García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ASSISTANCE cruise from Madeira to St. Helena started at 1762-04-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747523, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Published: 2010-10-25 • DOI registered: 2010-11-22
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -11.940200 * Median Longitude: -16.085800 * South-bound Latitude: -28.130000 * West-bound Longitude: -23.720000 * North-bound Latitude: 7.320000 * East-bound Longitude: 0.470000
Date/Time Start: 1762-04-01T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1762-05-20T12:00:00
Event(s):
Assistance_17620401_NMM_ADM/L/A209 * Latitude Start: 32.130000 * Longitude Start: -16.570000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1762-04-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1762-05-20T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Assistance (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madeira - St Helena, 1st Observer: William Norton (Captain), 2nd Observer: John Ides Short (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 1052BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 15 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 16 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 17 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 18 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 19 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 20 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 21 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 22 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 23 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 24 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 25 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 26 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 27 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 28 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
938 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 15 V descr | 16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 17 ww (Weather description) | 18 Precip descr | 19 State sea descr | 20 Clearness | 21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 22 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 23 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 24 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 25 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 26 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 27 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1762-04-01T13:00 | 7.32 | -18.53 | 352 | 2.6 | SALL | N24W | 208 | S19E | 89.00 | -8 | N | LITTLE WINDS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19541 | ||||||
| 1762-04-02T13:00 | 5.90 | -17.97 | 307 | 2.6 | SALL | N22W | 203 | S19E | 91.00 | -8 | NW | LITTLE WINDS | EXCESSIVE HOT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19542 | ||||||
| 1762-04-03T13:00 | 4.58 | -17.47 | 12 | 1.0 | SALL | N23W | 266 | S21E | 84.00 | -11 | NNE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19543 | |||||||
| 1762-04-04T13:00 | 3.77 | -17.12 | 362 | 1.0 | SALL | N23W | 284 | S23E | 53.00 | -11 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | ABUNDANCE OF THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | ABUNDANCE OF RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19544 | |||||
| 1762-04-05T13:00 | 3.45 | -16.97 | 362 | 1.0 | SALL | N23W | 291 | S25E | 21.00 | -11 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS, INCLINABLE TO CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19545 | |||||||
| 1762-04-06T13:00 | 3.37 | -16.50 | 192 | 2.6 | SALL | N20W | 291 | S80E | 29.00 | -11 | SE, SSW | NNE | 1 | LITTLE WIND SOMETIMES CALM | VERY HOT WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19546 | ||||
| 1762-04-07T13:00 | 2.88 | -15.85 | 135 | 1.0 | SALL | N26W | 310 | S53E | 49.00 | -11 | SEBS | LIGHT AIRS | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19547 | |||||
| 1762-04-08T13:00 | 2.47 | -15.68 | 305 | 19.0 | SALL | N26W | 320 | S21E | 28.00 | -10 | NW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | VERY HOT WEATHER | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19548 | |||||
| 1762-04-09T13:00 | 2.00 | -14.72 | 193 | 6.7 | SALL | N28W | 336 | S63E | 63.00 | -10 | SBW, SSW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19549 | ||||||
| 1762-04-10T13:00 | 1.55 | -14.40 | 215 | SALL | N28W | 348 | S31E | 38.00 | VARIATION OF THE COMPASS 1:43W | -10 | SW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19550 | ||||||||
| 1762-04-11T13:00 | 1.42 | -14.40 | 260 | 1.0 | SALL | N28W | 349 | S | 8.00 | -10 | NNW, W | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19551 | ||||||
| 1762-04-12T13:00 | 1.22 | -14.40 | 361 | 2.6 | SALL | N20W | 354 | S | 12.00 | -10 | CALM | LITTLE WINDS AND CALM | MUCH LIGHTNING, HOT WEATHER | MUCH RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19552 | |||||
| 1762-04-13T13:00 | 0.88 | -14.33 | 362 | 1.0 | SALL | N20W | 360 | S18W | 21.00 | VARIATION OF THE COMPASS 11:10W | -10 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19553 | |||||
| 1762-04-14T13:00 | 0.53 | -15.60 | 170 | 2.6 | SALL | N24W | 357 | S54W | 28.00 | -10 | EBS-S | A FAINT BREEZE INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19554 | |||||||
| 1762-04-15T13:00 | -0.07 | -16.40 | 91 | 6.7 | SAL | N21W | 365 | S57W | 65.00 | -10 | S-EBS | A PLEASANT BREEZE THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19555 | |||||||
| 1762-04-16T13:00 | -1.38 | -17.32 | 170 | 0.0 | SAL | N17W | 382 | S35W | 97.00 | -10 | SEBS-S | A FRESH BREEZE FOR THE MAJOR PART, TOWARDS THE LATTER INCLINABLE TO CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19556 | |||||||
| 1762-04-17T13:00 | -2.77 | -18.27 | 118 | 9.3 | SAL | N13W | 403 | S35W | 100.00 | -6 | SBE-SEBE | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, THE LATTER FRESH BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19557 | |||||||
| 1762-04-18T13:00 | -4.92 | -19.67 | 152 | 12.3 | SAL | N8W | 440 | S34W | 155.00 | -6 | SEBE-SSE | A FRESH TRADE THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19558 | |||||||
| 1762-04-19T13:00 | -6.90 | -21.60 | 129 | 9.3 | SAL | N4W | 487 | S45W | 165.00 | -6 | SEBS, SE | A PLEASANT TRADE THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19559 | |||||||
| 1762-04-20T14:00 | -8.88 | -22.90 | 143 | 9.3 | SAL | N | 514 | S33W | 142.00 | -3 | SE, SEBS | A PLEASANT TRADE THESE 24 HOURS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19560 | |||||||
| 1762-04-21T14:00 | -10.00 | -23.72 | 110 | 6.7 | SAL | N2E | 537 | S36W | 83.00 | -3 | SE-ESE | MODERATE | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19561 | ||||||
| 1762-04-22T14:00 | -11.85 | -23.52 | 87 | 9.3 | SAL | N2E | 574 | S7E | 115.00 | -3 | SEBE-E | FRESH BREEZES | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19562 | ||||||
| 1762-04-23T14:00 | -12.77 | -22.85 | 54 | 2.6 | SAL | N | 593 | S36E | 68.00 | -2 | EBN-NEBE | MODERATE, THE MAJOR PART, LATTER LITTLE WIND | FAIR THE MAJOR PART | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19563 | ||||||
| 1762-04-24T13:00 | -13.75 | -22.07 | 74 | 9.3 | SAL | N2W | 614 | S39E | 75.00 | -5 | NEBE-EBN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19564 | |||||||
| 1762-04-25T13:00 | -15.17 | -21.23 | 74 | 6.7 | SAL | N4W | 644 | S34E | 104.00 | -5 | E, EBN | A PLEASANT BREEZES THROUGHOUT | SWELL FROM THE SW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19565 | ||||||
| 1762-04-26T13:00 | -16.10 | -20.90 | 96 | 2.6 | SAL | N4W | 664 | S20E | 60.00 | -5 | ENE, E, EBS | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE CALM, THE LATTER A FAINT BREEZE | SWELL FROM THE SW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19566 | ||||||
| 1762-04-27T13:00 | -16.33 | -20.68 | 310 | 1.0 | SAL | N4W | 670 | S42E | 19.00 | -5 | E, ENE, SW, NW | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19567 | |||||||
| 1762-04-28T13:00 | -16.60 | -20.97 | 141 | 0.0 | SAL | N4W | 674 | S42W | 21.00 | -5 | SBE-SEBS | LITTLE WIND THE FIRST PART, THE LATTER CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19568 | |||||||
| 1762-04-29T13:00 | -16.62 | -20.97 | 119 | 0.0 | SAL | N4W | 674 | S | 1.00 | -5 | SBW, SW, S, SEBE | FOR THE MAJOR PART CALM, SOMETIMES A FAINT BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19569 | |||||||
| 1762-04-30T13:00 | -17.23 | -21.13 | 119 | 6.7 | SAL | N4W | 682 | S10W | 40.00 | -5 | EBS-SEBE | FIRST PART CALM, THE LATTER A PLEASANT BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19570 | |||||||
| 1762-05-01T13:00 | -18.77 | -21.90 | 109 | 6.7 | SALL | N2W | 713 | S25W | 102.00 | -4 | SEBE, ESE | MODERATE | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19571 | ||||||
| 1762-05-02T13:00 | -20.67 | -22.23 | 120 | 9.3 | SALL | N2W | 750 | S9W | 117.00 | -4 | E-SEBE | A FRESH BREEZES THROUGHOUT WITH SOME SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19572 | |||||||
| 1762-05-03T13:00 | -22.82 | -22.07 | 77 | 9.3 | SALL | N2W | 794 | S5E | 130.00 | -2 | EBS, E, EBN | A FRESH BREEZES THROUGHOUT WITH SOME SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19573 | |||||||
| 1762-05-04T13:00 | -24.15 | -21.57 | 54 | 6.7 | SALL | N3W | 820 | S20E | 86.00 | -2 | E, ESE, NEBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19574 | ||||||
| 1762-05-05T13:00 | -24.33 | -21.50 | 212 | 0.0 | SALL | N3W | 824 | S17E | 12.00 | -2 | NEBE, SWBS | FOR THE MAJOR PART CALM, INTERMIXED WITH LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19575 | |||||||
| 1762-05-06T13:00 | -24.42 | -21.50 | 144 | 0.0 | SALL | N3W | 826 | S | 5.00 | -2 | SW-SEBS | FOR THE MAJOR PART CALM, INTERMIXED WITH LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19576 | |||||||
| 1762-05-07T13:00 | -24.80 | -20.97 | 178 | 2.6 | SALL | N4W | 834 | S57E | 39.00 | -2 | SEBS-S | A LIGHT BREEZE THROUGHOUT, WITH SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19577 | ||||||
| 1762-05-08T13:00 | -25.78 | -21.60 | 111 | 6.7 | SALL | N3W | 854 | S31E | 69.00 | -2 | SSE-ESE | MODERATE | LARGE SWELL FROM THE SOUTHWARD | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19578 | |||||
| 1762-05-09T13:00 | -26.53 | -21.27 | 43 | 1.0 | SALL | N3W | 868 | S22E | 48.00 | -2 | E-NE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS THROUGHOUT | SOUTHERN SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19579 | ||||||
| 1762-05-10T13:00 | -27.75 | -17.93 | 337 | 22.6 | SALL | N7W | 910 | S68E | 196.00 | -1 | NE, N, NNW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER STIFF GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19580 | ||||||
| 1762-05-11T13:00 | -28.13 | -13.40 | 334 | 22.6 | SALL | N10W | 930 | S85E | 249.00 | -4 | NNW | STRONG GALES THROUGHOUT | CLOUDY THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19581 | ||||||
| 1762-05-12T13:00 | -28.13 | -9.40 | 353 | 22.6 | SALL | N14W | 940 | E | 216.00 | -7 | W-N | STRONG GALES THROUGHOUT | CLOUDY THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19582 | ||||||
| 1762-05-13T12:00 | -28.00 | -4.90 | 340 | 22.6 | SALL | N17W | 957 | N89E | 240.00 | -9 | N, NBW | STIFF GALES | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19583 | ||||||
| 1762-05-14T12:00 | -26.83 | -1.93 | 302 | 1.0 | SALL | N20W | 953 | N66E | 174.00 | -13 | NBW-NW | FIRST PART STIFF GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | LATTER SMALL RAIN | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19584 | |||||
| 1762-05-15T12:00 | -25.57 | -1.03 | 145 | 6.7 | SALL | N28W | 949 | N33E | 92.00 | -13 | NW, SW, SSE | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, LATTER A PLEASANT BREEZE | LATTER A SWELL FROM THE WESTWARD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19585 | ||||||
| 1762-05-16T12:00 | -22.57 | 0.47 | 100 | 9.3 | SALL | N30W | 909 | N26E | 200.00 | -13 | SSE-ESE | A FRESH BREEZE THROUGHOUT WITH SOME SQUALLS | SOME RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19586 | ||||||
| 1762-05-17T12:00 | -19.40 | 0.47 | 100 | 22.6 | SALL | N32W | 860 | N | 192.00 | -13 | SEBE, ESE | STRONG GALES | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19587 | ||||||
| 1762-05-18T12:00 | -16.33 | 0.47 | 121 | 9.3 | SALL | N35W | 813 | N | 184.00 | -14 | ESE, SE | FRESH BREEZES | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19588 | ||||||
| 1762-05-19T12:00 | -16.00 | -1.33 | 99 | 19.0 | SALL | N39W | 805 | N79W | 106.00 | -14 | SSE, ESE | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19589 | ||||||
| 1762-05-20T12:00 | -16.03 | -3.03 | 123 | 12.3 | SALL | N31W | 770 | W | 98.00 | -12 | ESE, SE | A FRESH TRADE THROUGHOUT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19590 |