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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AZIA cruise from Batavia to the Netherlands started at 1852-02-16 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747568, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.348291 * Median Longitude: 12.778632 * South-bound Latitude: -35.020000 * West-bound Longitude: -39.930000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.800000 * East-bound Longitude: 108.930000
Date/Time Start: 1852-02-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-06-13T12:00:00
Event(s):
Azia_18520216_T_REIS_21C_P211-220 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-02-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-06-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Azia, Voyage: Batavia - Nederland, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
16 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18 Present weatherwwWeather description
19 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
23 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
24 FogFog1 If fog was reported
25 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
26 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27 HailHail1 If hail was reported
28 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2432 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
16 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
17 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
18 
ww
(Weather description)
19 
Precip descr
20 
State sea descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
23 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
24 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
25 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
26 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
27 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
28 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1852-02-16T00:001VM8ONDER ZEIL000000023503
1852-02-17T00:0024815.4VM87WZW7000000023504
1852-02-18T05:00-9.50108.932706.71009.227.2VM80481.0029.80W4000000023505
1852-02-19T05:00-10.35108.451916.71009.227.2VM80481.0029.80ZTW4W00W20110000023506
1852-02-20T05:00-11.42108.6719112.31005.827.2VM80681.0029.70ZTW6000000023507
1852-02-21T05:00-11.60106.051919.31005.827.2VM80581.0029.70ZTW5000000023508
1852-02-22T05:00-12.03103.671589.31009.226.7VM80580.0029.80ZZO5V00, V01000000023509
1852-02-23T05:00-12.80101.501679.31009.226.1VM8-2579.0029.80ZTO5000000023510
1852-02-24T05:00-13.8299.301569.31009.226.1VM8-2579.0029.80ZZO5000000023511
1852-02-25T06:00-14.8796.8815612.31009.226.1VM8-2679.0029.80ZZO6000000023512
1852-02-26T06:00-15.7293.931679.31009.225.6VM8-2578.0029.80ZTO5V04000000023513
1852-02-27T06:00-16.6391.131559.31009.226.1VM8-3579.0029.80ZZO5W00W20V10110000023514
1852-02-28T06:00-17.4888.7716612.31009.226.1VM8-3679.0029.80ZTO6W20V10010000023515
1852-02-29T06:00-18.2885.981639.31012.626.1VM8-6579.0029.90ZTO5V10, V03000000023516
1852-03-01T06:00-19.3583.401529.31012.626.7VM8-6580.0029.90ZZO5000000023517
1852-03-02T07:00-20.2381.071299.31016.026.7VM8-6580.0030.00ZO5000000023518
1852-03-03T07:00-21.1379.221406.71016.027.2VM8-6481.0030.00ZOTZ4000000023519
1852-03-04T07:00-21.6377.721296.71016.027.2VM8-6481.0030.00ZO4000000023520
1852-03-05T07:00-22.2276.0715112.31016.027.2VM8-7681.0030.00ZZO6V10000000023521
1852-03-06T07:00-23.1772.271249.31019.425.6VM8-11578.0030.10ZO5000000023522
1852-03-07T07:00-24.1269.15799.31019.425.6VM8-11578.0030.10O5000000023523
1852-03-08T08:00-24.8566.77679.31016.026.1VM8-12579.0030.00OTN5000000023524
1852-03-09T08:00-25.4764.10566.71019.427.2VM8-12481.0030.10ONO4000000023525
1852-03-10T08:00-26.2261.90436.71019.427.2VM8-13481.0030.10NOTO4V05000000023526
1852-03-11T08:00-26.9860.073134.61016.027.2VM8-13381.0030.00NWTN3V05, V10000000023527
1852-03-12T08:00-27.6358.052986.71016.026.7VM8-17480.0030.00NW4000000023528
1852-03-13T08:00-28.5055.932624.61012.626.7VM8-19380.0029.90WTN3V05, V10000000023529
1852-03-14T08:00-29.1555.173416.71012.626.7VM8-19480.0029.90N4V05000000023530
1852-03-15T08:00-29.4853.232744.61005.826.1VM8-19379.0029.70WNW3Z01V05000000023531
1852-03-16T09:00-30.4852.053054.61005.825.6VM8-21378.0029.70NWTN3Z01V00000000023532
1852-03-17T09:00-30.8251.02694.61012.626.1VM8-21379.0029.90O3V05000000023533
1852-03-18T09:00-30.8250.381706.71012.626.1VM8-21479.0029.90ZTW4Z01000000023534
1852-03-19T09:00-30.6048.4519312.31012.621.1VM8-21670.0029.90ZWTZ6Z01000000023535
1852-03-20T09:00-30.3746.0318015.41012.620.0VM8-23768.0029.90ZZW7Z01000000023536
1852-03-21T09:00-30.2343.951804.61012.620.6VM8-23369.0029.90ZZW3Z01000000023537
1852-03-22T09:00-30.4842.883159.31012.621.7VM8-23571.0029.90NNW5Z01000000023538
1852-03-23T09:00-31.1839.7331412.31009.223.3VM8-24674.0029.80NNW6Z01000000023539
1852-03-24T10:00-31.3037.4519919.01009.221.7VM8-26871.0029.80ZW8Z01000000023540
1852-03-25T10:00-30.5035.60642.61019.421.1VM8-26270.0030.10O2000000023541
1852-03-26T10:00-30.3734.58422.61019.422.2VM8-26272.0030.10ONO2W30V00000010023542
1852-03-27T10:00-31.0332.72989.31016.022.2VM8-26572.0030.00ZOTO5000000023543
1852-03-28T10:00-32.5030.3524315.41009.225.6VM8-27778.0029.80NO, W7V10000000023544
1852-03-29T10:00-34.0228.2512912.31012.621.7VM8-29671.0029.90ZZO6V01000000023545
1852-03-30T10:00-34.7824.886012.31019.421.7VM8-30671.0030.10O6Z01000000023546
1852-03-31T11:00-35.0220.956012.31012.621.7VM8-30671.0029.90O6V05000000023547
1852-04-01T11:00-34.3317.723194.61009.221.7VM8-30371.0029.80NTW3000000023548
1852-04-02T11:00-34.2316.6817412.31009.221.1VM8-29670.0029.80ZZW6W00W20Z01110000023549
1852-04-03T11:00-32.4213.901079.31019.420.6VM8-28569.0030.10ZO5Z01000000023550
1852-04-04T11:00-30.3510.731189.31019.421.7VM8-28571.0030.10ZOTZ5000000023551
1852-04-05T11:00-28.208.351524.61012.621.1VM8-28370.0029.90Z3000000023552
1852-04-06T12:00-26.706.801994.61012.621.1VM8-26370.0029.90ZW3V05000000023553
1852-04-07T12:00-25.605.502674.61012.621.1VM8-26370.0029.90WNW3V00000000023554
1852-04-08T12:00-24.655.482441.01012.621.7VM8-26171.0029.90W1V05000000023555
1852-04-09T12:00-24.385.481322.61016.021.7VM8-26271.0030.00ZZO2V05, V10000000023556
1852-04-10T12:00-23.604.281094.61016.022.2VM8-26372.0030.00ZO3000000023557
1852-04-11T12:00-22.553.109812.31016.022.2VM8-26672.0030.00ZOTO6V00000000023558
1852-04-12T12:00-21.330.48994.61016.022.2VM8-25372.0030.00ZOTO3000000023559
1852-04-13T12:00-20.10-1.181104.61016.022.2VM8-25372.0030.00ZO3000000023560
1852-04-14T12:00-18.88-2.731014.61016.022.2VM8-23372.0030.00ZOTO3000000023561
1852-04-15T12:00-17.42-4.301129.31016.022.8VM8-23573.0030.00ZO5000000023562
1852-04-16T12:00-15.67-6.301129.31016.022.8VM8-23573.0030.00ZO5V05000000023563
1852-04-17T13:00-13.88-8.181149.31012.623.3VM8-21574.0029.90ZO5000000023564
1852-04-18T13:00-11.95-9.781039.31012.626.1VM8-21579.0029.90ZOTO5000000023565
1852-04-19T13:00-9.95-12.281149.31012.626.7VM8-21580.0029.90ZO5V00000000023566
1852-04-20T13:00-8.27-14.221164.61012.627.2VM8-19381.0029.90ZO3V00000000023567
1852-04-21T13:00-6.35-15.83494.61009.227.2VM8-19381.0029.80ZO, ONO3W20V10010000023568
1852-04-22T13:00-4.28-17.021274.61009.227.2VM8-19381.0029.80ZOTZ3000000023569
1852-04-23T13:00-3.05-17.92511.01009.227.2VM8-17181.0029.80ZO, ONO1000000023570
1852-04-24T13:00-2.40-18.721636.71009.227.8VM8-17482.0029.80Z4W20V05, V10010000023571
1852-04-25T13:00-1.10-18.872084.61009.227.2VM8-17381.0029.80ZO, ZW3W20V05010000023572
1852-04-26T13:00-0.32-19.302084.61009.227.8VM8-17382.0029.80ZW3W20010000023573
1852-04-27T13:000.12-19.720.01009.227.2VM8-1781.0029.80STIL000000023574
1852-04-28T13:000.77-20.25966.71012.627.8VM8-17482.0029.90OZO4V10000000023575
1852-04-29T13:002.18-20.2526412.31009.227.2VM8-17681.0029.80WTN6W20010000023576
1852-04-30T13:004.37-19.932074.61012.626.7VM8-18380.0029.90ZW3000000023577
1852-05-01T13:004.92-19.50502.61012.627.2VM8-18281.0029.90ONO2V00000000023578
1852-05-02T13:005.32-19.6252.61012.628.3VM8-18283.0029.90NNO2V00000000023579
1852-05-03T13:005.77-20.123314.61012.627.8VM8-18382.0029.90NTW3000000023580
1852-05-04T13:006.05-21.353429.31012.627.2VM8-18581.0029.90N5000000023581
1852-05-05T14:005.93-23.28189.31012.626.7VM8-16580.0029.90NOTN5000000023582
1852-05-06T14:006.98-24.901812.31012.626.7VM8-16680.0029.90NOTN6V10000000023583
1852-05-07T14:008.62-26.67289.31012.626.1VM8-17579.0029.90NO5000000023584
1852-05-08T14:0010.50-28.433112.31012.626.1VM8-14679.0029.90NO6Z01000000023585
1852-05-09T14:0012.55-29.774112.31012.626.1VM8-15679.0029.90NOTO6000000023586
1852-05-10T14:0014.50-31.23419.31012.626.1VM8-15579.0029.90NOTO5Z01000000023587
1852-05-11T14:0016.80-32.724312.31016.025.6VM8-13678.0030.00NOTO6000000023588
1852-05-12T14:0019.13-33.52539.31016.025.6VM8-15578.0030.00ONO5V10000000023589
1852-05-13T14:0021.15-34.33309.31016.025.6VM8-15578.0030.00NO5V00000000023590
1852-05-14T14:0022.87-35.70399.31019.425.0VM8-17577.0030.10NOTO5000000023591
1852-05-15T14:0025.10-36.67289.31016.022.8VM8-17573.0030.00NO5000000023592
1852-05-16T15:0026.75-37.90316.71019.422.8VM8-14473.0030.10NO4000000023593
1852-05-17T15:0028.47-39.03519.31022.822.2VM8-17572.0030.20ONO5000000023594
1852-05-18T15:0030.40-39.47519.31026.121.7VM8-17571.0030.30ONO5000000023595
1852-05-19T15:0031.95-39.93281.01022.822.2VM8-17172.0030.20NO1000000023596
1852-05-20T15:0032.43-39.933436.71022.822.2VM8-17472.0030.20N4W20V10010000023597
1852-05-21T15:0032.72-37.72249.31016.020.0VM8-21568.0030.00NO5000000023598
1852-05-22T15:0033.75-38.42134.61019.421.1VM8-21370.0030.10NOTN3000000023599
1852-05-23T15:0034.78-39.07694.61019.421.1VM8-21370.0030.10NO, O3000000023600
1852-05-24T15:0034.92-39.172942.61019.421.1VM8-21270.0030.10NW2000000023601
1852-05-25T15:0033.45-38.203391.01019.421.1VM8-21170.0030.10N1000000023602
1852-05-26T14:0035.77-37.38684.61019.421.1VM8-22370.0030.10NNW, O3V01, V00000000023603
1852-05-27T14:0036.58-37.12684.61019.422.2VM8-22372.0030.10O3V00000000023604
1852-05-28T14:0036.93-37.301134.61022.822.8VM8-22373.0030.20ZO3000000023605
1852-05-29T14:0037.62-35.701449.31019.422.2VM8-25572.0030.10ZTO5000000023606
1852-05-30T14:0038.73-33.501104.61019.421.7VM8-25371.0030.10ZO3000000023607
1852-05-31T14:0039.97-31.721329.31019.421.1VM8-26570.0030.10ZZO5000000023608
1852-06-01T14:0041.08-28.671999.31019.421.7VM8-26571.0030.10ZW5000000023609
1852-06-02T14:0041.90-25.983136.71019.420.0VM8-25468.0030.10NNW4000000023610
1852-06-03T14:0042.68-23.572209.31016.020.0VM8-28568.0030.00WZW5V05000000023611
1852-06-04T13:0043.72-20.272546.71009.218.9VM8-27466.0029.80WTN4V05000000023612
1852-06-05T13:0044.90-17.201772.61009.217.8VM8-26264.0029.80W, ZZW2V05000000023613
1852-06-06T13:0045.80-15.0026719.0999.117.8VM8-26864.0029.50WNW8W00Z01100000023614
1852-06-07T13:0046.98-10.2531419.0995.716.1VM8-24861.0029.40NNW8W01Z01100000023615
1852-06-08T13:0046.93-8.72329.3992.315.6VM8-24560.0029.30NOTO5000000023616
1852-06-09T13:0048.33-8.453009.3999.115.6VM8-26560.0029.50NWTN5V05000000023617
1852-06-10T12:0049.62-5.853024.61002.415.6VM8-24360.0029.60NWTN3V03000000023618
1852-06-11T12:0050.13-3.272699.3995.718.91VM8-24566.0029.40WNW5000000023619
1852-06-12T12:0050.620.402144.6982.114.41VM8-22358.0029.00ZWTW3000000023620
1852-06-13T12:0051.802.931VM8-19000000023621