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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AURORA cruise from Texel to Batavia started at 1836-04-06 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747565, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -9.059479 * Median Longitude: 12.611146 * South-bound Latitude: -39.920000 * West-bound Longitude: -28.620000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.600000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.420000
Date/Time Start: 1836-04-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1836-07-10T05:00:00
Event(s):
Aurora_18360406_C_REIS_16_P198-209 * Latitude Start: 53.090000 * Longitude Start: 4.670000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1836-04-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1836-07-10T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Aurora (Fregat), Voyage: Texel - Batavia, 1st Observer: J.A. de Maas (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
12 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
13 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
14 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
15 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
18 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20 Present weatherwwWeather description
21 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
23 Cloud typeCloud type
24 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
25 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
26 FogFog1 If fog was reported
27 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
28 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
29 HailHail1 If hail was reported
30 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
31 CommentComment
32 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1887 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
12 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
13 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
14 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
15 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
18 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
19 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
20 
ww
(Weather description)
21 
Precip descr
22 
State sea descr
23 
Cloud type
24 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
25 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
26 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
27 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
28 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
29 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
30 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
31 
Comment
32 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1836-04-06T12:0050.420.971352.61VM8-232ZZO2000000022537
1836-04-07T12:0050.420.032254.61VM8-233WZW3000000022538
1836-04-08T12:0050.60-0.1315715.41VM8-237Z7000000022539
1836-04-09T12:0050.25-0.121802.6986.211.11VM8-23252.0029.12ZZW2000000022540
1836-04-10T12:0049.95-1.70454.6992.311.71VM8-23353.0029.30ONO3000000022541
1836-04-11T12:0049.70-4.102004.6999.112.21VM8-25354.0029.50ZW3000000022542
1836-04-12T12:0049.92-3.972456.71002.412.81VM8-25455.0029.60W4000000022543
1836-04-13T12:0049.43-4.9726812.31005.812.2EDDYSTONEO31VM8-25654.0029.70WNW60000000a trivial correction was made in this observation22544
1836-04-14T12:0048.70-5.9326812.31012.613.3VM8-25656.0029.90WNW6000000022545
1836-04-15T12:0047.62-6.983584.61012.614.4VM8-25358.0029.90NNO3000000022546
1836-04-16T13:0045.37-8.552012.31014.315.0VM8-25659.0029.95NO6000000022547
1836-04-17T13:0042.53-11.35209.31016.0VM8-25530.00NO5000000022548
1836-04-18T13:0042.53-13.53199.31016.0VM8-26530.00NO5000000022549
1836-04-19T13:0039.48-14.93229.31016.015.6VM8-23560.0030.00NO5000000022550
1836-04-20T13:0036.83-17.17236.71009.216.1VM8-22461.0029.80NO4000000022551
1836-04-21T13:0033.77-17.83466.71012.617.2VM8-22463.0029.90ONO4000000022552
1836-04-22T13:0031.43-17.58704.61012.6VM8-20329.90O3000000022553
1836-04-23T13:0028.78-18.30706.71012.619.4VM8-20467.0029.90O4000000022554
1836-04-24T13:0026.73-19.15716.71012.621.1VM8-19470.0029.90O4000000022555
1836-04-25T13:0024.60-19.952969.31009.222.2VM8-19572.0029.80NW5000000022556
1836-04-26T13:0022.27-21.573426.71010.922.8VM8-18473.0029.85N4000000022557
1836-04-27T14:0020.00-23.57286.71010.923.3VM8-17474.0029.85NO4000000022558
1836-04-28T14:0017.58-24.25284.61010.923.3VM8-17374.0029.85NO3000000022559
1836-04-29T14:0015.50-25.16524.61010.923.9VM8-16375.0029.85ONO3000000022560
1836-04-30T14:0013.13-24.17529.31010.9BRAVA (04.30Z)VM8-16529.85ONO5000000022561
1836-05-01T14:0010.32-22.87309.31009.2VM8-15529.80NO5000000022562
1836-05-02T13:007.75-22.45284.61009.225.6VM8-17378.0029.80NO3000000022563
1836-05-03T13:005.58-21.88741.01007.527.8VM8-16182.0029.75O1000000022564
1836-05-04T13:004.75-21.8074.628.9VM8-16384.00NNO3000000022565
1836-05-05T13:004.22-21.732326.7VM8-164WZW4DONDERBUIEN000010022566
1836-05-06T13:004.07-21.3852VM8-16ONO000000022567
1836-05-07T13:003.53-19.94292.61009.228.3VM8-16283.0029.80NO2000000022568
1836-05-08T13:002.75-20.291194.61007.528.9VM8-16384.0029.75ZO3000000022569
1836-05-09T13:000.97-20.46976.71011.628.9VM8-16484.0029.87OZO4000000022570
1836-05-10T13:00-1.15-21.721196.71007.528.9VM8-16484.0029.75ZO4000000022571
1836-05-11T14:00-2.93-22.971226.71007.528.9VM8-13484.0029.75ZO4000000022572
1836-05-12T14:00-5.20-25.001009.31007.528.9VM8-13584.0029.75OZO5000000022573
1836-05-13T14:00-7.60-25.801019.31007.528.9VM8-12584.0029.75OZO5000000022574
1836-05-14T14:00-10.17-27.131239.31007.528.9VM8-12584.0029.75ZO5000000022575
1836-05-15T14:00-12.30-28.231046.71009.227.8VM8-9482.0029.80OZO4000000022576
1836-05-16T14:00-14.33-28.62826.71009.228.9VM8-8484.0029.80O4000000022577
1836-05-17T14:00-16.27-27.95824.627.8VM8-8382.00O3000000022578
1836-05-18T14:00-18.00-27.67606.71012.626.7VM8-8480.0029.90ONO4000000022579
1836-05-19T14:00-20.60-26.60129.31012.626.7VM8-11580.0029.90NNO5000000022580
1836-05-20T14:00-22.23-24.383496.71010.926.7VM8-11480.0029.85N4000000022581
1836-05-21T14:00-22.70-23.201256.71012.625.6VM8-10478.0029.90ZO4000000022582
1836-05-22T13:00-21.35-21.151219.31014.325.6VM8-14578.0029.95ZO5000000022583
1836-05-23T13:00-22.85-21.02559.31014.3VM8-13529.95ONO5000000022584
1836-05-24T13:00-24.38-18.803029.31014.324.4VM8-13576.0029.95NW5000000022585
1836-05-25T13:00-25.88-15.932549.31007.524.4VM8-16576.0029.75W5000000022586
1836-05-26T13:00-27.55-13.5227812.31004.123.3VM8-15674.0029.65WNW6HOGE ZEE UIT HET WESTEN000000022587
1836-05-27T13:00-29.42-10.4818512.31004.121.7VM8-18671.0029.65ZZW6000000022588
1836-05-28T13:00-30.15-7.901404.61014.320.0VM8-18368.0029.95ZZO3000000022589
1836-05-29T12:00-30.33-7.481144.61019.420.6VM8-21369.0030.10ZO3000000022590
1836-05-30T12:00-30.88-7.351141.01017.720.0VM8-21168.0030.05ZO1000000022591
1836-05-31T12:00-31.20-6.533396.71017.720.6VM8-21469.0030.05N4000000022592
1836-06-01T12:00-32.47-3.523179.31019.420.6VM8-21569.0030.10NNW5000000022593
1836-06-02T12:00-33.58-0.65112.31017.720.0VM8-22668.0030.05NNO6000000022594
1836-06-03T12:00-34.822.703599.31013.619.4VM8-24567.0029.93NNO5000000022595
1836-06-04T12:00-36.034.633599.31013.619.4VM8-24567.0029.93NNO5000000022596
1836-06-05T11:00-36.538.252896.71010.918.3VM8-26465.0029.85NW4000000022597
1836-06-06T11:00-37.1511.8333412.31010.917.8VM8-26664.0029.85N6000000022598
1836-06-07T11:00-37.6516.2022012.31007.517.8VM8-28664.0029.75WZW6000000022599
1836-06-08T11:00-37.8719.801969.31010.916.7VM8-29562.0029.85ZW5000000022600
1836-06-09T11:00-38.2521.7524112.31011.218.3VM8-29665.0029.86W6ZWARE BUIENHOGE ZEEDIKKE LUCHT100000022601
1836-06-10T10:00-37.5225.322406.71004.118.3VM8-30465.0029.65W4000000022602
1836-06-11T10:00-37.4528.5824112.31009.217.8VM8-29664.0029.80W6000000022603
1836-06-12T10:00-37.7731.0530819.01005.817.8VM8-30864.0029.70NNW8000000022604
1836-06-13T10:00-38.0534.7524022.6995.018.9VM8-31966.0029.38W9VLIEGENDE BUIEN VAN WIND EN REGENZ01, HOGE ZEE.110000022605
1836-06-14T09:00-38.5838.9019519.0998.418.9VM8-30866.0029.48ZW8VLIEGENDE BUIEN VAN WIND EN REGENZ01, HOGE ZEE.110000022606
1836-06-15T09:00-38.5041.6733012.31007.218.3VM8-30665.0029.74N6W30, WEERLICHT000010022607
1836-06-16T09:00-38.7244.683542.61012.618.3VM8-29265.0029.90NNO2000000022608
1836-06-17T09:00-39.0547.7830915.41008.518.3VM8-29765.0029.78NNW7000000022609
1836-06-18T09:00-39.1352.2019622.6999.119.4VM8-29967.0029.50ZW9WIND MET BUIEN100000022610
1836-06-19T08:00-39.5354.03-27000000022611
1836-06-20T08:00-39.9255.8715319.01011.613.3VM8-27856.0029.87Z8000000022612
1836-06-21T08:00-38.1557.486330.91012.614.4VM8-271158.0029.90O11W02, STORM WEDER, ZWARE BUIEN, WINDW21, REGEN110000022613
1836-06-22T08:00-37.5257.48631011.618.3VM8-2765.0029.87O000000022614
1836-06-23T08:00-37.6258.801546.71012.618.3VM8-26465.0029.90Z4000000022615
1836-06-24T08:00-37.9259.7828915.41009.216.7VM8-26762.0029.80NW7000000022616
1836-06-25T08:00-38.4062.621559.31005.116.1VM8-25561.0029.68Z5000000022617
1836-06-26T08:00-38.5766.981556.71009.215.6VM8-25460.0029.80Z4W02, W30, ZWARE DONDERBUIEN, WEERLICHTW21, REGEN110010022618
1836-06-27T07:00-38.9769.702699.31008.516.1VM8-24561.0029.78WNW5000000022619
1836-06-28T07:00-39.0272.7718012.3995.716.7VM8-23662.0029.40ZZW6W02, SCHIETENDE WIND, ZWARE BUIEN UIT HET ZZW.100000022620
1836-06-29T07:00-38.5075.552929.31002.416.7VM8-23562.0029.60NW5000000022621
1836-06-30T07:00-37.9378.2531715.41004.116.1VM8-21761.0029.65NNW7000000022622
1836-07-01T06:00-37.1282.6332319.01007.516.7VM8-15862.0029.75NNW8000000022623
1836-07-02T06:00-36.4286.782789.31006.517.2VM8-15563.0029.72WNW5000000022624
1836-07-03T06:00-35.3090.472119.31015.316.7VM8-14562.0029.98ZW5000000022625
1836-07-04T06:00-33.3892.651906.71017.716.7VM8-13462.0030.05ZZW4000000022626
1836-07-05T06:00-31.5394.0714912.31018.717.2VM8-9663.0030.08ZZO6000000022627
1836-07-06T06:00-29.2295.1510415.41019.418.3VM8-9765.0030.10OZO7000000022628
1836-07-07T05:00-26.15101.3710712.31017.721.7VM8-6671.0030.05OZO6000000022629
1836-07-08T05:00-23.27102.47849.31015.322.2VM8-6572.0029.98O5000000022630
1836-07-09T05:00-21.03102.621106.71016.022.8VM8-3473.0030.00OZO4000000022631
1836-07-10T05:00-19.13103.42VM8-3000000022632