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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AZIA cruise from Nederland to Batavia started at 1852-09-25 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747569, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -4.392174 * Median Longitude: 15.263565 * South-bound Latitude: -38.870000 * West-bound Longitude: -28.830000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.750000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1852-09-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-01-18T05:00:00
Event(s):
Azia_18520925_T_REIS_21A_P192-202 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-09-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-01-18T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Azia, Voyage: Nederland - Batavia, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
17 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18 Present weatherwwWeather description
19 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 CommentComment
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2409 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
17 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
18 
ww
(Weather description)
19 
Precip descr
20 
State sea descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
Comment
31 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1852-09-25T00:001139.31VM85OZO5V00, V01000000022932
1852-09-26T12:0051.752.802511.01009.220.01VM8-19168.0029.80W1V05000000022933
1852-09-27T12:0051.722.68826.71009.218.31VM8-19465.0029.80OTZ4000000022934
1852-09-28T12:0050.530.2022626.81009.218.31VM8-221065.0029.80WZW10000000022935
1852-09-29T12:0050.331.1818122.6988.915.61VM8-22960.0029.20ZZW9W01100000022936
1852-09-30T12:0050.570.501926.71VM8-224ZWTZ4000000022937
1852-10-01T12:0050.12-1.423164.6999.114.41VM8-22358.0029.50WZW, NNW3W20010000022938
1852-10-02T12:0049.18-3.7323522.6999.114.41VM8-24958.0029.50WTZ9Z01V05000000022939
1852-10-03T12:0049.62-4.552129.31009.215.61VM8-24560.0029.80ZWTW5Z01000000022940
1852-10-04T12:0049.45-4.9823526.8992.316.71VM8-241062.0029.30WTZ10STORMWEERZ02000000022941
1852-10-05T12:0049.45-4.3023512.3992.315.01VM8-24659.0029.30WTZ6Z01V00, V01000000022942
1852-10-06T12:0048.27-5.2529119.01005.814.41VM8-24858.0029.70NW80000000a trivial correction was made in this observation22943
1852-10-07T12:0047.47-6.471361.01016.015.0VM8-22159.0030.00ZZO1V05000000022944
1852-10-08T13:0046.13-7.8810012.31005.816.1VM8-24661.0029.70ZOTO6W20V05010000022945
1852-10-09T13:0043.27-10.632126.8999.117.2VM8-241063.0029.50NO10Z02000000022946
1852-10-10T13:0040.67-13.253599.31009.217.2VM8-24563.0029.80NNO5000000022947
1852-10-11T13:0038.38-15.35214.61016.018.3VM8-24365.0030.00NO3000000022948
1852-10-12T13:0036.88-15.621811.01016.019.4VM8-22167.0030.00ZZW1000000022949
1852-10-13T13:0036.42-15.382932.61012.621.7VM8-22271.0029.90NW2V05000000022950
1852-10-14T13:0035.92-15.802714.61012.621.1VM8-22370.0029.90WNW3V00000000022951
1852-10-15T13:0034.83-15.883169.31012.621.1VM8-22570.0029.90NNW5V00000000022952
1852-10-16T13:0032.72-17.4522612.31009.217.8VM8-22664.0029.80WZW6W21V10010000022953
1852-10-17T13:0030.53-17.9024926.8999.120.6VM8-211069.0029.50W10W02100000022954
1852-10-18T13:0029.03-17.902156.71002.421.1VM8-21470.0029.60ZWTW4000000022955
1852-10-19T13:0029.75-18.7020415.41005.821.1VM8-21770.0029.70ZW7000000022956
1852-10-20T13:0029.98-18.721939.31012.622.8VM8-21573.0029.90ZWTZ5V00000000022957
1852-10-21T13:0028.60-18.372494.61016.021.1VM8-21370.0030.00W3000000022958
1852-10-22T13:0027.95-18.373394.61012.623.3VM8-21374.0029.90N3000000022959
1852-10-23T13:0026.82-19.27706.71012.623.9VM8-20475.0029.90O4V05000000022960
1852-10-24T13:0024.72-20.951384.61016.024.4VM8-20376.0030.00ZZO3000000022961
1852-10-25T14:0023.00-22.6311512.31016.024.4VM8-20676.0030.00ZO6V05000000022962
1852-10-26T14:0020.80-24.12956.71012.625.6VM8-18478.0029.90OZO4000000022963
1852-10-27T14:0019.60-25.0351.01012.625.6VM8-18178.0029.90O, NNO1000000022964
1852-10-28T14:0018.52-25.571612.31012.625.6VM8-18678.0029.90O, NOTN6W30000010022965
1852-10-29T14:0016.33-26.875112.31012.626.1VM8-17679.0029.90ONO6W20V10, V05010000022966
1852-10-30T14:0013.57-25.48739.31012.626.7VM8-17580.0029.90O5000000022967
1852-10-31T14:0011.03-24.23626.71012.627.2VM8-17481.0029.90OTN4W30000010022968
1852-11-01T14:009.67-23.53514.61012.626.7VM8-17380.0029.90ONO3DONDERBUI100010022969
1852-11-02T14:007.92-22.80966.71009.227.2VM8-17481.0029.80OZO4W20010000022970
1852-11-03T14:006.68-23.12979.31009.227.2VM8-16581.0029.80ZOTZ, OZO5V10000000022971
1852-11-04T14:005.45-24.021196.71009.225.6VM8-16478.0029.80ZO4000000022972
1852-11-05T14:004.60-24.151649.31009.225.6VM8-16578.0029.80Z5000000022973
1852-11-06T14:004.62-23.101426.71009.226.1VM8-16479.0029.80ZZO4000000022974
1852-11-07T14:003.78-23.001424.61009.226.1VM8-16379.0029.80ZZO3000000022975
1852-11-08T14:002.95-24.151534.61012.626.1VM8-16379.0029.90ZTO3V05000000022976
1852-11-09T14:002.62-23.551084.61012.626.1VM8-16379.0029.90ZOTO3000000022977
1852-11-10T14:000.88-24.531206.71012.625.6VM8-15478.0029.90ZO4000000022978
1852-11-11T14:00-1.10-25.631209.31009.225.6VM8-15578.0029.80ZO5V10000000022979
1852-11-12T14:00-3.15-26.651099.31012.625.6VM8-15578.0029.90ZOTO5000000022980
1852-11-13T14:00-5.60-27.621129.31012.625.0VM8-12577.0029.90ZOTO5Z01000000022981
1852-11-14T14:00-8.20-28.2012412.31012.625.0VM8-11677.0029.90ZO6V10000000022982
1852-11-15T14:00-11.00-28.831026.71012.625.0VM8-11477.0029.90OZO4000000022983
1852-11-16T14:00-13.78-28.27809.31016.025.0VM8-11577.0030.00O5V00000000022984
1852-11-17T14:00-16.83-27.30766.71016.024.4VM8-14476.0030.00O4V05000000022985
1852-11-18T14:00-19.43-26.38666.71016.023.9VM8-13475.0030.00OTN4000000022986
1852-11-19T14:00-21.30-25.35664.61016.023.3VM8-13374.0030.00OTN3000000022987
1852-11-20T14:00-23.03-24.58674.61016.022.8VM8-12373.0030.00OTN3000000022988
1852-11-21T14:00-24.55-23.52446.71049.823.3VM8-12474.0031.00NOTO4000000022989
1852-11-22T13:00-25.83-22.12416.71022.823.3VM8-15474.0030.20NOTO4V00000000022990
1852-11-23T13:00-27.42-20.95984.61022.822.8VM8-15373.0030.20OZO3000000022991
1852-11-24T13:00-29.03-20.87876.71022.822.2VM8-14472.0030.20OTZ4000000022992
1852-11-25T13:00-30.62-20.72991.01022.820.6VM8-14169.0030.20OZO1000000022993
1852-11-26T13:00-31.07-20.501771.01022.820.6VM8-14169.0030.20ZTW1000000022994
1852-11-27T13:00-31.33-19.452676.71019.420.6VM8-14469.0030.10WTN4V04000000022995
1852-11-28T13:00-32.22-16.5717419.01005.820.6VM8-17869.0029.70ZTW8V06000000022996
1852-11-29T13:00-33.13-12.9023222.61009.216.7VM8-16962.0029.80WZW9W01W20Z01V10110000022997
1852-11-30T13:00-34.05-9.121846.71012.615.6VM8-19460.0029.90ZZW4V03000000022998
1852-12-01T12:00-34.63-6.6827112.31016.016.7VM8-22662.0030.00WNW6W20V05010000022999
1852-12-02T12:00-35.53-3.403386.71019.417.2VM8-22463.0030.10N4000000023000
1852-12-03T12:00-36.12-0.882916.71012.618.9VM8-24466.0029.90NW4000000023001
1852-12-04T12:00-36.931.982016.71016.018.3VM8-24465.0030.00ZW4000000023002
1852-12-05T12:00-36.584.272334.61016.018.3VM8-26365.0030.00WTZ3000000023003
1852-12-06T12:00-37.186.172899.31016.017.2VM8-26563.0030.00NW5000000023004
1852-12-07T11:00-37.479.801976.71012.618.3VM8-28465.0029.90ZW4V05000000023005
1852-12-08T11:00-37.6012.3826619.01005.817.2VM8-27863.0029.70N, WNW8W21V05010000023006
1852-12-09T11:00-37.9016.3017412.31002.417.8VM8-29664.0029.60ZZW6000000023007
1852-12-10T11:00-38.3018.77386.71012.616.7VM8-30462.0029.90ONO4V05000000023008
1852-12-11T11:00-38.5021.351051.01012.618.9VM8-30166.0029.90WZW, ZO1000000023009
1852-12-12T10:00-38.8723.5335215.41012.620.6VM8-31769.0029.90NNO7V06000000023010
1852-12-13T10:00-38.8326.8817219.01005.821.1VM8-31870.0029.70ZZW8Z01V10000000023011
1852-12-14T10:00-38.5529.87371.01012.617.2VM8-31163.0029.90ONO1Z01V05000000023012
1852-12-15T10:00-38.2330.671499.31009.218.9VM8-31566.0029.80Z5000000023013
1852-12-16T10:00-37.8234.423074.61005.817.8VM8-31364.0029.70NNW3000000023014
1852-12-17T09:00-38.7037.931959.31005.819.4VM8-30567.0029.70ZW5V03000000023015
1852-12-18T09:00-38.2542.921749.31016.016.7VM8-29562.0030.00ZZW5Z01000000023016
1852-12-19T09:00-38.3247.132419.31016.017.8VM8-29564.0030.00W5Z01V050000000a trivial correction was made in this observation23017
1852-12-20T09:00-38.5251.072424.61012.618.9VM8-28366.0029.90W3V00, V01000000023018
1852-12-21T08:00-38.2855.0316415.41012.618.3VM8-27765.0029.90ZTW7V10000000023019
1852-12-22T08:00-38.0859.481099.31019.415.6VM8-26560.0030.10ZO5V01000000023020
1852-12-23T08:00-37.5361.951206.71022.816.1VM8-26461.0030.20ZOTZ4V00000000023021
1852-12-24T08:00-37.1763.701386.71019.417.8VM8-20464.0030.10ZZO4V05000000023022
1852-12-25T08:00-36.7767.1311512.31019.417.8VM8-20664.0030.10ZO6V05000000023023
1852-12-26T07:00-35.4770.0010512.31019.416.7VM8-19662.0030.10ZOTO6000000023024
1852-12-27T07:00-34.2372.421059.31019.416.1VM8-19561.0030.10ZOTO5V05, V10000000023025
1852-12-28T07:00-33.1875.231069.31019.416.7VM8-18562.0030.10ZOTOS015000000023026
1852-12-29T07:00-32.1378.131009.31019.417.8VM8-13564.0030.10OZO5W00W20V05110000023027
1852-12-30T07:00-30.2880.8710012.31019.420.0VM8-13668.0030.10OZO6000000023028
1852-12-31T06:00-28.5282.521019.31022.821.1VM8-12570.0030.20OZO5V10, V04000000023029
1853-01-01T06:00-26.6584.037112.31019.421.7VM8-8671.0030.10OTN6V00000000023030
1853-01-02T06:00-27.0884.87374.61016.022.2VM8-8372.0030.00NO3000000023031
1853-01-03T06:00-27.6785.752026.71012.622.2VM8-12472.0029.90W, ZWTZ4V10000000023032
1853-01-04T06:00-26.8788.671389.31012.621.7VM8-8571.0029.90ZOTZ5V00000000023033
1853-01-05T06:00-25.0291.621059.31016.021.7VM8-8571.0030.00OZO5V050000000a trivial correction was made in this observation23034
1853-01-06T06:00-22.7893.481069.31012.622.8VM8-7573.0029.90OZO5V10000000023035
1853-01-07T06:00-20.3595.90979.31012.623.3VM8-4574.0029.90OTZ5000000023036
1853-01-08T05:00-17.3897.95776.71012.624.4VM8-2476.0029.90OTN4V00, V01000000023037
1853-01-09T05:00-14.7399.38991.01009.226.1VM8-2179.0029.80OTZ10000000a trivial correction was made in this observation23038
1853-01-10T05:00-13.65100.10881.01009.226.1VM8-2179.0029.80O1V00000000023039
1853-01-11T05:00-12.50100.881354.61009.227.2VM80381.0029.80ZO3000000023040
1853-01-12T05:00-11.20101.781014.61009.227.8VM80382.0029.80OTZ3000000023041
1853-01-13T05:00-10.00102.451584.61012.628.9VM80384.0029.90ZZO3000000023042
1853-01-14T05:00-8.22103.551581.01009.229.4VM80185.0029.80ZZO1H01000000023043
1853-01-15T05:00-7.32103.971361.01009.229.4VM81185.0029.80ZO1000000023044
1853-01-16T05:00-6.95104.321591.01009.230.0VM81186.0029.80ZZO1V03000000023045
1853-01-17T05:00-6.57104.981146.71012.627.8VM81482.0029.90WZW, OZO4000000023046
1853-01-18T05:00-6.10106.862266.71012.626.71VM81480.0029.90ZW4000000023047