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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AMSTEL cruise from Nieuwediep to Batavia started at 1844-11-22 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747372, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -10.107553 * Median Longitude: 18.670000 * South-bound Latitude: -40.200000 * West-bound Longitude: -31.030000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.420000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1844-11-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1845-02-24T13:00:00
Event(s):
Amstel_18441122_O_REIS_21_P204-213 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1844-11-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1845-02-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Amstel, Voyage: Nieuwediep - Batavia, 1st Observer: C. Visman (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
19 Current speed descriptionV descr
20 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
21 Present weatherwwWeather description
22 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
23 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
24 Cloud typeCloud type
25 ClearnessClearness
26 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
27 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
28 FogFog1 If fog was reported
29 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
30 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
31 HailHail1 If hail was reported
32 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
33 CommentComment
34 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1923 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
11 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
12 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
19 
V descr
20 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
21 
ww
(Weather description)
22 
Precip descr
23 
State sea descr
24 
Cloud type
25 
Clearness
26 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
27 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
28 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
29 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
30 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
31 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
32 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
33 
Comment
34 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1844-11-22T00:00799.31PV85OTN5000000010337
1844-11-23T20:0051.421.781126.7999.113.91PV8-23457.00290600.00ZO4H01000000010338
1844-11-24T20:0050.37-1.17226.7993.412.21PV8-23454.00290400.00NO4V05000000010339
1844-11-25T20:0049.92-3.723624.6996.213.91PV8-25357.00290500.00OTZ-OMLOPEND3H00000000010340
1844-11-26T20:0049.37-5.751899.31001.915.0PV8-25559.00290700.00ZWTZ5000000010341
1844-11-27T21:0049.52-9.5219812.3996.215.0PV8-27659.00290500.00ZW6Z01V05000000010342
1844-11-28T21:0049.77-11.322436.7984.920.6PV8-27469.00290100.00WSTILW001000000a trivial correction was made in this observation10343
1844-11-29T21:0047.60-12.103339.3993.416.1PV8-27561.00290400.00N5000000010344
1844-11-30T21:0046.60-12.372012.6PV8-252ZW2W20V04010000010345
1844-12-01T21:0045.78-12.322244.6996.218.3PV8-25365.00290500.00WZW3W11STROOM IN 2 DAGEN ZOTO 1/2 O, 11 MIJLV040010000a trivial correction was made in this observation10346
1844-12-02T21:0045.15-11.2331412.3990.617.2PV8-25663.00290300.00NNWOZO1/8Z13.756W00100000010347
1844-12-03T21:0041.53-11.53229.31001.916.1PV8-23561.00290700.00NOW, ZW5000000010348
1844-12-04T21:0039.52-13.983624.6999.117.8PV8-24364.00290600.00OMLOPENDWZW3V04000000010349
1844-12-05T21:0038.83-16.1319015.4993.418.9PV8-24766.00290400.00ZWTZZ7W20Z01V10010000010350
1844-12-06T21:0036.88-17.8019.3996.218.3MADERAZTOPV8-22565.00290500.00NNOZOTO95W20V10010000010351
1844-12-07T21:0033.57-17.902939.3993.419.4PV8-22567.00290400.00NW5W00W20V07110000010352
1844-12-08T21:0031.22-18.353394.6993.420.0PALMAZZOPV8-21368.00290400.00NZ1/2W12.53V05H00000000010353
1844-12-09T21:0028.97-18.482274.6993.423.9PV8-21375.00290400.00WZWZO3000000010354
1844-12-10T21:0025.88-19.003519.3993.421.1PV8-20570.00290400.00NTOZ5V04H00000000010355
1844-12-11T21:0022.83-19.87369.3996.521.7PV8-20571.00290501.00NOTOW5H00000000010356
1844-12-12T21:0019.35-21.10609.3996.223.9PV8-19575.00290500.00OTNZW1/2W4.55V04000000010357
1844-12-13T21:0015.43-22.00839.3993.425.0PV8-18577.00290400.00O-OTZNW5000000010358
1844-12-14T21:0012.18-21.75506.727.2PV8-18481.00ONOO7/8Z34H00000000010359
1844-12-15T21:009.57-21.02504.627.8PV8-18382.00ONOZO1.753000000010360
1844-12-16T21:007.57-20.45836.729.4PV8-18485.00O-OTZOTN1/2N2.754000000010361
1844-12-17T21:006.20-19.9062.628.9PV8-17284.00NNOS012Z01000000010362
1844-12-18T21:005.47-19.853621.028.3PV8-17183.00VARIABEL1W00W20STROOM IN 2 DAGEN ZO 1/2 O, 4,75 MIJL.V10110000010363
1844-12-19T21:004.75-19.673621.028.3PV8-17183.00OMLOPENDZO1/2O41000000010364
1844-12-20T21:003.42-20.351639.326.7PV8-17580.00ZTO-ZZW1/3W75V01000000010365
1844-12-21T22:001.68-22.531666.729.4PV8-14485.00ZW3/4Z124H00000000010366
1844-12-22T22:000.50-25.181556.728.3PV8-14483.00ZTOZW1/8W6.254000000010367
1844-12-23T22:00-1.03-27.221329.328.9PV8-14584.00ZOTZZW2/3W55H00000000010368
1844-12-24T22:00-3.78-28.821359.328.9PV8-11584.00ZOTZ5000000010369
1844-12-25T22:00-6.32-30.101246.727.2PV8-11481.00ZO4STROOM IN 2 DAGEN ZWTW 1/2 W, 8 MIJL.H00000000010370
1844-12-26T22:00-7.55-31.03802.6PV8-102O2V10000000010371
1844-12-27T22:00-8.73-30.87912.6PV8-102OTZOTZ1.252W00100000010372
1844-12-28T22:00-11.37-30.771149.3PV8-105ZOTO5V01H00000000010373
1844-12-29T22:00-14.38-30.801039.328.3PV8-10583.00OZO5STROOM IN 2 DAGEN OZO 1/8 Z, 11 MIJL.000000010374
1844-12-30T22:00-17.03-29.73586.7PV8-104ONOOTZ7/8Z54H00000000010375
1844-12-31T22:00-19.17-28.42816.7PV8-94OZ4V00000000010376
1845-01-01T22:00-21.20-27.67924.6PV8-93OTZ3STROOM IN 2 DAGEN Z 7/8 W, 10,75 MIJLH00000000010377
1845-01-02T22:00-23.22-27.37689.3PV8-115OTNZ2/3O45000000010378
1845-01-03T22:00-25.88-25.78794.6999.1PV8-113290600.00OZOTZ1/4O6.53000000010379
1845-01-04T22:00-27.78-25.25462.6993.4PV8-102290400.00NOTOOTN2.52H00000000010380
1845-01-05T22:00-28.68-23.723622.61003.0PV8-102290705.00OMLOPENDWZW3/4Z4.752W00W20110000010381
1845-01-06T22:00-30.25-23.951259.3PV8-105ZOZ7/8O4.55V03000000010382
1845-01-07T22:00-31.90-23.87131.0999.1PV8-101290600.00O-NNOZTW1/3W2.751V04000000010383
1845-01-08T22:00-32.62-22.6336.71001.9PV8-84290700.00NTOONO1/8N3.754000000010384
1845-01-09T21:00-33.63-19.123379.3999.123.9PV8-12575.00290600.00NTWONO2/3N2.55H00000000010385
1845-01-10T21:00-34.25-14.7035612.3996.2PV8-156290500.00NTO6Z00H00000000010386
1845-01-11T21:00-35.28-9.6525222.6987.8PV8-189290200.00WNNW1/4W49W01W20OMSTUIMIGE LUCHT110000010387
1845-01-12T20:00-35.13-6.452946.7996.221.1PV8-21470.00290500.00NWNTO3/4O6.254V01000000010388
1845-01-13T20:00-35.55-2.632729.3999.1PV8-215290600.00WNWNNO2/3O75000000010389
1845-01-14T20:00-36.221.371809.3999.1PV8-235290600.00ZZW5V01000000010390
1845-01-15T20:00-36.383.4396.71004.7PV8-254290800.00NOTN4STROOM IN 2 DAGEN 14 NH00000000010391
1845-01-16T20:00-37.226.273139.3996.2PV8-255290500.00NNW5V04H00000000010392
1845-01-17T19:00-37.829.533229.3993.4PV8-275290400.00NTWNO1/2O9.755V04000000010393
1845-01-18T19:00-38.5714.133109.3990.6PV8-285290300.00NNW5W20V04010000010394
1845-01-19T19:00-39.0718.1526319.0984.9PV8-308290100.00WNW8Z01, STROOM IN 2 DAGEN NW 2/3 W, 12.25 MIJL.000000010395
1845-01-20T19:00-39.2021.881522.6984.9PV8-309290100.00NW-NO9000000010396
1845-01-21T18:00-39.0825.5827419.0965.2PV8-308280600.00NWTW8W01W20Z01110000010397
1845-01-22T18:00-39.5029.8228415.4951.1PV8-317280100.00NW7STROOM IN 3 DAGEN NO 1/8 O, 16.5 MIJLV10000000010398
1845-01-23T18:00-38.9735.173189.3987.8PV8-315290200.00NTW5V10000000010399
1845-01-24T17:00-39.3239.602401.0993.4PV8-301290400.00W1W20V06010000010400
1845-01-25T17:00-39.2540.003621.0994.6PV8-301290405.00OMLOPENDSTILW20STROOM IN 3 DAGEN NNO 1/3 O, 9 MIJL.V05010000010401
1845-01-26T17:00-38.6741.803539.3997.4PV8-305290505.00NNOZO7/8O9.255V05000000010402
1845-01-27T17:00-39.4046.233319.3999.1PV8-295290600.00NNOTO1/4O35H01000000010403
1845-01-28T17:00-39.5850.453329.31004.7PV8-285290800.00NZOTO55V00H00000000010404
1845-01-29T16:00-39.7754.673119.31000.2PV8-275290605.00NNWNO1/2O25V040000000a trivial correction was made in this observation10405
1845-01-30T16:00-39.5558.073004.6999.1PV8-263290600.00NWTNZZO2/3O63H00000000010406
1845-01-31T16:00-39.8561.7234512.3993.4PV8-266290400.00NTO6V05000000010407
1845-02-01T16:00-39.6566.472564.6990.6PV8-253290300.00WTN3STROOM IN 2 DAGEN ZO 1/2 O, 10 MIJL.000000010408
1845-02-02T15:00-40.2067.6713415.4984.9PV8-247290100.00ZZOZTO7/8O2.757AFWERKENDE LUCHT000000010409
1845-02-03T15:00-38.9869.67771.0986.1PV8-241290105.00OTZ1W11OPWERKENDE LUCHT001000010410
1845-02-04T15:00-38.9372.5035915.4984.9PV8-247290100.00NNO7STROOM IN 2 DAGEN ZZO 3/4 O, 9,25 MIJL.AFWERKENDE LUCHT000000010411
1845-02-05T15:00-39.2776.882702.6PV8-232W-WNWNOTO1/4O120000000a trivial correction was made in this observation10412
1845-02-06T15:00-38.4578.403506.7987.8PV8-214290200.00NTOOTZ7/8Z5.54H00000000010413
1845-02-07T15:00-38.0381.403622.6993.4PV8-212290400.00N-VARIABELW3.752000000010414
1845-02-08T14:00-37.0084.022449.3990.6PV8-155290300.00WTZ5V04H00000000010415
1845-02-09T14:00-35.9786.933119.3999.1PV8-155290600.00NWTNO1/3Z15.55H00000000010416
1845-02-10T14:00-34.7391.003359.3999.1PV8-145290600.00NTWOTZ1/4Z7.755H00000000010417
1845-02-11T14:00-32.8394.422919.3996.2PV8-135290500.00NWTWOTZ1/4Z6.255H00000000010418
1845-02-12T14:00-30.9396.322604.6PV8-103W3H00000000010419
1845-02-13T14:00-29.4796.87PV8-10STROOM IN 2 DAGEN NO, 9.75 MIJL.000000010420
1845-02-14T13:00-26.6598.751079.3PV8-65OZONNO5.255V04000000010421
1845-02-15T13:00-23.18100.301529.3PV8-65ZZO5H00000000010422
1845-02-16T13:00-20.58100.771549.3PV8-45ZZO5H00000000010423
1845-02-17T13:00-17.62101.43869.3PV8-45O5V04, V01000000010424
1845-02-18T13:00-15.57101.48542.623.9PV8-2275.00NOTOWTN2/3N4.252V04000000010425
1845-02-19T13:00-14.15101.03669.329.4PV8-2585.00ONOZO7/8O0.55H00000000010426
1845-02-20T13:00-12.07101.673622.629.4PV80285.00OMLOPENDNTW1/2W82W00100000010427
1845-02-21T13:00-10.72101.701132.630.0PV80286.00VARIABEL-OZO2OPWERKENDE LUCHT000000010428
1845-02-22T13:00-9.60102.333269.327.8PV80582.00NWTN5W00100000010429
1845-02-23T13:00-8.13103.3527015.4PV807W7W01W20V10110000010430
1845-02-24T13:00-6.10106.861PV81000000010431