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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AZIA cruise from Nederland to Batavia started at 1851-08-18 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747567, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -8.808319 * Median Longitude: 18.672832 * South-bound Latitude: -40.430000 * West-bound Longitude: -31.220000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.500000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1851-08-18T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-12-12T05:00:00
Event(s):
Azia_18510818_T_REIS_21C_P211-220 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1851-08-18T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-12-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Azia, Voyage: Nederland - Batavia, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
14 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
15 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
18 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
20 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
21 Present weatherwwWeather description
22 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
23 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
24 Cloud typeCloud type
25 ClearnessClearness
26 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
27 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
28 FogFog1 If fog was reported
29 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
30 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
31 HailHail1 If hail was reported
32 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
33 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2377 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
11 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
12 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
13 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
14 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
15 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
18 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
19 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
20 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
21 
ww
(Weather description)
22 
Precip descr
23 
State sea descr
24 
Cloud type
25 
Clearness
26 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
27 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
28 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
29 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
30 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
31 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
32 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
33 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1851-08-18T00:001VM8ONDER ZEIL000000023386
1851-08-19T00:001800.01VM81ZSTILV00000000023387
1851-08-20T12:0052.503.221834.61022.818.31VM8-20365.0030.20ZZW3V03000000023388
1851-08-21T12:0051.982.102039.31016.018.91VM8-22566.0030.00ZW5V00000000023389
1851-08-22T12:0051.352.1320312.31012.620.01VM8-22668.0029.90ZW6H10000000023390
1851-08-23T12:0051.031.622269.31009.220.01VM8-22568.0029.80WZW5W30V00000010023391
1851-08-24T00:0050.5327019.018.91VM8866.00W8Z01000000023392
1851-08-25T12:0050.12-0.872379.31016.017.81VM8-22564.0030.00WTZ5V05000000023393
1851-08-26T12:0050.15-2.1220326.81016.016.71VM8-221062.0030.00ZW10000000023394
1851-08-27T12:0049.80-1.6719219.01019.416.71VM8-22862.0030.10ZWTZ8W20V13010000023395
1851-08-28T12:0049.87-2.572809.31005.817.21VM8-24563.0029.70NWTW5Z01000000023396
1851-08-29T12:0049.78-3.523369.31002.415.61VM8-24560.0029.60N5Z01000000023397
1851-08-30T12:0048.18-6.80664.61022.817.2VM8-24363.0030.20N, O3V05000000023398
1851-08-31T13:0046.95-7.851114.61026.118.3VM8-24365.0030.30ZO3000000023399
1851-09-01T13:0045.15-10.082112.31026.119.4VM8-24667.0030.30NO6V05000000023400
1851-09-02T13:0042.00-12.273389.31016.021.1VM8-22570.0030.00N5000000023401
1851-09-03T13:0039.72-13.482919.31009.221.1VM8-24570.0029.80NW5000000023402
1851-09-04T13:0036.77-15.182939.31009.222.2VM8-22572.0029.80NW5V00000000023403
1851-09-05T13:0034.25-16.422141012.622.8VM8-2273.0029.90ZWTW000000023404
1851-09-06T13:0033.72-16.331364.61016.023.9VM8-22375.0030.00ZZO3000000023405
1851-09-07T13:0033.00-17.4714.61022.821.7VM8-22371.0030.20NNO3000000023406
1851-09-08T13:0031.68-18.203394.61019.424.4VM8-21376.0030.10N3000000023407
1851-09-09T13:0029.58-19.472949.31016.024.4VM8-21576.0030.00NW5000000023408
1851-09-10T13:0027.68-20.432834.61009.225.0VM8-21377.0029.80NWTW3V00000000023409
1851-09-11T13:0026.18-21.182734.61009.225.0VM8-20377.0029.80WNW3000000023410
1851-09-12T13:0025.37-21.673621.01012.625.6VM8-20178.0029.90VARIABEL1000000023411
1851-09-13T13:0024.70-21.9736.71016.026.7VM8-20480.0030.00NNO4000000023412
1851-09-14T14:0022.90-22.83259.31016.026.7VM8-20580.0030.00NO5V05000000023413
1851-09-15T14:0020.27-24.48169.31016.026.7VM8-18580.0030.00NOTN5000000023414
1851-09-16T14:0017.65-26.17726.71016.027.2VM8-18481.0030.00O4W30000010023415
1851-09-17T14:0015.53-25.55284.6995.727.2VM8-17381.0029.40NO3H01000000023416
1851-09-18T14:0013.75-24.95736.71012.627.8VM8-17482.0029.90O4V00000000023417
1851-09-19T14:0011.72-24.171989.31009.227.8VM8-16582.0029.80ZZO, ZWTZ5W30000010023418
1851-09-20T14:0010.13-23.873224.61012.627.8VM8-16382.0029.90NNWS013000000023419
1851-09-21T14:008.85-23.332096.71012.627.8VM8-16482.0029.90ZW4000000023420
1851-09-22T13:007.27-22.381966.71009.225.6VM8-18478.0029.80ZWTZ4000000023421
1851-09-23T13:006.13-20.251969.31012.626.7VM8-18580.0029.90ZWTZ5H00000000023422
1851-09-24T13:004.80-18.071734.61012.626.7VM8-18380.0029.90ZTW3000000023423
1851-09-25T13:003.48-18.271736.71012.626.7VM8-18480.0029.90ZTW4000000023424
1851-09-26T13:003.05-18.181629.31012.626.7VM8-18580.0029.90Z5V05000000023425
1851-09-27T13:002.02-19.331419.31012.625.6VM8-17578.0029.90ZZO5000000023426
1851-09-28T13:000.13-21.6012912.31012.625.0VM8-17677.0029.90ZOTZ6V05000000023427
1851-09-29T14:00-2.17-23.401209.31012.625.0VM8-15577.0029.90ZO5000000023428
1851-09-30T14:00-4.58-25.221209.31012.625.6VM8-15578.0029.90ZO5000000023429
1851-10-01T14:00-7.40-26.5210912.31016.025.6VM8-15678.0030.00ZOTO6000000023430
1851-10-02T14:00-10.13-27.471109.31012.625.0VM8-14577.0029.90OTN, ZOTO5W20010000023431
1851-10-03T14:00-13.02-28.0811412.31016.024.4VM8-10676.0030.00ZOTO6000000023432
1851-10-04T14:00-15.90-29.251369.31016.024.4VM8-10576.0030.00ZOTZ5000000023433
1851-10-05T14:00-18.52-30.601039.31016.022.2VM8-10572.0030.00OZO5V10000000023434
1851-10-06T14:00-21.47-31.228012.31022.821.1VM8-10670.0030.20O6Z01000000023435
1851-10-07T14:00-23.87-30.45599.31016.020.6VM8-9569.0030.00ONO5V05, V10000000023436
1851-10-08T14:00-25.88-28.72479.31022.821.1VM8-9570.0030.20NOTO5000000023437
1851-10-09T14:00-27.50-26.782822.61022.821.7VM8-11271.0030.20WNW2000000023438
1851-10-10T14:00-27.68-26.101471.01022.821.1VM8-11170.0030.20ZZO1000000023439
1851-10-11T14:00-27.88-25.80344.61019.421.7VM8-11371.0030.10NO3000000023440
1851-10-12T14:00-28.53-24.83454.61019.420.0VM8-11368.0030.10NOTO3000000023441
1851-10-13T14:00-29.47-23.00239.31019.420.0VM8-11568.0030.10NOTN5000000023442
1851-10-14T13:00-30.40-20.22209.31019.420.6VM8-14569.0030.10NOTN5000000023443
1851-10-15T13:00-31.55-16.6369.31019.420.0VM8-17568.0030.10NNO5000000023444
1851-10-16T13:00-32.22-13.97179.31022.818.9VM8-17566.0030.20NOTN5000000023445
1851-10-17T13:00-33.52-10.40264.61026.117.8VM8-19364.0030.30NO3000000023446
1851-10-18T13:00-34.60-8.07269.31026.117.8VM8-19564.0030.30NO5V05000000023447
1851-10-19T12:00-35.80-4.82129.31026.115.6VM8-22560.0030.30NOTN5V00000000023448
1851-10-20T12:00-36.30-2.203254.61022.817.8VM8-24364.0030.20NTW3000000023449
1851-10-21T12:00-36.500.481344.6VM8-243ZZO3000000023450
1851-10-22T12:00-36.133.231324.61022.815.0VM8-26359.0030.20ZZO3V06000000023451
1851-10-23T12:00-35.926.3314312.31026.114.4VM8-26658.0030.30ZTO6000000023452
1851-10-24T11:00-36.159.8714119.01026.114.4VM8-28858.0030.30ZTO8000000023453
1851-10-25T11:00-35.6712.5311719.01026.113.9VM8-29857.0030.30ZOTZ8W01100000023454
1851-10-26T11:00-34.7314.8212919.01026.115.0VM8-29859.0030.30ZZO8Z01000000023455
1851-10-27T11:00-34.2716.009526.81026.117.2VM8-291063.0030.30ZOTO10Z02000000023456
1851-10-28T11:00-35.1814.859526.81016.017.8VM8-291064.0030.00ZOTO10Z02000000023457
1851-10-29T11:00-35.2514.281179.31012.617.2VM8-29563.0029.90ZOTZ5Z01000000023458
1851-10-30T11:00-36.0013.671294.61016.016.1VM8-29361.0030.00ZZO3Z01000000023459
1851-10-31T11:00-35.9014.52611.01016.017.8VM8-29164.0030.00O1000000023460
1851-11-01T11:00-36.5815.821969.31009.217.8VM8-29564.0029.80VARIABEL, ZW5W00W20110000023461
1851-11-02T11:00-37.2718.7721812.31005.817.2VM8-30663.0029.70WZW6V10000000023462
1851-11-03T11:00-38.3522.2517315.41012.616.7VM8-30762.0029.90ZZW7W00100000023463
1851-11-04T10:00-38.7025.401606.71016.017.2VM8-31463.0030.00ZTW4000000023464
1851-11-05T10:00-39.0828.751606.71012.616.7VM8-31462.0029.90ZTW4000000023465
1851-11-06T10:00-39.4032.521942.61016.015.6VM8-31260.0030.00ZZO, ZW2000000023466
1851-11-07T10:00-39.8533.9534019.01016.016.7VM8-31862.0030.00NTO8Z01V05000000023467
1851-11-08T10:00-40.4336.5023919.0992.315.0VM8-31859.0029.30W8Z01000000023468
1851-11-09T09:00-40.3040.682966.71005.814.4VM8-30458.0029.70NWTN4000000023469
1851-11-10T09:00-40.1745.403319.31012.617.2VM8-29563.0029.90N5000000023470
1851-11-11T09:00-39.7747.971189.31016.016.7VM8-28562.0030.00ZOTZ5000000023471
1851-11-12T08:00-38.8553.653446.71016.015.0VM8-27459.0030.00ONO, NTO4000000023472
1851-11-13T08:00-38.6056.402664.61019.417.2VM8-27363.0030.10WNW3000000023473
1851-11-14T08:00-38.4360.2817712.31012.617.8VM8-26664.0029.90ZZW6Z01000000023474
1851-11-15T08:00-38.1865.221559.31019.415.0VM8-25559.0030.10Z5000000023475
1851-11-16T07:00-38.1869.1724612.31019.415.6VM8-24660.0030.10W6000000023476
1851-11-17T07:00-38.1073.581019.31012.615.6VM8-23560.0029.90ZOTO5W20V05010000023477
1851-11-18T07:00-38.0777.182259.31019.415.0VM8-23559.0030.10WZW5V00000000023478
1851-11-19T07:00-37.1281.252429.31016.016.1VM8-17561.0030.00WTZ5W20V05010000023479
1851-11-20T06:00-35.6384.552204.61016.016.7VM8-16362.0030.00ZWTW3000000023480
1851-11-21T06:00-34.2886.632324.61019.417.8VM8-16364.0030.10NW, WZW3000000023481
1851-11-22T06:00-33.0388.132666.71019.417.8VM8-15464.0030.10WTN4000000023482
1851-11-23T06:00-32.1289.672594.61019.417.8VM8-11364.0030.10W3000000023483
1851-11-24T06:00-31.0891.801024.61019.418.9VM8-11366.0030.10OZO3000000023484
1851-11-25T06:00-30.4892.5514.61019.419.4VM8-10367.0030.10NTO3000000023485
1851-11-26T06:00-30.2894.7519.31012.620.0VM8-10568.0029.90NTO5V05000000023486
1851-11-27T06:00-29.9896.8735015.41009.219.4VM8-10767.0029.80N7V00000000023487
1851-11-28T05:00-30.18100.322849.31005.819.4VM8-9567.0029.70WNW5Z01000000023488
1851-11-29T05:00-28.03101.131494.61012.620.6VM8-9369.0029.90ZZO3V00, V01000000023489
1851-11-30T05:00-26.35101.521294.61016.021.7VM8-6371.0030.00ZO3000000023490
1851-12-01T05:00-24.27101.921079.31012.621.7VM8-6571.0029.90OZO5000000023491
1851-12-02T05:00-20.97102.1710912.31012.622.2VM8-4672.0029.90OZO6000000023492
1851-12-03T05:00-17.33102.601009.31009.223.3VM8-1574.0029.80OTZ5000000023493
1851-12-04T05:00-14.02102.872212.31009.225.0VM8-1677.0029.80NNO6V05, V10000000023494
1851-12-05T05:00-12.28102.337912.31009.225.0VM80677.0029.80NO, OTN6V03000000023495
1851-12-06T05:00-10.73102.009012.31009.226.1VM80679.0029.80O6000000023496
1851-12-07T05:00-8.78102.622251.01009.225.0VM80177.0029.80ZW1Z01000000023497
1851-12-08T05:00-8.52102.771804.61009.227.8VM80382.0029.80NW, Z3V03000000023498
1851-12-09T05:00-7.75103.632254.61009.227.2VM80381.0029.80ZW3W20V04010000023499
1851-12-10T05:00-6.82104.681149.31009.227.8VM81582.0029.80OZO5000000023500
1851-12-11T00:00-6.283624.6DWARS IN DEN WEGNO1/2O1VM83VARIABEL3000000023501
1851-12-12T05:00-6.10106.8611000000023502