	29 Comment	30 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-11-01T00:00			180	12.3			1	VM	8	ONDER ZEIL NAAR JAVA		6			Z	6				V00	0	0	0		23174
1853-11-02T12:00	51.18	1.97	147	2.6	1012.6	14.4	1	VM	8		-22	2	58.00	29.90	N, ZTO	2					0	0	0		23175
1853-11-03T12:00	50.67	-0.73	91	9.3	1016.0	14.4	1	VM	8		-22	5	58.00	30.00	OZO	5					0	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	23176
1853-11-04T12:00	49.85	-3.58	134	9.3	1005.8	16.1	1	VM	8		-24	5	61.00	29.70	ZZO	5		W20	Z01	V05	0	1	0		23177
1853-11-05T12:00	48.97	-6.25	314	6.7	999.1	16.7		VM	8		-24	4	62.00	29.50	NNW	4					0	0	0		23178
1853-11-06T13:00	46.67	-9.72	359	6.7	1016.0	15.6		VM	8		-24	4	60.00	30.00	NNO	4					0	0	0		23179
1853-11-07T13:00	43.65	-11.93	359	6.7	1022.8	16.1		VM	8		-24	4	61.00	30.20	NNO	4			Z01		0	0	0		23180
1853-11-08T13:00	40.53	-13.92	10	6.7	1019.4	16.7		VM	8		-24	4	62.00	30.10	NOTN	4					0	0	0		23181
1853-11-09T13:00	37.35	-15.58	1	6.7	1016.0	17.8		VM	8		-22	4	64.00	30.00	NNO	4					0	0	0		23182
1853-11-10T13:00	34.37	-16.45	338	6.7	1009.2	19.4		VM	8		-22	4	67.00	29.80	N	4				V10	0	0	0		23183
1853-11-11T13:00	31.93	-17.78	339	4.6	982.1	19.4		VM	8		-21	3	67.00	29.00	N	3				V00	0	0	0		23184
1853-11-12T13:00	30.62	-18.08	249	6.7	1005.8	18.9		VM	8		-21	4	66.00	29.70	W	4				V00, V01	0	0	0		23185
1853-11-13T13:00	28.28	-18.58	350	6.7	1009.2	18.9		VM	8		-21	4	66.00	29.80	NTO	4					0	0	0		23186
1853-11-14T13:00	26.10	-19.80	3	4.6	1012.6	20.0		VM	8		-20	3	68.00	29.90	NNO	3					0	0	0		23187
1853-11-15T13:00	24.48	-20.70	261	4.6	1016.0	21.1		VM	8		-20	3	70.00	30.00	WTN	3					0	0	0		23188
1853-11-16T13:00	22.53	-22.17	340	6.7	1016.0	22.2		VM	8		-20	4	72.00	30.00	N	4					0	0	0		23189
1853-11-17T14:00	20.27	-23.70	5	6.7	1012.6	22.2		VM	8		-18	4	72.00	29.90	NNO	4		W20			0	1	0		23190
1853-11-18T14:00	17.97	-25.53	72	12.3	1012.6	22.2		VM	8		-18	6	72.00	29.90	O	6				V06	0	0	0		23191
1853-11-19T14:00	14.60	-25.32	84	9.3	1012.6	23.9		VM	8		-17	5	75.00	29.90	OTZ	5				V00	0	0	0		23192
1853-11-20T14:00	11.63	-24.20	51	6.7	1012.6	25.0		VM	8		-17	4	77.00	29.90	ONO	4					0	0	0		23193
1853-11-21T14:00	8.63	-23.12	141	9.3	1009.2	21.1		VM	8		-17	5	70.00	29.80	ONO, ZZO	5	W42				0	0	1		23194
1853-11-22T14:00	7.27	-22.80	97	4.6	1009.2	24.4		VM	8		-16	3	76.00	29.80	OZO	3					0	0	0		23195
1853-11-23T14:00	6.18	-22.70	74	4.6	1009.2	26.1		VM	8		-16	3	79.00	29.80	O	3	W30			V00	0	0	1		23196
1853-11-24T13:00	4.78	-22.33	128	4.6	1009.2	26.1		VM	8		-18	3	79.00	29.80	ZOTZ	3				V10	0	0	0		23197
1853-11-25T14:00	3.72	-23.15	142	6.7	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-16	4	78.00	29.80	ZZO	4				V10	0	0	0		23198
1853-11-26T14:00	2.52	-25.17	52	12.3	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-16	6	78.00	29.80	ZO, ONO	6		W21			0	1	0		23199
1853-11-27T14:00	1.35	-25.48	143	4.6	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-15	3	78.00	29.80	ZZO	3					0	0	0		23200
1853-11-28T14:00	-0.35	-26.93	165	6.7	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-15	4	78.00	29.80	Z	4					0	0	0		23201
1853-11-29T14:00	-2.92	-28.22	123	6.7	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-12	4	78.00	29.80	ZO	4					0	0	0		23202
1853-11-30T14:00	-5.30	-29.07	89	6.7	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-12	4	78.00	29.80	OTZ	4				V10	0	0	0		23203
1853-12-01T14:00	-8.32	-28.90	79	6.7	1009.2	25.6		VM	8		-11	4	78.00	29.80	O	4				V00	0	0	0		23204
1853-12-02T14:00	-11.15	-28.23	79	4.6	1009.2	25.0		VM	8		-11	3	77.00	29.80	O	3					0	0	0		23205
1853-12-03T14:00	-13.37	-27.38	9	4.6	1009.2	25.0		VM	8		-14	3	77.00	29.80	NNO	3					0	0	0		23206
1853-12-04T14:00	-14.83	-26.25	9	4.6	1009.2	25.0		VM	8		-14	3	77.00	29.80	NNO	3					0	0	0		23207
1853-12-05T14:00	-16.75	-24.68	335	4.6	1012.6	25.0		VM	8		-14	3	77.00	29.90	NTW	3					0	0	0		23208
1853-12-06T14:00	-18.05	-23.07	325	4.6	1012.6	24.4		VM	8		-13	3	76.00	29.90	NNW	3					0	0	0		23209
1853-12-07T13:00	-19.18	-21.65	119	9.3	1012.6	25.0		VM	8		-16	5	77.00	29.90	ZO	5				V01	0	0	0		23210
1853-12-08T13:00	-20.72	-21.85	97	4.6	1016.0	23.9		VM	8		-16	3	75.00	30.00	OZO	3					0	0	0		23211
1853-12-09T13:00	-22.27	-21.97	29	4.6	1016.0	23.3		VM	8		-16	3	74.00	30.00	NO	3					0	0	0		23212
1853-12-10T13:00	-23.78	-20.28	323	4.6	1016.0	23.3		VM	8		-15	3	74.00	30.00	NNW	3					0	0	0		23213
1853-12-11T13:00	-24.73	-18.68	109	6.7	1016.0	22.8		VM	8		-15	4	73.00	30.00	ZOTO	4				V01	0	0	0		23214
1853-12-12T13:00	-25.80	-19.08	98	6.7	1016.0	21.1		VM	8		-15	4	70.00	30.00	OZO	4		W20			0	1	0		23215
1853-12-13T13:00	-27.95	-18.40	335	9.3	1012.6	22.2		VM	8		-14	5	72.00	29.90	NTW	5				V03	0	0	0		23216
1853-12-14T13:00	-28.88	-15.42	163	12.3	1012.6	22.2		VM	8		-17	6	72.00	29.90	Z	6					0	0	0		23217
1853-12-15T13:00	-29.08	-14.50	62	12.3	1016.0	20.0		VM	8		-17	6	68.00	30.00	OTN	6					0	0	0		23218
1853-12-16T13:00	-30.58	-13.03	17	6.7	1019.4	20.6		VM	8		-17	4	69.00	30.10	NOTN	4					0	0	0		23219
1853-12-17T13:00	-31.48	-10.25	318	6.7	1016.0	21.1		VM	8		-20	4	70.00	30.00	NNW	4				V00, V01	0	0	0		23220
1853-12-18T12:00	-32.67	-6.68	136	6.7	1012.6	21.7		VM	8		-22	4	71.00	29.90	ZZO	4				V05	0	0	0		23221
1853-12-19T12:00	-31.93	-3.72	45	6.7	1016.0	19.4		VM	8		-23	4	67.00	30.00	ONO	4				V05	0	0	0		23222
1853-12-20T12:00	-33.92	0.13	347	9.3	1012.6	19.4		VM	8		-24	5	67.00	29.90	NTO	5					0	0	0		23223
1853-12-21T12:00	-34.77	3.97	334	12.3	1009.2	20.0		VM	8		-26	6	68.00	29.80	N	6					0	0	0		23224
1853-12-22T12:00	-36.80	6.47	244	9.3	1009.2	19.4		VM	8		-26	5	67.00	29.80	W	5				V10	0	0	0		23225
1853-12-23T11:00	-37.57	10.05	220	9.3	1005.8	18.3		VM	8		-28	5	65.00	29.70	WZW	5			Z01		0	0	0		23226
1853-12-24T11:00	-38.15	14.52	162	9.3	1012.6	17.8		VM	8		-29	5	64.00	29.90	ZTW	5				V05	0	0	0		23227
1853-12-25T11:00	-38.43	18.03	128	4.6				VM	8		-30	3			ZZO	3					0	0	0		23228
1853-12-26T11:00	-38.78	19.90	240	6.7	1012.6	19.4		VM	8		-30	4	67.00	29.90	W	4					0	0	0		23229
1853-12-27T10:00	-38.57	23.33	262	1.0	1009.2	20.6		VM	8		-31	1	69.00	29.80	WNW	1		W20		V10	0	1	0		23230
1853-12-28T10:00	-38.37	25.98	205	6.7	1005.8	21.1		VM	8		-31	4	70.00	29.70	ZWTW	4			Z01		0	0	0		23231
1853-12-29T10:00	-38.78	30.98	217	6.7	1009.2	19.4		VM	8		-31	4	67.00	29.80	WZW	4					0	0	0		23232
1853-12-30T10:00	-39.43	35.13	228	12.3	995.7	18.9		VM	8		-31	6	66.00	29.40	WTZ	6			Z01		0	0	0		23233
1853-12-31T09:00	-40.05	39.48	161	12.3	982.1	17.2		VM	8		-30	6	63.00	29.00	ZTW	6			Z01	V03	0	0	0		23234
1854-01-01T09:00	-40.25	43.58	218	6.7	982.1	15.0		VM	8		-30	4	59.00	29.00	WZW	4	W01				1	0	0		23235
1854-01-02T09:00	-39.10	47.27	341	4.6	1005.8	13.9		VM	8		-30	3	57.00	29.70	NTO	3					0	0	0		23236
1854-01-03T09:00	-39.28	50.58	276	6.7	1009.2	15.0		VM	8		-28	4	59.00	29.80	NWTW	4					0	0	0		23237
1854-01-04T08:00	-39.63	56.15	221	4.6	1005.8	17.8		VM	8		-27	3	64.00	29.70	WZW	3					0	0	0		23238
1854-01-05T08:00	-40.13	58.88	244	12.3				VM	8		-26	6			N, W	6				V03	0	0	0		23239
1854-01-06T08:00	-40.15	63.22	88	4.6	1012.6	18.9		VM	8		-25	3	66.00	29.90	OZO	3				V01	0	0	0		23240
1854-01-07T08:00	-40.13	65.63	346	9.3	1019.4	14.4		VM	8		-25	5	58.00	30.10	NTO	5				V05	0	0	0		23241
1854-01-08T07:00	-39.98	69.58	336	19.0	1009.2	16.7		VM	8		-24	8	62.00	29.80	N	8			Z01		0	0	0		23242
1854-01-09T07:00	-39.63	74.62	202	19.0	1005.8	17.8		VM	8		-23	8	64.00	29.70	NWTW, ZW	8		W21	Z01		0	1	0		23243
1854-01-10T07:00	-39.03	78.28	226	4.6	1016.0	17.2		VM	8		-22	3	63.00	30.00	WZW	3			Z01		0	0	0		23244
1854-01-11T07:00	-38.08	80.17	158	1.0	1022.8	17.8		VM	8		-22	1	64.00	30.20	Z	1					0	0	0		23245
1854-01-12T07:00	-37.73	81.07	68	9.3	1022.8	17.2		VM	8		-22	5	63.00	30.20	N, O	5		W20		V10	0	1	0		23246
1854-01-13T06:00	-37.68	83.80	294	6.7	1019.4	18.9		VM	8		-21	4	66.00	30.10	NW	4					0	0	0		23247
1854-01-14T06:00	-36.22	86.28	299	6.7	1019.4	18.9		VM	8		-16	4	66.00	30.10	NW	4				V00	0	0	0		23248
1854-01-15T06:00	-34.47	87.97	255	4.6	1019.4	20.6		VM	8		-15	3	69.00	30.10	W	3					0	0	0		23249
1854-01-16T06:00	-33.13	89.20	165	6.7	1019.4	20.6		VM	8		-15	4	69.00	30.10	Z	4				V01	0	0	0		23250
1854-01-17T06:00	-32.07	89.95	12	4.6	1019.4	21.1		VM	8		-11	3	70.00	30.10	NNO	3					0	0	0		23251
1854-01-18T06:00	-31.42	91.00	57	6.7	1022.8	20.0		VM	8		-11	4	68.00	30.20	ONO	4					0	0	0		23252
1854-01-19T06:00	-28.70	91.83	90	12.3	1019.4	21.1		VM	8		-11	6	70.00	30.10	OTZ	6				V10	0	0	0		23253
1854-01-20T06:00	-25.95	93.88	106	12.3	1016.0	22.2		VM	8		-7	6	72.00	30.00	OZO	6					0	0	0		23254
1854-01-21T06:00	-23.13	96.07	128	6.7	1012.6	22.2		VM	8		-7	4	72.00	29.90	ZO	4					0	0	0		23255
1854-01-22T05:00	-20.23	97.87	165	6.7				VM	8		-4	4			ZTO	4					0	0	0		23256
1854-01-23T05:00	-18.38	99.25	86	4.6	1012.6	25.0		VM	8		-4	3	77.00	29.90	O	3				V00	0	0	0		23257
1854-01-24T05:00	-16.58	99.78	99	4.6	1009.2	25.0		VM	8		-2	3	77.00	29.80	OTZ	3					0	0	0		23258
1854-01-25T05:00	-14.65	101.08	133	4.6	1009.2	26.1		VM	8		-2	3	79.00	29.80	ZO	3					0	0	0		23259
1854-01-26T05:00	-13.02	102.08	122	6.7	1009.2	27.8		VM	8		-2	4	82.00	29.80	ZOTO	4					0	0	0		23260
1854-01-27T05:00	-10.97	102.92	56	6.7	1009.2	28.3		VM	8		0	4	83.00	29.80	NOTO	4				V00	0	0	0		23261
1854-01-28T05:00	-8.52	102.28	79	4.6	1009.2	27.8		VM	8		0	3	82.00	29.80	OTN	3	W30, NO				0	0	1		23262
1854-01-29T05:00	-6.92	101.85	80	1.0	1009.2	28.9		VM	8		1	1	84.00	29.80	OTN	1				V00	0	0	0		23263
1854-01-30T05:00	-6.07	103.05	114	6.7	1009.2	28.3		VM	8		1	4	83.00	29.80	OZO	4					0	0	0		23264
1854-01-31T05:00	-6.57	103.73	102	4.6	1009.2	28.3		VM	8		1	3	83.00	29.80	OTZ	3				V05	0	0	0		23265
1854-02-01T05:00	-6.62	104.30	114	6.7	1009.2	28.3		VM	8		1	4	83.00	29.80	OZO	4				V00	0	0	0		23266
1854-02-02T05:00	-6.33	104.73	114	1.0	1009.2	28.9		VM	8		1	1	84.00	29.80	OZO	1					0	0	0		23267
1854-02-03T05:00	-6.77	104.70	147	4.6	1009.2	28.3		VM	8		1	3	83.00	29.80	ZOTZ	3					0	0	0		23268
1854-02-04T05:00	-6.38	105.05	181	9.3	1009.2	29.4		VM	8		1	5	85.00	29.80	W, Z	5	W00, W41				1	0	1		23269
1854-02-05T05:00	-6.10	106.86	1		1005.8	27.8	1	VM	8		1		82.00	29.70	N						0	0	0		23270