García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ALFRED cruise from Simons Bay to Madras started at 1796-09-17 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747304, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -15.275357 * Median Longitude: 75.901964 * South-bound Latitude: -40.000000 * West-bound Longitude: 20.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 13.520000 * East-bound Longitude: 92.710000
Date/Time Start: 1796-09-17T11:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-11-11T07:00:00
Event(s):
Alfred_17960917_BL_L/MAR/B/140H * Latitude Start: -33.380000 * Longitude Start: 17.270000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1796-09-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-11-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Alfred, Voyage: Simons Bay - Madras, 1st Observer: James Farquharson (Captain), Company: Royal Navy
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
857 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1796-09-17T11:00 | -36.30 | 20.00 | 289 | S28E | 130.00 | -26 | NW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7267 | |||||||||
| 1796-09-18T10:00 | -37.60 | 22.61 | 288 | S56E | 144.00 | -27 | WBN, NW | MIDDLE AND LATTER, VARIABLE AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7268 | ||||||
| 1796-09-19T10:00 | -38.68 | 25.87 | 299 | S58E | 175.00 | -27 | WBN, NWBW, NWBN | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7269 | ||||||||
| 1796-09-20T10:00 | -39.42 | 29.67 | 252 | S68E | 184.00 | -29 | NBW, WBS, WBN | SQUALLY AT TIMES | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7270 | ||||||
| 1796-09-21T10:00 | -39.50 | 33.83 | 219 | S80E | 191.00 | -30 | W, WNW, WSW | SQUALLY | RAIN AT 4PM | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7271 | |||||||
| 1796-09-22T10:00 | -39.42 | 37.16 | 252 | S82E | 151.00 | -30 | WBN | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7272 | ||||||||
| 1796-09-23T09:00 | -39.43 | 39.89 | 353 | S85E | 122.00 | -30 | NW, NBE, NNE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7273 | ||||||||
| 1796-09-24T09:00 | -40.00 | 44.15 | 353 | S83E | 192.00 | -30 | NNE | RAIN AT 8AM | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7274 | |||||||
| 1796-09-25T09:00 | -39.68 | 48.29 | 286 | N84E | 186.00 | -29 | NNE, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTERLY DECREASING AND VARIABLE | RAIN AT 11AM | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7275 | ||||||
| 1796-09-26T09:00 | -38.77 | 49.41 | 84 | 1.0 | N40E | 72.00 | -29 | SBE, SSE, NEBE, ESE | LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7276 | |||||
| 1796-09-27T08:00 | -38.45 | 53.57 | 355 | 1.0 | N84E | 182.00 | -28 | NBE, NNE | LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE | FIRST PART THICK FOG | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7277 | |||||
| 1796-09-28T08:00 | -38.52 | 56.58 | 276 | N85E | 147.00 | -28 | NBE, NWBW | FIRST AND LATTER PART RAIN | MIDDLE FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7278 | |||||||
| 1796-09-29T08:00 | -38.15 | 59.88 | 266 | N87E | 150.00 | -27 | NWBN, N, WNW | VARIABLE | UNSETTLED | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7279 | |||||||
| 1796-09-30T08:00 | -38.13 | 63.50 | 256 | E | 166.00 | -25 | WBS, WBN | SQUALLY AT 3AM | RAIN AT 3AM | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7280 | ||||||
| 1796-10-01T08:00 | -37.20 | 67.30 | 260 | N80E | 178.00 | -21 | WBN | SQUALLY | RAIN AT TIMES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7281 | ||||||
| 1796-10-02T07:00 | -36.60 | 70.54 | 217 | N76E | 154.00 | -19 | WSW, WBN, SW, SWBW | VARIABLE WINDS | UNSETTLED | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7282 | ||||||
| 1796-10-03T07:00 | -36.12 | 73.52 | 287 | 6.7 | N78E | 141.00 | -17 | W, WBN, NNW, NWBW, | MODERATE AND STEADY BREEZES | RAIN AT NOON | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7283 | |||||
| 1796-10-04T07:00 | -35.75 | 77.33 | 264 | N80E | 182.00 | -17 | WBN, NW, WBN | CLOUDY, HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7284 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-05T07:00 | -34.87 | 80.70 | 220 | N73E | 166.00 | -16 | WSW, SWBW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY, MIDDLE CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7285 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-06T06:00 | -33.52 | 83.26 | 335 | N54E | 150.00 | -14 | WSW, NWBN, N, NNW, NBW | SQUALLY AT 4AM | RAIN AT 4AM | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7286 | ||||||
| 1796-10-07T06:00 | -31.73 | 85.02 | 362 | N37E | 138.00 | -10 | NNW, NBW, NNW, VARIABLE | DARK HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7287 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-08T06:00 | -29.95 | 85.91 | 305 | N21E | 112.00 | -10 | WBS, WNW, NW | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7288 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-09T06:00 | -27.97 | 86.56 | 215 | N13E | 122.00 | -10 | WSW, SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7289 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-10T06:00 | -26.10 | 87.14 | 128 | N13E | 108.00 | -7 | SSW, SBW, SSE, SE | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7290 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-11T06:00 | -23.57 | 87.68 | 95 | N9E | 145.00 | -6 | SE, EBS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7291 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-12T06:00 | -20.78 | 88.55 | 97 | N16E | 150.00 | -4 | ESE, EBS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7292 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-13T06:00 | -18.20 | 88.87 | 362 | N4E | 152.00 | -4 | EBS, VARIABLE | MIDDLE SQUALLY | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7293 | |||||||
| 1796-10-14T06:00 | -15.28 | 89.19 | 99 | N4E | 156.00 | -2 | EBS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7294 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-15T06:00 | -12.75 | 89.13 | 88 | N4W | 152.00 | -2 | SEBE, EBS, VARIABLE, E | MIDDLE SQUALLY | MIDDLE RAIN | FAIR, MIDDLE HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7295 | ||||||
| 1796-10-16T06:00 | -9.83 | 89.34 | 68 | 9.3 | N2E | 151.00 | 0 | ENE | MODERATE TRADE, SQUALLY AT TIMES | MIDLDE RAIN | FIRST PART CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7296 | |||||
| 1796-10-17T06:00 | -7.65 | 89.59 | 90 | N3E | 131.00 | 0 | E | SMALL RAIN AT 2PM | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7297 | |||||||
| 1796-10-18T06:00 | -5.55 | 89.72 | 362 | N | 126.00 | 1 | SEBE, NBW, VARIABLE | RAIN AT TIMES | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7298 | |||||||
| 1796-10-19T06:00 | -4.13 | 90.66 | 1 | N30E | 98.00 | 1 | EBS, WBS, NW, NNW, N | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7299 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-20T06:00 | -4.13 | 91.94 | 350 | 2.6 | N84E | 69.00 | 1 | NE, NBE, NNE, NNW, NBW | LIGHT WINDS | UNSETTLED | CONFUSED SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7300 | |||||
| 1796-10-21T06:00 | -4.23 | 92.69 | 362 | 2.6 | S83E | 37.00 | 1 | NBE, NBW, NNW, VARIABLE | LIGHT WINDS AND CALMS | MUCH RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7301 | |||||
| 1796-10-22T06:00 | -3.93 | 92.63 | 271 | 1.0 | N26W | 26.00 | 1 | VARIABLE, W, | LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE WITH CALMS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7302 | ||||||
| 1796-10-23T06:00 | -2.52 | 92.28 | 125 | N20W | 85.00 | 1 | VARIABLE, NWBW, SEBE | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7303 | |||||||
| 1796-10-24T06:00 | -0.67 | 92.40 | 81 | N | 98.00 | 2 | E, NE, EBN | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7304 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-25T06:00 | 0.27 | 92.43 | 193 | N9W | 40.00 | 2 | NEBE, NE, VARIABLE, SBW | LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7305 | |||||||
| 1796-10-26T06:00 | 1.42 | 92.71 | 271 | N8E | 67.00 | 1 | S, VARIABLE, WBS, WSW, SWBW, W | RAIN AT TIMES | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7306 | |||||||
| 1796-10-27T06:00 | 3.40 | 92.67 | 283 | N5W | 120.00 | 2 | WNW, VARIABLE, WBS, WBN | SQUALLY | NOON THICK | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7307 | |||||
| 1796-10-28T06:00 | 4.83 | 92.53 | 250 | N11W | 86.00 | 2 | WBS, WNW, WSW | FIRST PART SQUALLY | FIRST PART RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7308 | ||||||
| 1796-10-29T06:00 | 5.92 | 92.25 | 250 | N21W | 70.00 | 2 | SWBW, NW, VARIABLE, WSW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7309 | ||||||||
| 1796-10-30T06:00 | 6.90 | 91.64 | 205 | GREAT NICOBAR ISLAND | EBN1/2N | 8 | N43W | 64.00 | 2 | SWBW, VARIABLE, SSW | SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7310 | ||||
| 1796-10-31T06:00 | 8.55 | 90.90 | 238 | 1.0 | N35W | 89.00 | 2 | SSW, W, SWBW | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7311 | ||||||
| 1796-11-01T06:00 | 9.60 | 90.45 | 295 | N34W | 60.00 | 2 | SWBW, WSW, SWBS, WNW | LATTER SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7312 | ||||||
| 1796-11-02T06:00 | 10.27 | 90.11 | 261 | N31W | 54.00 | 2 | SWBW, WSW, WBS | SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7313 | ||||||
| 1796-11-03T06:00 | 10.13 | 89.22 | 351 | S85W | 60.00 | 2 | WSW, NNW, NBW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7314 | ||||||||
| 1796-11-04T06:00 | 9.60 | 88.70 | 328 | S50W | 50.00 | 2 | NW, NNW, NWBW, NWBN | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7315 | ||||||||
| 1796-11-05T06:00 | 9.63 | 88.28 | 47 | N84W | 32.00 | 2 | NWBW, NNW, NBE, NE | FIRST PART CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7316 | ||||||||
| 1796-11-06T06:00 | 9.85 | 87.91 | 47 | 1.0 | N60W | 34.00 | 2 | EBN, E, NE | LIGHT AIRS | FIRST PART CLEAR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7317 | ||||||
| 1796-11-07T06:00 | 10.25 | 87.32 | 70 | 1.0 | N58W | 50.00 | 2 | NNE, VARIABLE, ENE | LIGHT VARIABLE AIRS | RAIN AT 2AM | FIRST PART CLEAR, REMAINDER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7318 | |||||
| 1796-11-08T06:00 | 10.58 | 87.10 | 137 | 0.0 | N50W | 28.00 | 2 | ENE, WSW, SEBE, SE | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE, MIDDLE AND LATTER CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7319 | |||||||
| 1796-11-09T06:00 | 11.67 | 86.11 | 126 | N47W | 91.00 | 2 | SBE, ESE, SEBE | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7320 | ||||||||
| 1796-11-10T06:00 | 13.27 | 83.47 | 47 | 19.0 | N60W | 187.00 | 2 | ESE, VARIABLE, E, NE | FRESH GALES | UNSETTLED AND DISAGREEABLE WEATHER | FIRST PART RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7321 | |||||
| 1796-11-11T07:00 | 13.52 | 80.35 | 24 | PELLICAT | SWBS | 4 | N86W | 190.00 | 1 | NE, ENE, NNE | SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7322 |