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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during AMICITIA cruise from Batavia to the Netherlands started at 1850-10-09 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747352, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -8.124878 * Median Longitude: 16.280854 * South-bound Latitude: -35.430000 * West-bound Longitude: -32.470000 * North-bound Latitude: 44.180000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.680000
Date/Time Start: 1850-10-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1850-12-31T13:00:00
Event(s):
Amicitia_18501009_T_REIS_22_P221-229 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1850-10-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1850-12-31T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Amicitia, Voyage: Batavia - Nederland, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams Jr. (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
14 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
19 Cloud typeCloud type
20 ClearnessClearness
21 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
22 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
23 FogFog1 If fog was reported
24 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
25 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26 HailHail1 If hail was reported
27 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28 CommentComment
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1631 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
10 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
14 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
ww
(Weather description)
17 
Precip descr
18 
State sea descr
19 
Cloud type
20 
Clearness
21 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
22 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
23 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
24 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
25 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
26 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
27 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
28 
Comment
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1850-10-09T00:001ONDER ZEIL NAAR NEDERLANDW3000001009436
1850-10-10T00:001359.315ZO5Z04H0000000009437
1850-10-11T05:00-7.15103.6813612.3995.728.91684.0029.40ZO5-6Z0400000009438
1850-10-12T05:00-8.38100.021139.3995.728.30583.0029.40OZO5Z01H0000000009439
1850-10-13T06:00-9.6597.17899.3995.728.3-1583.0029.40O5V00H0000000009440
1850-10-14T06:00-10.5394.431126.7995.727.2-1481.0029.40OZO4V00H0000000009441
1850-10-15T06:00-11.4291.381349.3995.727.8-1582.0029.40ZO4-5V00, V0100000009442
1850-10-16T06:00-12.5088.7211212.3995.727.8-1682.0029.40OZO5-6V00, V0100000009443
1850-10-17T06:00-13.6785.781216.7995.727.2-3481.0029.40ZOTO4V00H0000000009444
1850-10-18T06:00-14.7082.921439.3995.727.2-3581.0029.40ZOTZ5V00H0000000009445
1850-10-19T07:00-15.8080.0215412.3999.126.1-4679.0029.50ZZO6V0500000009446
1850-10-20T07:00-16.8376.7713112.3999.125.6-4678.0029.50ZO6W00W2011000009447
1850-10-21T07:00-17.8574.001519.3999.125.0-7577.0029.50ZZO4-5H0000000009448
1850-10-22T07:00-18.8271.401276.7999.123.9-8475.0029.50ZO4V0000000009449
1850-10-23T07:00-19.4568.83172995.724.4-876.0029.40Z?V0000000009450
1850-10-24T08:00-20.2566.603294.6999.125.0-9377.0029.50NO, NNW3V00, V0400000009451
1850-10-25T08:00-20.8365.25364.6999.125.0-9377.0029.50NO2-3V0000000009452
1850-10-26T08:00-21.4364.4514919.0999.125.6-9878.0029.50ZZO3-8W21Z0401000009453
1850-10-27T08:00-21.9063.2217112.3999.125.0-9677.0029.50Z7-6W20Z01V1001000009454
1850-10-28T08:00-23.0760.501459.31002.422.2-13572.0029.60ZZO5V0000000009455
1850-10-29T08:00-23.8357.331209.31002.421.1-15570.0029.60ZO5V0500000009456
1850-10-30T08:00-24.8754.65536.71002.421.7-15471.0029.60ONO4V0500000009457
1850-10-31T09:00-25.7852.17736.71002.422.2-17472.0029.60O4V0000000009458
1850-11-01T09:00-26.6849.53739.3999.121.7-17571.0029.50O5V00, V1000000009459
1850-11-02T09:00-28.1746.80469.3999.123.3-23574.0029.50ONO5Z01V00H0000000009460
1850-11-03T09:00-29.2244.123384.6999.123.3-23374.0029.50N5-3H0100000009461
1850-11-04T09:00-30.2241.171459.31002.424.4-24576.0029.60ZTO5Z01V0500000009462
1850-11-05T09:00-30.6838.52442.61005.821.1-24270.0029.70ONO2V1000000009463
1850-11-06T10:00-31.4236.02194.61002.423.3-26374.0029.60NO3V0500000009464
1850-11-07T10:00-31.9234.351546.7999.124.4-26476.0029.50Z4V0500000009465
1850-11-08T10:00-32.4032.681099.3999.122.8-26573.0029.50ZO4-5W41W21V1401001009466
1850-11-09T10:00-33.2729.57849.31002.420.6-29569.0029.60OZO5Z01V00, V0100000009467
1850-11-10T10:00-34.8825.921289.31005.820.0-30568.0029.70ZZO5V00, V0100000009468
1850-11-11T11:00-35.3321.901956.71002.420.6-30469.0029.60ZO, ZW4H0000000009469
1850-11-12T11:00-35.1520.0724026.8992.320.6-301069.0029.30W10W01W21Z0211000009470
1850-11-13T11:00-35.4319.432186.7992.317.2-30463.0029.30WZW4Z01V0300000009471
1850-11-14T11:00-34.9319.432299.3995.717.2-30563.0029.40WTZ5W10V1000100009472
1850-11-15T11:00-35.0719.421289.31002.418.9-30566.0029.60ZZO5H0100000009473
1850-11-16T11:00-34.2517.5012812.31005.819.4-30667.0029.70ZZO5-6V0000000009474
1850-11-17T11:00-32.4814.801529.3992.320.0-28568.0029.30Z5V05H0000000009475
1850-11-18T11:00-30.7512.401979.3999.115.6-28560.0029.50ZW5V0500000009476
1850-11-19T11:00-29.0510.6015212.31002.420.0-28668.0029.60Z5-6V00, V0100000009477
1850-11-20T11:00-26.878.151089.31002.418.3-27565.0029.60ZO5V0500000009478
1850-11-21T12:00-25.105.27986.71005.818.3-26465.0029.70ZOTO4V0500000009479
1850-11-22T12:00-23.483.15986.71002.419.4-26467.0029.60ZOTO4V0500000009480
1850-11-23T12:00-21.820.821006.71002.420.6-24469.0029.60ZOTO4V0500000009481
1850-11-24T12:00-20.32-1.45896.71002.421.7-24471.0029.60OZO4V1000000009482
1850-11-25T12:00-18.93-3.08674.6999.122.2-23372.0029.50O3W20V1001000009483
1850-11-26T12:00-17.48-4.821126.7999.125.0-23477.0029.50ZO4V00, V0100000009484
1850-11-27T12:00-15.88-5.701126.7999.122.81-23473.0029.50ZO4V0500000009485
1850-11-28T12:00-14.88-6.95909.3999.122.8-23573.0029.50OZO5V00, V0100000009486
1850-11-29T13:00-13.07-8.921146.7999.122.8-21473.0029.50ZO4V0500000009487
1850-11-30T13:00-11.47-10.771149.3999.124.4-21576.0029.50ZO5V01H0000000009488
1850-12-01T13:00-9.83-12.47926.7999.125.6-21478.0029.50OZO4V0100000009489
1850-12-02T13:00-8.33-13.831166.7999.126.1-19479.0029.50ZO4V0000000009490
1850-12-03T13:00-6.97-15.531396.7995.726.7-19480.0029.40ZZO4V0500000009491
1850-12-04T13:00-5.52-17.081166.7995.726.7-19480.0029.40ZO4V0000000009492
1850-12-05T13:00-3.97-18.181186.7995.727.2-17481.0029.40ZO4V00, V0100000009493
1850-12-06T13:00-2.10-19.081636.7995.728.9-17484.0029.40Z4W20V1001000009494
1850-12-07T13:00-0.50-19.98739.3995.728.3-17583.0029.40ZZO, O4-5V1000000009495
1850-12-08T13:001.32-21.251189.3995.727.2-17581.0029.40ZO5V0000000009496
1850-12-09T13:002.97-22.20726.7995.728.3-18483.0029.40O6-4W2001000009497
1850-12-10T14:004.67-23.20524.6995.728.9-16384.0029.40ONO3DONDERLUCHT00000009498
1850-12-11T14:005.48-23.68189.3995.727.8-16582.0029.40NOTN5V0300000009499
1850-12-12T14:006.32-24.25184.6995.727.8-16382.0029.40NOTN3V00, V0100000009500
1850-12-13T14:007.75-25.885212.3995.728.3-16683.0029.40ONO5-6V0100000009501
1850-12-14T14:009.93-27.485212.3995.727.2-16681.0029.40ONO5-6W00W20V0511000009502
1850-12-15T14:0012.53-28.454112.3995.726.1-15679.0029.40NOTO6Z01H0100000009503
1850-12-16T14:0015.22-29.524115.4995.725.6-15778.0029.40NOTO7Z01V0500000009504
1850-12-17T14:0017.88-30.655112.3999.124.4-17676.0029.50ONO5-6H0100000009505
1850-12-18T14:0020.67-31.22399.3999.124.4-17576.0029.50NOTO5Z01V100000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9506
1850-12-19T14:0022.75-31.80509.31002.424.4-18576.0029.60ONO5W001000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9507
1850-12-20T14:0024.73-32.37729.31002.422.8-18573.0029.60O5V100000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9508
1850-12-21T14:0026.90-32.47729.31002.422.2-18572.0029.60O5Z01V01H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9509
1850-12-22T14:0029.12-31.53816.71002.422.2-20472.0029.60OTZ4V00, V010000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9510
1850-12-23T14:0031.00-30.65489.31005.821.1-20570.0029.70ONO5V100000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9511
1850-12-24T14:0032.92-30.526712.31009.220.0-23668.0029.80O5-6V050000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9512
1850-12-25T14:0035.13-29.80906.71012.616.7-23462.0029.90OZO4V050000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9513
1850-12-26T14:0036.75-28.87224.61012.618.3-23365.0029.90NO3W20V050100000a trivial correction was made in this observation9514
1850-12-27T14:0038.47-29.201104.61012.617.8-25364.0029.90ZO4-3V00H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9515
1850-12-28T14:0039.87-27.551559.31012.617.8-25564.0029.90Z5W10V010010000a trivial correction was made in this observation9516
1850-12-29T14:0041.20-24.752009.31009.218.3-25565.0029.80ZW5V000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9517
1850-12-30T13:0042.53-22.2219826.81005.818.3-2765.0029.70ZWSTORMENZ010000000a trivial correction was made in this observation9518
1850-12-31T13:0044.18-18.5316426.8985.518.9-271066.0029.10ZTW10W22Z02V050100000a trivial correction was made in this observation9519