Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -11.211398 * Median Longitude: 21.510538 * South-bound Latitude: -38.820000 * West-bound Longitude: -27.020000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.820000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000

Date/Time Start: 1849-06-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-09-05T05:00:00

Event(s):

Amicitia_18490603_T_REIS_20_P184-191 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-06-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-09-05T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Amicitia, Voyage: Nederland - Batavia, 1st Observer: G. Abrahams Jr. (Kapitein)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
10	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
11	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
12	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Present weather	ww		Weather description
17	Precipitation description	Precip descr
18	State of the sea description	State sea descr
19	Cloud type	Cloud type
20	Clearness	Clearness
21	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
22	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
23	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
24	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
25	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
27	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1796 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 - (1 If position is considered t...)	9 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	10 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	11 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	12 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 ww (Weather description)	17 Precip descr	18 State sea descr	19 Cloud type	20 Clearness	21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	22 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	25 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1849-06-03T00:00			68	4.6			1		3			ONO		3				V00		0	0	0	9126
1849-06-04T12:00	51.82	2.82	149	6.7	999.1	18.9	1	-20	4	66.00	29.50	ZTO		3-4	W42					0	0	1	9127
1849-06-05T12:00	50.58	-1.00	349	6.7	995.7	17.8	1	-22	4	64.00	29.40	NTO		4		W20		V05		0	1	0	9128
1849-06-06T12:00	49.98	-2.40	23	6.7	999.1	17.2	1	-22	4	63.00	29.50	NO		4			Z04		H10	0	0	0	9129
1849-06-07T12:00	48.55	-6.07	201	4.6	995.7	17.8		-24	3	64.00	29.40	ZW		3				V05		0	0	0	9130
1849-06-08T13:00	48.38	-8.38	119	6.7	992.3	16.7		-27	4	62.00	29.30	ZOTZ		4					H00	0	0	0	9131
1849-06-09T13:00	48.08	-10.10	7	9.3	988.9	17.8		-27	5	64.00	29.20	OTZ, NOTN		5		W20	Z01			0	1	0	9132
1849-06-10T13:00	46.18	-12.25	359	9.3	978.7	17.2		-24	5	63.00	28.90	NNO		5			Z00	V03	H00	0	0	0	9133
1849-06-11T13:00	43.20	-13.73	357	4.6	992.3	18.3		-26	3	65.00	29.30	NNO		3					H00	0	0	0	9134
1849-06-12T13:00	40.60	-15.22	347	6.7				-24	4			NTO		4					H00	0	0	0	9135
1849-06-13T13:00	38.07	-16.10	347	4.6	999.1	21.7		-24	3	71.00	29.50	NTO		3				V05		0	0	0	9136
1849-06-14T13:00	35.42	-16.65	349	2.6	1002.4	21.1		-22	2	70.00	29.60	NTO		2				V00		0	0	0	9137
1849-06-15T13:00	33.23	-17.30	46	9.3	1002.4	20.6		-22	5	69.00	29.60	ONO		5					H00	0	0	0	9138
1849-06-16T13:00	30.85	-19.13	24	12.3	1005.8	22.8		-21	6	73.00	29.70	NO		6					H01	0	0	0	9139
1849-06-17T13:00	28.03	-20.95	13	9.3	1002.4	22.8		-21	5	73.00	29.60	NOTN		5				V04		0	0	0	9140
1849-06-18T14:00	25.22	-22.93	49	6.7	999.1	22.2		-19	4	72.00	29.50	ONO		4				V04		0	0	0	9141
1849-06-19T14:00	22.83	-24.27	15	4.6	999.1	23.9		-19	3	75.00	29.50	NOTN		3					H00	0	0	0	9142
1849-06-20T14:00	20.28	-25.08	16	9.3	999.1	25.0		-18	5	77.00	29.50	NOTN		5				V05		0	0	0	9143
1849-06-21T14:00	17.50	-26.03	38	12.3	999.1	25.0		-18	6	77.00	29.50	NOTO		4-6					H00	0	0	0	9144
1849-06-22T14:00	14.58	-25.37	62	1.0	999.1	24.4		-17	1	76.00	29.50	OTN		1					H00	0	0	0	9145
1849-06-23T14:00	12.95	-24.77	6	4.6	999.1	26.1		-17	3	79.00	29.50	NNO		3						0	0	0	9146
1849-06-24T14:00	10.82	-23.62	52	6.7	999.1	24.4		-16	4	76.00	29.50	ONO		4				V04	H00	0	0	0	9147
1849-06-25T14:00	9.22	-22.92	344	2.6	995.7	27.2		-16	2	81.00	29.40	N		1-2				V05		0	0	0	9148
1849-06-26T14:00	8.65	-22.57	344	6.7	995.7	27.8		-16	4	82.00	29.40	N		4				V10		0	0	0	9149
1849-06-27T13:00	7.52	-22.05	50	9.3	995.7	28.3		-18	5	83.00	29.40	ONO		5	W01	W22				1	1	0	9150
1849-06-28T13:00	6.30	-21.65	186	6.7	995.7	27.8		-17	4	82.00	29.40	ZZW		4				V10	H00	0	0	0	9151
1849-06-29T13:00	5.37	-20.67	73	9.3	995.7	27.2		-17	5	81.00	29.40	ZTW, O		5				V10		0	0	0	9152
1849-06-30T13:00	4.65	-18.85	152	9.3	995.7	26.7		-17	5	80.00	29.40	ZTO		5				V10		0	0	0	9153
1849-07-01T13:00	4.30	-17.20	139	12.3	992.3	26.7		-19	6	80.00	29.30	ZZO		6			Z01	V01		0	0	0	9154
1849-07-02T13:00	3.28	-19.92	129	9.3	995.7	27.2		-17	5	81.00	29.40	ZOTZ		5					H00	0	0	0	9155
1849-07-03T13:00	1.37	-22.42	96	4.6	995.7	27.2		-17	3	81.00	29.40	OZO		3				V00, V01		0	0	0	9156
1849-07-04T14:00	-1.00	-23.38	120	12.3	995.7	26.1		-15	6	79.00	29.40	ZO		6			Z01			0	0	0	9157
1849-07-05T14:00	-4.05	-23.60	110	9.3	995.7	26.7		-14	5	80.00	29.40	ZOTO		5	W00					1	0	0	9158
1849-07-06T14:00	-6.80	-25.25	99	9.3	995.7	27.2		-14	5	81.00	29.40	OZO		5					H00	0	0	0	9159
1849-07-07T14:00	-9.38	-26.60	87	9.3	995.7	26.7		-14	5	80.00	29.40	OTZ		5				V00	H00	0	0	0	9160
1849-07-08T14:00	-12.27	-27.02	76	9.3	995.7	26.1		-14	5	79.00	29.40	O		5					H00	0	0	0	9161
1849-07-09T14:00	-15.25	-26.55	43	6.7	995.7	25.6		-13	4	78.00	29.40	NOTO		4				V00		0	0	0	9162
1849-07-10T14:00	-18.28	-25.98	32	9.3	999.1	24.4		-13	5	76.00	29.50	NO		5		W20		V10		0	1	0	9163
1849-07-11T14:00	-20.90	-23.25	32	6.7	999.1	24.4		-13	4	76.00	29.50	NO		4				BUIIGE LUCHT		0	0	0	9164
1849-07-12T13:00	-23.03	-21.53	30	9.3	999.1	24.4		-15	5	76.00	29.50	NO		5	W00	W20				1	1	0	9165
1849-07-13T13:00	-24.30	-19.72	30	6.7	999.1	24.4		-15	4	76.00	29.50	NO		4					H00	0	0	0	9166
1849-07-14T13:00	-26.22	-17.07	5	9.3	999.1	23.9		-18	5	75.00	29.50	NNO		5	W00, W30	W20				1	1	1	9167
1849-07-15T13:00	-27.65	-14.90	186	9.3	999.1	23.3		-17	5	74.00	29.50	ZZW		5					H00	0	0	0	9168
1849-07-16T13:00	-29.05	-12.42	126	9.3	1002.4	21.1		-20	5	70.00	29.60	ZOTZ		5					H00	0	0	0	9169
1849-07-17T13:00	-28.42	-9.93	25	1.0	1002.4	20.0		-20	1	68.00	29.60	NO	Z	1			Z04		H00	0	0	0	9170
1849-07-18T13:00	-29.10	-10.38	3	6.7	1005.8	21.1		-20	4	70.00	29.70	NNO		4				V00		0	0	0	9171
1849-07-19T13:00	-30.33	-8.70	25	12.3	1005.8	21.1		-20	6	70.00	29.70	NO		5-6				V05	H00	0	0	0	9172
1849-07-20T12:00	-32.27	-6.13	158	9.3	999.1	21.1		-22	5	70.00	29.50	Z		5				V03		0	0	0	9173
1849-07-21T12:00	-33.48	-2.98	148	9.3	1002.4	17.2		-21	5	63.00	29.60	ZTO		5					H00	0	0	0	9174
1849-07-22T12:00	-33.77	-0.12	66	2.6	1005.8	13.9		-24	2	57.00	29.70	O		2				V05		0	0	0	9175
1849-07-23T12:00	-33.93	0.55	111	4.6	1005.8	15.6		-24	3	60.00	29.70	ZO		3				V05		0	0	0	9176
1849-07-24T12:00	-35.18	1.47	246	6.7	995.7	15.6		-24	4	60.00	29.40	W		4			Z04	V01		0	0	0	9177
1849-07-25T12:00	-36.03	3.87	199	26.8	985.5	17.8		-26	10	64.00	29.10	ZW		8-10	W01		Z01			1	0	0	9178
1849-07-26T12:00	-36.23	7.20	154	15.4	992.3	12.2		-26	7	54.00	29.30	Z		8-7			Z02			0	0	0	9179
1849-07-27T11:00	-36.18	10.43	298	6.7	1005.8	11.7		-28	4	53.00	29.70	NWTN		4					H00	0	0	0	9180
1849-07-28T11:00	-36.93	13.95	264	19.0	1005.8	15.6		-29	8	60.00	29.70	WNW		10-8	W02		Z02			1	0	0	9181
1849-07-29T11:00	-37.87	17.68	240	26.8	992.3	17.2		-30	10	63.00	29.30	W		10	W02		Z01			1	0	0	9182
1849-07-30T11:00	-37.90	20.08	240	12.3	988.9	15.0		-30	6	59.00	29.20	W		6			Z01	V03		0	0	0	9183
1849-07-31T11:00	-38.02	22.33	330	12.3	1005.8	17.8		-30	6	64.00	29.70	N		5-6					H00	0	0	0	9184
1849-08-01T10:00	-37.87	25.95	329	6.7	1002.4	17.8		-31	4	64.00	29.60	N		4					H01	0	0	0	9185
1849-08-02T10:00	-38.12	28.82	307	19.0	1005.8	18.3		-31	8	65.00	29.70	NNW		8			Z01		H01	0	0	0	9186
1849-08-03T10:00	-38.55	34.07	318	22.6	995.7	18.3		-31	9	65.00	29.40	NTW		9	W02		Z01			1	0	0	9187
1849-08-04T09:00	-38.57	37.88	308	6.7	988.9	17.8		-30	4	64.00	29.20	NNW		4			Z01	V04		0	0	0	9188
1849-08-05T09:00	-38.77	40.70	128	4.6	999.1	17.8		-30	3	64.00	29.50	ZZO		3			Z01	V00, V01		0	0	0	9189
1849-08-06T09:00	-38.77	43.50	286	6.7	1005.8	16.7		-29	4	62.00	29.70	NNO, NW		3-4		W20				0	1	0	9190
1849-08-07T09:00	-38.82	44.88	309	26.8	999.1	16.7		-29	10	62.00	29.50	NNW		10			Z02	STORMBUIEN		0	0	0	9191
1849-08-08T09:00	-38.82	48.93	208	19.0	972.0	16.7		-28	8	62.00	28.70	ZWTW		8			Z02	V03		0	0	0	9192
1849-08-09T08:00	-38.58	53.35	266	6.7				-27	4			WNW		4					H00	0	0	0	9193
1849-08-10T08:00	-38.40	56.95	288	12.3	1005.8	13.3		-27	6	56.00	29.70	NW		6				BUIIG		0	0	0	9194
1849-08-11T08:00	-38.67	61.95	289	9.3	999.1	15.0		-26	5	59.00	29.50	NW		5	W00	W20				1	1	0	9195
1849-08-12T08:00	-38.67	66.67	200	9.3	992.3	15.6		-25	5	60.00	29.30	ZW		5					H00	0	0	0	9196
1849-08-13T07:00	-38.67	70.90	235	6.7	1002.4	14.4		-24	4	58.00	29.60	WTZ		4					H00	0	0	0	9197
1849-08-14T07:00	-38.28	75.43	180	6.7	1009.2	15.0		-23	4	59.00	29.80	ZZW		4				V10		0	0	0	9198
1849-08-15T07:00	-37.92	79.63	102	4.6	1009.2	13.9		-22	3	57.00	29.80	ZOTO		3				V00, V01		0	0	0	9199
1849-08-16T07:00	-36.87	82.22	6	4.6	1012.6	12.8		-17	3	55.00	29.90	NNO		3				V05		0	0	0	9200
1849-08-17T06:00	-36.73	83.38	344	9.3	1012.6	12.2		-16	5	54.00	29.90	N		4-5		W20		V05	H00	0	1	0	9201
1849-08-18T06:00	-35.88	87.13	333	9.3	1012.6	12.2		-16	5	54.00	29.90	NTW		5				V05	H00	0	0	0	9202
1849-08-19T06:00	-34.97	91.03	356	6.7	1009.2	13.9		-15	4	57.00	29.80	NTO		4					H00	0	0	0	9203
1849-08-20T06:00	-34.43	94.50	325	6.7	1005.8	15.0		-13	4	59.00	29.70	NNW		4					H00	0	0	0	9204
1849-08-21T05:00	-33.58	97.77	359	6.7	1005.8	15.0		-12	4	59.00	29.70	NTO		4				V03		0	0	0	9205
1849-08-22T05:00	-33.45	100.37		0.0	1002.4	16.1		-12	0	61.00	29.60			STIL, 8-0			Z01			0	0	0	9206
1849-08-23T05:00	-33.67	99.02	78	6.7	992.3	16.1		-12	4	61.00	29.30	O		4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9207
1849-08-24T05:00	-32.03	99.15	81	12.3	1002.4	16.1		-9	6	61.00	29.60	O		5-6				V01	H00	0	0	0	9208
1849-08-25T05:00	-29.40	100.62	92	9.3	1005.8	17.2		-9	5	63.00	29.70	OTZ		5				V10		0	0	0	9209
1849-08-26T05:00	-26.52	102.03	107	12.3	1005.8	18.3		-6	6	65.00	29.70	OZO		5-6				V10		0	0	0	9210
1849-08-27T05:00	-23.62	103.08	63	9.3	1002.4	20.0		-5	5	68.00	29.60	ONO		5	W01					1	0	0	9211
1849-08-28T05:00	-21.38	103.12	53	9.3	999.1	21.1		-3	5	70.00	29.50	NOTO		4-5					H00	0	0	0	9212
1849-08-29T05:00	-19.13	103.12	65	12.3	999.1	24.4		-3	6	76.00	29.50	ONO		5-6				V01		0	0	0	9213
1849-08-30T05:00	-17.02	103.10	89	9.3	999.1	25.0		-1	5	77.00	29.50	O		5				V10		0	0	0	9214
1849-08-31T05:00	-14.92	103.58	100	9.3	992.3	26.1		-1	5	79.00	29.30	OTZ		5				V05		0	0	0	9215
1849-09-01T05:00	-12.57	104.60	100	6.7	992.3	25.6		-1	4	78.00	29.30	OTZ		4				V00	H00	0	0	0	9216
1849-09-02T05:00	-9.78	105.32	135	6.7	992.3	27.2		0	4	81.00	29.30	ONO, ZO		5-4		W20		V05		0	1	0	9217
1849-09-03T05:00	-7.12	105.60	136	1.0				1	1			ZO		1				V00		0	0	0	9218
1849-09-05T05:00	-6.10	106.86					1	1												0	0	0	9219