Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -6.942020 * Median Longitude: 19.990909 * South-bound Latitude: -35.320000 * West-bound Longitude: -32.770000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.450000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.180000

Date/Time Start: 1849-10-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1850-02-02T00:00:00

Event(s):

Amicitia_18491021_T_REIS_20_P184-191 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-10-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1850-02-02T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Amicitia, Voyage: Batavia - Nieuwediep, 1st Observer: C. Abrahams Jr. (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
10	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
11	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
12	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
15	Present weather	ww		Weather description
16	Precipitation description	Precip descr
17	State of the sea description	State sea descr
18	Cloud type	Cloud type
19	Clearness	Clearness
20	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
21	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
22	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
23	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
24	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
26	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1947 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 - (1 If position is considered t...)	9 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	10 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	11 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	12 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	15 ww (Weather description)	16 Precip descr	17 State sea descr	18 Cloud type	19 Clearness	20 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	21 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1849-10-21T00:00			362	1.0			1		1			VARIABEL	1	W00, W42	W20				1	1	1	9220
1849-10-22T00:00			169	12.3			1		6			ZTO	6			Z00	V00		0	0	0	9221
1849-10-23T05:00	-6.78	104.18	159	12.3				1	6			ZZO	6			Z01			0	0	0	9222
1849-10-24T05:00	-8.00	101.55	146	6.7	995.7	27.8		0	4	82.00	29.40	ZOTZ	4			Z01	V00		0	0	0	9223
1849-10-25T05:00	-9.27	99.25	146	9.3	995.7	27.8		0	5	82.00	29.40	ZOTZ	5					H00	0	0	0	9224
1849-10-26T06:00	-10.28	96.32	134	6.7	995.7	27.2		-1	4	81.00	29.40	ZO	4				V00		0	0	0	9225
1849-10-27T06:00	-11.15	94.82	145	9.3	995.7	28.3		-1	5	83.00	29.40	ZOTZ	5	W00					1	0	0	9226
1849-10-28T06:00	-12.60	92.20	132	9.3	995.7	27.8		-3	5	82.00	29.40	ZO	4-5				V01		0	0	0	9227
1849-10-29T06:00	-13.80	89.62	110	15.4	995.7	26.7		-3	7	80.00	29.40	OZO	5-7	BUIIG	MET REGEN		V03		1	1	0	9228
1849-10-30T06:00	-14.93	86.87	132	9.3	995.7	26.7		-3	5	80.00	29.40	ZO	5					H00	0	0	0	9229
1849-10-31T06:00	-16.15	84.32	132	9.3	999.1	27.2		-3	5	81.00	29.50	ZO	5				V00		0	0	0	9230
1849-11-01T07:00	-17.27	81.63	131	6.7	999.1	26.1		-4	4	79.00	29.50	ZO	4					H00	0	0	0	9231
1849-11-02T07:00	-18.27	79.45	50	4.6	995.7	25.6		-6	3	78.00	29.40	NOTO	3				V00	H00	0	0	0	9232
1849-11-03T07:00	-18.97	77.73	107	1.0	995.7	27.2		-6	1	81.00	29.40	OZO	1				V00		0	0	0	9233
1849-11-04T07:00	-19.25	77.25	128	6.7	995.7	26.7		-7	4	80.00	29.40	ZO	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9234
1849-11-05T07:00	-19.43	75.90	139	4.6	995.7	26.1		-7	3	79.00	29.40	ZOTZ	3					H00	0	0	0	9235
1849-11-06T07:00	-20.05	74.23	139	6.7	995.7	26.1		-7	4	79.00	29.40	ZOTZ	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9236
1849-11-07T07:00	-21.03	72.52	38	2.6	995.7	26.7		-7	2	80.00	29.40	NO	2			Z01			0	0	0	9237
1849-11-08T07:00	-21.35	71.60	150	1.0	999.1	27.2		-8	1	81.00	29.50	ZZO	1			Z04			0	0	0	9238
1849-11-09T07:00	-21.60	70.80	127	2.6	995.7	26.7		-8	2	80.00	29.40	ZO	2			Z01	V00		0	0	0	9239
1849-11-10T07:00	-21.93	69.80	93	6.7	995.7	26.1		-8	4	79.00	29.40	OTZ	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9240
1849-11-11T07:00	-22.57	68.23	79	6.7	999.1	25.6		-11	4	78.00	29.50	O	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9241
1849-11-12T08:00	-23.33	66.67	67	4.6	1002.4	26.7		-12	3	80.00	29.60	OTN	3				V00		0	0	0	9242
1849-11-13T08:00	-24.23	64.87	348	9.3	1005.8	26.7		-12	5	80.00	29.70	N	5					H01	0	0	0	9243
1849-11-14T08:00	-25.30	62.63	314	9.3	1002.4	27.2		-12	5	81.00	29.60	NWTN	5				V05		0	0	0	9244
1849-11-15T08:00	-26.47	60.35	122	9.3	999.1	24.4		-13	5	76.00	29.50	ZO	5					H01	0	0	0	9245
1849-11-16T08:00	-27.03	58.15	145	9.3	999.1	22.2		-13	5	72.00	29.50	ZZO	5				V03	H00	0	0	0	9246
1849-11-17T08:00	-27.78	55.33	71	6.7	995.7	22.2		-19	4	72.00	29.40	O	4				V00		0	0	0	9247
1849-11-18T08:00	-28.25	53.25	4	15.4	1002.4	22.2		-19	7	72.00	29.60	NNO	6-7			Z01	V13		0	0	0	9248
1849-11-19T09:00	-29.08	50.40	272	12.3	992.3	24.4		-21	6	76.00	29.30	WNW	5-6	W30			V05		0	0	1	9249
1849-11-20T09:00	-30.52	48.62	2	4.6	988.9	24.4		-21	3	76.00	29.20	NNO	3				V00		0	0	0	9250
1849-11-21T09:00	-30.87	48.08	283	4.6	995.7	24.4		-21	3	76.00	29.40	NWTW	3				V05		0	0	0	9251
1849-11-22T09:00	-31.03	46.70	181	12.3	995.7	26.1		-22	6	79.00	29.40	ZZW	6			Z01	V05		0	0	0	9252
1849-11-23T09:00	-30.23	44.85	91	9.3	1002.4	22.2		-22	5	72.00	29.60	OZO	5			Z01		H00	0	0	0	9253
1849-11-24T09:00	-30.40	43.15	23	6.7	1005.8	21.7		-22	4	71.00	29.70	NO	4					H00	0	0	0	9254
1849-11-25T09:00	-31.15	40.48	134	6.7	1002.4	23.3		-24	4	74.00	29.60	ZZO	STIL	W01	W20				1	1	0	9255
1849-11-26T09:00	-31.73	38.00	302	9.3	999.1	23.9		-24	5	75.00	29.50	NWTN	4-5				V00, V01		0	0	0	9256
1849-11-27T10:00	-32.33	37.05	188	9.3	992.3	25.0		-26	5	77.00	29.30	ZWTZ	5					H00	0	0	0	9257
1849-11-28T10:00	-31.83	35.70	53	9.3	1002.4	20.6		-26	5	69.00	29.60	OTN	5					H00	0	0	0	9258
1849-11-29T10:00	-31.88	34.42	334	6.7	1002.4	22.2		-26	4	72.00	29.60	N	4				V05	H00	0	0	0	9259
1849-11-30T10:00	-32.92	31.25	241	9.3	988.9	24.4		-29	5	76.00	29.20	W	5					H00	0	0	0	9260
1849-12-01T10:00	-33.15	30.83	241	9.3	995.7	22.8		-29	5	73.00	29.40	W	5					H01	0	0	0	9261
1849-12-02T10:00	-32.58	30.08	140	4.6	1002.4	22.2		-29	3	72.00	29.60	ZTO	3					H00	0	0	0	9262
1849-12-03T10:00	-32.53	29.83	84	6.7	1005.8	23.9		-29	4	75.00	29.70	OZO	4				BUIIG		0	0	0	9263
1849-12-04T10:00	-34.08	27.80	39	4.6	992.3	23.3		-29	3	74.00	29.30	ONO	3				V04		0	0	0	9264
1849-12-05T10:00	-35.07	24.48	49	4.6	1002.4	24.4		-30	3	76.00	29.60	OTN	3					H01, H00	0	0	0	9265
1849-12-06T11:00	-35.32	20.75	207	4.6	992.3	24.4		-29	3	76.00	29.30	ZWTW	3					H00	0	0	0	9266
1849-12-07T11:00	-35.18	19.70	117	9.3	995.7	22.8		-29	5	73.00	29.40	ZOTZ	5				V05		0	0	0	9267
1849-12-08T11:00	-34.62	16.93	129	12.3	995.7	22.2		-29	6	72.00	29.40	ZZO	5-6				V00, V05		0	0	0	9268
1849-12-09T11:00	-32.65	13.97	95	9.3	1002.4	22.8		-29	5	73.00	29.60	ZOTO	5					H00	0	0	0	9269
1849-12-10T11:00	-30.90	11.17	243	6.7	995.7	23.3		-27	4	74.00	29.40	W	4					H00	0	0	0	9270
1849-12-11T11:00	-29.33	9.20	198	4.6	995.7	21.7		-27	3	71.00	29.40	ZW	3					H00	0	0	0	9271
1849-12-12T11:00	-27.67	7.63	97	6.7	999.1	22.2		-27	4	72.00	29.50	ZOTO	4				V05		0	0	0	9272
1849-12-13T12:00	-26.45	5.38	98	6.7	1002.4	23.9		-26	4	75.00	29.60	ZOTO	4					H00	0	0	0	9273
1849-12-14T12:00	-25.17	3.37	75	6.7	1005.8	23.3		-26	4	74.00	29.70	OTZ	4				V04		0	0	0	9274
1849-12-15T12:00	-23.58	1.15	88	6.7	1002.4	22.2		-25	4	72.00	29.60	OZO	4					H00	0	0	0	9275
1849-12-16T12:00	-21.73	-0.65	111	4.6	1002.4	22.8		-24	3	73.00	29.60	ZO	3				V05		0	0	0	9276
1849-12-17T12:00	-20.10	-2.38	111	6.7	1002.4	21.7		-24	4	71.00	29.60	ZO	4				V05		0	0	0	9277
1849-12-18T12:00	-18.42	-4.18	90	6.7	1002.4	23.9		-23	4	75.00	29.60	OZO	4					H01	0	0	0	9278
1849-12-19T12:00	-16.23	-5.80	78	6.7	1002.4	22.8	1	-23	4	73.00	29.60	OTZ	4					H01	0	0	0	9279
1849-12-21T13:00	-14.40	-7.57	103	6.7	1002.4	24.4		-21	4	76.00	29.60	ZOTO	4				V04	H00	0	0	0	9280
1849-12-22T13:00	-12.82	-9.17	114	6.7	1002.4	24.4		-21	4	76.00	29.60	ZO	4				V05		0	0	0	9281
1849-12-23T13:00	-11.32	-11.23	114	6.7	999.1	24.4		-21	4	76.00	29.50	ZO	4				V05	H00	0	0	0	9282
1849-12-24T13:00	-9.65	-12.98	105	6.7	1002.4	25.0		-19	4	77.00	29.60	ZOTO	4				V00		0	0	0	9283
1849-12-25T13:00	-7.97	-14.50	116	6.7	999.1	25.6		-19	4	78.00	29.50	ZO	4				V00, V01		0	0	0	9284
1849-12-26T13:00	-6.20	-16.25	127	6.7	995.7	26.7		-19	4	80.00	29.40	ZOTZ	4					H00	0	0	0	9285
1849-12-27T13:00	-4.53	-17.70	129	6.7	995.7	27.2		-17	4	81.00	29.40	ZOTZ	4					H00	0	0	0	9286
1849-12-28T13:00	-3.25	-19.65	118	6.7	995.7	28.9		-17	4	84.00	29.40	ZO	4					H00	0	0	0	9287
1849-12-29T13:00	-1.48	-21.00	118	6.7	995.7	30.0		-17	4	86.00	29.40	ZO	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9288
1849-12-30T13:00	-0.20	-20.87	141	6.7	995.7	28.9		-17	4	84.00	29.40	ZZO	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9289
1849-12-31T13:00	1.45	-22.32	73	6.7	995.7	28.3		-17	4	83.00	29.40	O	4					H00	0	0	0	9290
1850-01-01T14:00	3.00	-23.12	277	4.6	995.7	28.9		-16	3	84.00	29.40	WNW	3				V10		0	0	0	9291
1850-01-02T14:00	3.85	-23.22	277	9.3	995.7	27.8		-16	5	82.00	29.40	WNW	4-5				V02	H00	0	0	0	9292
1850-01-03T13:00	4.80	-22.47	275	4.6	995.7	27.2		-18	3	81.00	29.40	WNW	3				V05		0	0	0	9293
1850-01-04T13:00	5.47	-22.32	5	9.3	995.7	28.3		-18	5	83.00	29.40	NNO	5					H00	0	0	0	9294
1850-01-05T14:00	6.38	-23.50	29	9.3	995.7	27.8		-16	5	82.00	29.40	NO	5				V05		0	0	0	9295
1850-01-06T14:00	8.08	-25.37	29	12.3	995.7	26.7		-16	6	80.00	29.40	NO	5-6					H00	0	0	0	9296
1850-01-07T14:00	9.07	-26.77	52	9.3	995.7	25.6		-16	5	78.00	29.40	ONO	5						0	0	0	9297
1850-01-08T14:00	11.88	-27.53	42	9.3	995.7	24.4		-14	5	76.00	29.40	NOTO	5				V10		0	0	0	9298
1850-01-09T14:00	13.98	-28.18	53	9.3	995.7	23.9		-15	5	75.00	29.40	ONO	5			Z01	V10	H00	0	0	0	9299
1850-01-10T14:00	16.17	-28.65	53	12.3	995.7	23.9		-15	6	75.00	29.40	ONO	6				V04		0	0	0	9300
1850-01-11T14:00	18.30	-29.30	51	12.3	995.7	23.3		-17	6	74.00	29.40	ONO	6				V10		0	0	0	9301
1850-01-12T14:00	20.27	-30.22	51	9.3	999.1	22.8		-17	5	73.00	29.50	ONO	5					H00	0	0	0	9302
1850-01-13T14:00	22.38	-30.87	28	9.3	999.1	22.2		-17	5	72.00	29.50	NO	5				V10		0	0	0	9303
1850-01-14T14:00	24.28	-31.72	61	6.7	1002.4	22.2		-18	4	72.00	29.60	OTN	4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9304
1850-01-15T14:00	25.73	-32.77	96	6.7	1002.4	22.2		-17	4	72.00	29.60	OZO	4				V03		0	0	0	9305
1850-01-16T14:00	27.78	-32.25	138	6.7	1002.4	22.2		-20	4	72.00	29.60	ZZO	4				V03		0	0	0	9306
1850-01-17T14:00	30.03	-31.53	171	9.3	999.1	22.8		-20	5	73.00	29.50	ZTW	5				V03	H00	0	0	0	9307
1850-01-18T14:00	32.80	-30.60	270	6.7	995.7	22.2		-23	4	72.00	29.40	WNW	4				V10		0	0	0	9308
1850-01-19T14:00	34.48	-28.50	180	9.3	999.1	20.6		-23	5	69.00	29.50	ZZW	5				V00		0	0	0	9309
1850-01-20T14:00	35.60	-26.62	123	12.3	1002.4	20.0		-23	6	68.00	29.60	ZOTZ	5-6				V00		0	0	0	9310
1850-01-21T14:00	37.60	-23.72	99	9.3	1002.4	20.0		-25	5	68.00	29.60	ZOTO	5				V10, V05		0	0	0	9311
1850-01-22T13:00	39.87	-21.00	110	12.3	1002.4	18.3		-25	6	65.00	29.60	ZO	6				V05		0	0	0	9312
1850-01-23T13:00	42.00	-18.27	155	6.7	999.1	16.7		-25	4	62.00	29.50	Z	6-4				V00		0	0	0	9313
1850-01-24T13:00	43.87	-16.08	177	9.3	995.7	16.7		-26	5	62.00	29.40	ZZW	4-5					H01, H00	0	0	0	9314
1850-01-25T13:00	45.35	-13.92	244	12.3	1005.8	16.1		-26	6	61.00	29.70	W	5-6			Z01			0	0	0	9315
1850-01-26T13:00	47.23	-10.82	156	9.3	999.1	16.1		-24	5	61.00	29.50	Z	6-5			Z01	V05		0	0	0	9316
1850-01-27T13:00	48.33	-8.07	198	15.4	1009.2	10.0		-27	7	50.00	29.80	ZW	7	W00			V05		1	0	0	9317
1850-01-28T12:00	49.63	-5.03	291	4.6	1002.4	17.2		-24	3	63.00	29.60	NW	3				V05, V03		0	0	0	9318
1850-01-29T12:00	50.45	-1.75	79	15.4	1002.4	15.6	1	-22	7	60.00	29.60	OTZ	6-7				V05		0	0	0	9319
1850-01-30T12:00	50.25	-0.97	113	9.3	1005.8	8.9	1	-22	5	48.00	29.70	ZO	5				V04		0	0	0	9320
1850-02-02T00:00							1												0	0	0	9321