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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AZIA cruise from Batavia to Nieuwediep started at 1853-03-14 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747570, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -3.121066 * Median Longitude: 13.521311 * South-bound Latitude: -35.750000 * West-bound Longitude: -34.030000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.680000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.200000
Date/Time Start: 1853-03-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-07-17T12:00:00
Event(s):
Azia_18530314_T_REIS_21A_P192-202 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-03-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-07-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Azia, Voyage: Batavia - Nieuwediep, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
11 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
12 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
13 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
14 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
15 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
16 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
17 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
18 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
19 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
20 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
21 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
22 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
23 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
24 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
25 Present weatherwwWeather description
26 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
27 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
28 Cloud typeCloud type
29 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
30 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
31 FogFog1 If fog was reported
32 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
33 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
34 HailHail1 If hail was reported
35 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
36 CommentComment
37 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2560 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
11 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
12 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
13 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
14 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
15 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
16 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
17 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
18 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
19 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
20 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
21 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
22 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
23 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
24 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
25 
ww
(Weather description)
26 
Precip descr
27 
State sea descr
28 
Cloud type
29 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
30 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
31 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
32 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
33 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
34 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
35 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
36 
Comment
37 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-03-14T00:0027012.31ANKER OP EN ONDER ZEIL. KRAKATOU NNW, JAVA WNW6W6W00W20V10110000023048
1853-03-15T00:0029312.3KRAKATOUNO1/2OJAVA HOEKOZOPRINSEN EILANDNO1/2O1VM86WNW6Z01000000023049
1853-03-16T00:002934.61VM83ZW, WNW3W20010000023050
1853-03-17T05:00-8.27104.002599.31009.227.2VM80581.0029.80WTZ5V10000000023051
1853-03-18T05:00-9.60104.20451.01009.228.9VM80184.0029.80NOS011V00000000023052
1853-03-19T05:00-9.30104.080.01009.228.9VM8084.0029.80STIL000000023053
1853-03-20T05:00-9.98103.781584.61009.230.0VM80386.0029.80ZZO3000000023054
1853-03-21T05:00-10.38103.02114.61009.229.4VM80385.0029.80NTO3000000023055
1853-03-22T05:00-11.37102.53234.61009.229.4VM80385.0029.80NNO3000000023056
1853-03-23T05:00-12.33102.27906.71009.229.4VM80485.0029.80O4V00000000023057
1853-03-24T05:00-13.82100.971116.71009.227.8VM8-2482.0029.80OZO4V01000000023058
1853-03-25T05:00-14.9398.381116.71009.228.3VM8-2483.0029.80OZO4V01000000023059
1853-03-26T06:00-15.9295.951446.71009.227.8VM8-2482.0029.80ZOTZS01, ZW4V05000000023060
1853-03-27T06:00-17.0293.1815615.41009.226.1VM8-2779.0029.80ZZO7W20Z01V05010000023061
1853-03-28T06:00-18.0790.0214112.31009.225.0VM8-5677.0029.80ZOTZ6Z01V03000000023062
1853-03-29T06:00-19.2386.331299.31009.225.0VM8-6577.0029.80ZO5Z01000000023063
1853-03-30T07:00-19.9782.471526.71012.625.0VM8-6477.0029.90ZZO4000000023064
1853-03-31T07:00-20.7580.871294.61012.625.0VM8-6377.0029.90ZO3000000023065
1853-04-01T07:00-21.3078.45846.71016.025.0VM8-6477.0030.00O4000000023066
1853-04-02T07:00-22.0776.13616.71016.025.0VM8-7477.0030.00ONO4V05, V10000000023067
1853-04-03T07:00-22.8574.381254.61016.025.0VM8-10377.0030.00ZO3000000023068
1853-04-04T07:00-23.3872.27689.31016.025.6VM8-11578.0030.00ZO, OTN5V10000000023069
1853-04-05T07:00-24.2069.721026.71019.425.0VM8-11477.0030.10OZO4000000023070
1853-04-06T08:00-24.7867.30566.71016.025.0VM8-12477.0030.00ONO4V00000000023071
1853-04-07T08:00-25.3565.42676.71016.025.6VM8-12478.0030.00OTN4000000023072
1853-04-08T08:00-26.1062.90446.71012.626.1VM8-12479.0029.90NOTOS014000000023073
1853-04-09T08:00-26.9860.1214512.31009.225.0VM8-13677.0029.80ZZO6Z01V03000000023074
1853-04-10T08:00-27.5358.0016319.01012.622.8VM8-17873.0029.90Z8Z02000000023075
1853-04-11T08:00-27.7755.0215019.01016.022.2VM8-19872.0030.00ZTO8Z01000000023076
1853-04-12T09:00-28.1852.401829.31012.622.2VM8-21572.0029.90ZZW5000000023077
1853-04-13T09:00-28.2350.131142.61012.622.2VM8-21272.0029.90ZO2000000023078
1853-04-14T09:00-28.6848.65356.71016.023.9VM8-21475.0030.00NOTOS014000000023079
1853-04-15T09:00-29.4746.022212.31016.023.3VM8-23674.0030.00NO6W30V05000010023080
1853-04-16T09:00-30.2843.273154.61012.625.0VM8-23377.0029.90NNW3000000023081
1853-04-17T09:00-30.6742.423366.71012.624.4VM8-24476.0029.90N4000000023082
1853-04-18T09:00-31.3040.052809.31005.824.4VM8-24576.0029.70NWTW5Z01V05000000023083
1853-04-19T09:00-31.7537.9717912.31012.621.7VM8-24671.0029.90ZZW6Z01V00000000023084
1853-04-20T10:00-31.6836.08644.61022.818.9VM8-26366.0030.20Z, O3Z01000000023085
1853-04-21T10:00-32.0534.783346.71019.421.7VM8-26471.0030.10N4Z01000000023086
1853-04-22T10:00-32.9731.6533112.31019.423.9VM8-29675.0030.10N6000000023087
1853-04-23T10:00-33.7728.853206.71016.024.4VM8-29476.0030.00NTW4V05000000023088
1853-04-24T10:00-34.5226.983624.61009.224.4VM8-30376.0029.80VARIABEL3V05000000023089
1853-04-25T10:00-35.2224.801284.61009.222.8VM8-30373.0029.80W, ZZO3V05000000023090
1853-04-26T10:00-35.0222.67499.31009.222.2VM8-30572.0029.80OTN5000000023091
1853-04-27T11:00-35.5819.9527426.81009.220.0VM8-301068.0029.80NWTW10W20Z01V10010000023092
1853-04-28T11:00-35.7519.172519.31009.220.6VM8-30569.0029.80WTN5W01W20Z02110000023093
1853-04-29T11:00-34.8519.2228526.81002.419.4VM8-301067.0029.60NW10W01W20Z02110000023094
1853-04-30T11:00-35.2218.782406.71005.818.3VM8-30465.0029.70W4Z01000000023095
1853-05-01T11:00-34.5518.182741.01012.618.9VM8-30166.0029.90NWTW1V00000000023096
1853-05-02T11:00-34.3817.9528519.01009.224.4VM8-30876.0029.80NW8Z02V00000000023097
1853-05-03T11:00-34.0317.271746.71016.018.3VM8-29465.0030.00ZZW4Z01V00000000023098
1853-05-04T11:00-32.6515.43846.71019.418.9VM8-29466.0030.10OZO4V00000000023099
1853-05-05T11:00-30.9012.982206.71019.418.3VM8-28465.0030.10WZW4000000023100
1853-05-06T11:00-28.7810.671076.71016.019.4VM8-28467.0030.00ZO4Z01000000023101
1853-05-07T11:00-26.677.751196.71019.420.0VM8-27468.0030.10ZOTZ4000000023102
1853-05-08T12:00-24.885.151096.7VM8-264ZO4000000023103
1853-05-09T12:00-23.402.451214.61016.022.2VM8-25372.0030.00ZOTZ3000000023104
1853-05-10T12:00-22.130.73204.61016.021.7VM8-25371.0030.00NO3000000023105
1853-05-11T12:00-21.520.022454.61016.022.2VM8-25372.0030.00W3000000023106
1853-05-12T12:00-20.97-0.521331.01016.022.8VM8-25173.0030.00ZZO1000000023107
1853-05-13T12:00-20.67-0.982001.01016.022.8VM8-25173.0030.00VARIABEL, ZW1000000023108
1853-05-14T12:00-20.32-1.33884.61016.022.8VM8-25373.0030.00OZO3000000023109
1853-05-15T12:00-19.02-2.37656.71016.022.2VM8-25472.0030.00O4000000023110
1853-05-16T12:00-17.38-4.121124.61016.022.8VM8-23373.0030.00ZO3000000023111
1853-05-17T12:00-16.35-5.00672.61016.023.3VM8-23274.0030.00O2000000023112
1853-05-18T12:00-15.92-5.381016.022.81VM8-2373.0030.00000000023113
1853-05-19T00:001VM8ANKER OP EN ONDER ZEIL000000023114
1853-05-20T12:00-15.78-5.881352.6VM8-232ZZO2000000023115
1853-05-21T12:00-15.10-6.601354.61016.023.3VM8-23374.0030.00ZZO3V01000000023116
1853-05-22T13:00-13.87-7.801144.61016.023.3VM8-21374.0030.00ZO3000000023117
1853-05-23T13:00-12.80-8.931036.71016.023.9VM8-21475.0030.00ZOTO4000000023118
1853-05-24T13:00-11.48-10.501144.61016.024.4VM8-21376.0030.00ZO3000000023119
1853-05-25T13:00-10.23-11.721146.71016.025.6VM8-21478.0030.00ZO4000000023120
1853-05-26T13:00-8.80-13.421164.61016.026.7VM8-19380.0030.00ZO3000000023121
1853-05-27T13:00-7.63-14.93716.71016.026.7VM8-19480.0030.00O4000000023122
1853-05-28T13:00-6.05-16.50826.7982.127.2VM8-19481.0029.00OTZ4000000023123
1853-05-29T13:00-4.55-18.181076.7982.127.2VM8-17481.0029.00ZOTO4000000023124
1853-05-30T13:00-3.10-19.871294.6982.127.8VM8-17382.0029.00ZOTZ3000000023125
1853-05-31T13:00-1.43-21.20726.7982.128.3VM8-18483.0029.00O4000000023126
1853-06-01T13:000.50-22.321176.7982.126.7VM8-18480.0029.00ZO4000000023127
1853-06-02T14:002.37-23.421434.6982.126.7VM8-15380.0029.00ZZO3V10000000023128
1853-06-03T14:003.77-24.32856.71016.027.8VM8-16482.0030.00OTZ4V05000000023129
1853-06-04T14:005.30-24.431424.61016.026.7VM8-16380.0030.00ZZO3000000023130
1853-06-05T14:006.37-24.233226.71016.027.8VM8-16482.0030.00NNW4V00000000023131
1853-06-06T14:006.92-22.983104.61016.026.1VM8-16379.0030.00NWTN3V05, V03000000023132
1853-06-07T14:007.12-22.831646.7982.127.8VM8-16482.0029.00Z4000000023133
1853-06-08T14:007.80-23.050.0982.127.2VM8-1781.0029.00STIL000000023134
1853-06-09T14:008.37-22.803546.7982.126.7VM8-17480.0029.00NTO4V05000000023135
1853-06-10T14:008.93-23.15516.7982.126.1VM8-17479.0029.00ONO4000000023136
1853-06-11T14:0010.10-23.72286.71016.026.7VM8-17480.0030.00NO4V00000000023137
1853-06-12T14:0011.43-25.02284.6982.125.0VM8-17377.0029.00NO3000000023138
1853-06-13T14:0012.67-26.2369.31016.025.0VM8-17577.0030.00NNO5000000023139
1853-06-14T14:0014.13-27.63186.71016.024.4VM8-16476.0030.00NOTN4000000023140
1853-06-15T14:0015.88-28.80299.31016.023.9VM8-16575.0030.00NO5000000023141
1853-06-16T14:0017.97-29.98519.31049.823.3VM8-17574.0031.00ONO5000000023142
1853-06-17T14:0020.13-30.77399.31049.823.9VM8-17575.0031.00NOTO5000000023143
1853-06-18T14:0022.42-31.78289.323.3VM8SLP WAS NOTED AS 32.0, BUT THIS SEEMS TO BE TOO HIGH-17574.00NO5000000023144
1853-06-19T14:0024.23-32.73399.31049.823.3VM8-17574.0031.00NOTO5000000023145
1853-06-20T14:0026.27-33.37514.623.3VM8SLP WAS NOTED AS 32.0, BUT THIS SEEMS TO BE TOO HIGH-17374.00ONO3000000023146
1853-06-21T14:0027.77-33.63716.723.9VM8SLP WAS NOTED AS 32.0, BUT THIS SEEMS TO BE TOO HIGH-19475.00O4000000023147
1853-06-22T14:0028.82-33.82604.624.4VM8SLP WAS NOTED AS 32.0, BUT THIS SEEMS TO BE TOO HIGH-19376.00OTN3V03000000023148
1853-06-23T14:0029.62-34.03152.61022.825.0VM8-19277.0030.20NOTN2000000023149
1853-06-24T14:0030.02-33.901611.01022.825.6VM8-19178.0030.20Z1000000023150
1853-06-25T14:0030.42-33.601391.01022.825.6VM8-19178.0030.20ZZO1000000023151
1853-06-26T14:0031.12-32.902064.61022.825.6VM8-19378.0030.20ZW3000000023152
1853-06-27T14:0031.50-32.322046.71016.025.0VM8-21477.0030.00ZW4000000023153
1853-06-28T14:0032.75-30.653484.61016.024.4VM8-23376.0030.00NTO3V00000000023154
1853-06-29T14:0033.13-29.32226.71019.423.3VM8-23474.0030.10NO4V05000000023155
1853-06-30T14:0033.90-29.82676.71022.822.8VM8-23473.0030.20O4000000023156
1853-07-01T14:0035.12-29.181124.61022.824.4VM8-23376.0030.20ZO3000000023157
1853-07-02T14:0036.40-28.021571.01022.823.9VM8-23175.0030.20Z1000000023158
1853-07-03T14:0037.13-27.271804.61022.825.0VM8-23377.0030.20ZZW3000000023159
1853-07-04T14:0037.53-26.571786.71022.825.0VM8-25477.0030.20ZZW4000000023160
1853-07-05T14:0038.68-25.881896.71019.423.9VM8-25475.0030.10ZWTZ4000000023161
1853-07-06T14:0039.97-23.3832412.31016.022.8VM8-25673.0030.00NTW6Z01000000023162
1853-07-07T13:0040.98-20.933359.31022.821.1VM8-25570.0030.20N5000000023163
1853-07-08T13:0041.65-18.603241.01022.820.0VM8-25168.0030.20NNW, NTW1V05000000023164
1853-07-09T13:0042.65-16.783124.61022.821.1VM8-26370.0030.20NNW3V05000000023165
1853-07-10T13:0043.47-15.102896.71022.821.7VM8-26471.0030.20NW4000000023166
1853-07-11T13:0044.58-13.503124.61022.821.1VM8-26370.0030.20NNW3000000023167
1853-07-12T13:0045.02-12.651546.71016.021.7VM8-26471.0030.00Z4W20Z01V05010000023168
1853-07-13T13:0046.52-9.5723515.41005.821.1VM8-24770.0029.70WTZ7V10000000023169
1853-07-14T12:0048.83-6.502694.6992.319.4VM8-24367.0029.30WNW3V05000000023170
1853-07-15T12:0049.80-3.021909.3999.118.91VM8-24566.0029.50ZWTZ5000000023171
1853-07-16T12:0050.271.2518112.31002.418.31VM8-22665.0029.60ZZW6W20Z01V050100000a trivial correction was made in this observation23172
1853-07-17T12:0052.683.902059.31VM8-205ZW5000000023173