Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 30.805000 * Median Longitude: -31.407381 * South-bound Latitude: 12.530000 * West-bound Longitude: -68.870000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.430000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.470000

Date/Time Start: 1848-08-13T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-10-08T00:00:00

Event(s):

Adder_18480813_MAR_D23905_20 * Latitude Start: 40.670000 * Longitude Start: -74.040000 * Latitude End: 49.000000 * Longitude End: -6.320000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-08-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-10-08T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Adder (Schoener), Voyage: New York - The Netherlands, 1st Observer: Volmer Knollaert (Ltz), Company: MAR

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
10	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
11	Landmark	Landmark		Name of second landmark
12	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the second landmark
13	Landmark	Landmark		Name of third landmark
14	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the third landmark
15	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
16	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
17	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
18	Comment	Comment		Life on board
19	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
20	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
21	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
22	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
23	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
24	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
25	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
26	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
27	Present weather	ww		Weather description
28	Precipitation description	Precip descr
29	State of the sea description	State sea descr
30	Cloud type	Cloud type
31	Clearness	Clearness
32	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
33	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
34	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
35	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
36	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
37	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
38	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
39	Comment	Comment
40	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1100 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	11 Landmark (Name of second landmark)	12 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark)	13 Landmark (Name of third landmark)	14 Bearing (Bearing of the third landmark)	15 - (1 If position is considered t...)	16 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...)	17 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...)	18 Comment (Life on board)	19 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	20 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	21 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	22 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	23 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	24 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	25 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	26 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	27 ww (Weather description)	28 Precip descr	29 State sea descr	30 Cloud type	31 Clearness	32 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	33 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	39 Comment	40 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1848-08-13T12:00	49.43	-5.47	361	1.0	1017.3	18.9									VM	8		WZW 1/4 W	8.75		-25	66.00	763.00	WZW-ZW-STIL	FLAUWE KOELTE EN STIL				DIKKE MISTIGE LUCHT, LATER OPKLARENDE		0	0		816
1848-08-14T12:00	49.23	-6.23	200	6.7	1010.7	18.9									VM	8		ZWTW 3/4 W			-25	66.00	758.00	W-ZW	STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE		REGEN		WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT, LATER OPKLARENDE		0	1		817
1848-08-15T13:00	49.37	-7.72	198	4.6	1013.3	19.4									VM	8		W 3/4 N	14.00	HET BESTEK OVERGEBRACHT VAN DE KAART VH KANAAL OP DE OVERZEILDER VD ATLANTISCHE OCEAAN VAN PURDY	-27	67.00	760.00	WTZ-ZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE		WEINIG REGEN		LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT, BUIJIGE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	1		818
1848-08-16T13:00	48.05	-9.38	254	4.6	1016.0	17.8	KAAP ORTEGAL (GIS)	ZTO 1/4 O	64						VM	8		ZW 3/8 Z	25.75	WARE BEKOMEN LENGTE IS TIJDMETER LENGTE	-27	64.00	762.00	NWTW-WTN	ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTE				WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT EN BUIJIGE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		819
1848-08-17T13:00	46.18	-10.67	212	4.6	1022.7	19.4	KAAP ORTEGAL (GIS)	ZO 1/3 Z	45						VM	8		ZZW 1/4 W	31.00		-24	67.00	767.00	WTZ-ZWTW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE				OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT EN MISTIGE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		820
1848-08-18T13:00	45.82	-11.98	179	4.6	1014.7	20.0	KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)	ZO 3/4 Z	52						VM	8		WZW 1/8 W	15.25	BEKOMEN GEGISTE BREEDTE. ER STAAT 45° 54, 5 --> DUS 30. BLIJF 5 NOTEREN, OMDAT IK DAT HIERVOOR OOK GEDAAN HEB. DIT IS DUS NIET CORRECT! ER STAAT OOK: WL 12° 4, 9	-24	68.00	761.00	ZWTZ-ZZW	ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER		HOGE DEINING UIT WNW	OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT		0	0		821
1848-08-19T13:00	45.22	-13.03	300	4.6	1017.3	17.2	KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)	ZO 1/2 O	51						VM	8		ZW 1/2 W	14.00		-26	63.00	763.00	NWTW-NWTN	BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER			LICHTE WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		822
1848-08-20T13:00	44.15	-14.37	177	4.6	1022.7	20.6	KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)	OZO 1/2 O	53						VM	8		ZW 1/4 Z	21.50		-26	69.00	767.00	Z-ZZW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER			WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT EN OPHELDERENDE		0	0		823
1848-08-21T13:00	42.80	-15.42	210	4.6	1024.0	22.2	ST MARIE (AZOREN) (GIS)	ZW 1/2 W	138						VM	8		ZZW 5/8 W	23.25		-26	72.00	768.00	WZW-ZWTW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER			WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT, LATER OPKLARENDE		0	0		824
1848-08-22T13:00	40.15	-16.07	235	1.0	1026.7	22.8	ST MARY (VLAAMSE EILANDEN) (GIS)	ZWTW 3/4 W	115						VM	8		ZTW W/Z Z	40.50	GEGISTE BREEDTE IS IN ORIGINEEL 40° 32, 5 EN GEGISTE LENGTE IS 16° 4, 6. DIT WORDT IN HET VERVOLG INGEVOERD ALS BOVEN. WARE BEKOMEN LENGTE IS TIJDMETER LENGTE	-24	73.00	770.00	WNW-WTZ	FLAUWE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE					HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		825
1848-08-23T13:00	37.98	-18.08	280	4.6	1026.7	22.8	ST MARY (GIS)	WTZ W/Z W	84						VM	8		ZW 7/8 Z	40.00		-24	73.00	770.00	WNW-NWTW	BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FLAUWE KOELTE	GOED WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		826
1848-08-24T13:00	36.88	-19.55	112	1.0	1030.7	25.0									VM	8		ZW 1/8 W	24.00		-23	77.00	773.00	O-ZO	FLAUWE KOELTE	GOED WEER			WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		827
1848-08-25T13:00	36.42	-20.48	112	1.0	1032.0	25.0	W PUNT MADERA (GIS)	ZO 7/8 Z	69						VM	8		ZWTW 1/8 W	13.50		-23	77.00	774.00	ZO	FLAUWE KOELTE EN STIL				LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		828
1848-08-26T13:00	35.68	-21.37	112	1.0	1028.0	25.6	MADERA (GIS)	ZO 1/2 O	67						VM	8		ZW 1/8 Z	15.25		-23	78.00	771.00	ZO	FLAUWE KOELTE					HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		829
1848-08-27T13:00	35.52	-21.65	202	0.0	1024.0	25.6	W PUNT MADERA (GIS)	ZO 7/8 O	70						VM	8		ZWTW 1/8 W	4.75		-23	78.00	768.00	STIL, LATER ZW EN ZWTW	STIL EN FLAUW	MOOI WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		830
1848-08-28T13:00	34.24	-21.35	202	2.6	1022.7	25.0	W PUNT MADERA (GIS)	OZO	55						VM	8		ZTO 1/4 O	19.75		-23	77.00	767.00	WZW-ZW	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		831
1848-08-29T13:00	32.67	-21.57	213	2.6	1022.7	25.6	PALMA (CANARIES) (GIS)	ZO 3/4 Z	76						VM	8		Z 1/2 W	24.75		-23	78.00	767.00	W-ZWTW	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FLAUWE KOELTE				OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		832
1848-08-30T14:00	31.32	-22.65	272	1.0	1022.7	25.6	PALMA (CANARIES) (GIS)	ZOTO W/Z O	70						VM	8		ZWTZ	24.75	BIJ TEMP. EN BARO STAAT STEEDS EEN 3E METING: GEOBS. MIDD. H.= 67° 20 (NIET OVERGENOMEN)	-21	78.00	767.00	WZW-WNW	FLAUW EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER			OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		833
1848-08-31T14:00	29.45	-23.75	260	4.6	1018.7	25.0									VM	8		ZZW 3/8 W	31.50		-21	77.00	764.00	W-WTN	BRAMZEILSKOELTE				OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		834
1848-09-01T14:00	27.80	-24.78	238	2.6	1018.7	25.0									VM	8		ZZW 1/2 W	28.00		-21	77.00	764.00	W-WTZ	ONGESTADIGE FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		835
1848-09-02T14:00	27.40	-25.83	82	1.0	1022.7	26.1									VM	8		WZW	15.00		-19	79.00	767.00	STIL EN ONO-OTZ	STIL-FLAUWE KOELTE			ZWARE DEINING	DIKKE BEWOLKTE LUCHT		0	0		836
1848-09-03T14:00	27.27	-26.57	361	0.0	1021.3	26.1									VM	8		WZW 3/4 W	10.25		-19	79.00	766.00	STIL	STIL			DEINING		HELDERE LUCHT EN BETROKKEN IN DE KIM	0	0		837
1848-09-04T14:00	27.05	-27.50	140	2.6	1024.0	26.1									VM	8		WZW 3/4 W	13.00		-18	79.00	768.00	ZTO-ZZO	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FLAUWE KOELTE	GOED WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		838
1848-09-05T14:00	26.58	-29.37	61	2.6	1024.0	26.1									VM	8		WZW 5/8 W	26.25		-18	79.00	768.00	ONO-OTN	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		839
1848-09-06T14:00	26.14	-31.47	50	2.6	1022.7	25.6									VM	8		WTZ IETS Z	29.00		-18	78.00	767.00	OTN-ONO	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER			WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		840
1848-09-07T14:00	25.73	-33.37	63	2.6	1022.7	26.1									VM	8		WZW 7/8 W	26.25		-16	79.00	767.00	OZO-ZOTZ-OTN	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		841
1848-09-08T14:00	25.53	-34.32	344	1.0	1024.0	26.1									VM	8		WZW 3/4 W	13.25		-16	79.00	768.00	NO-N	FLAUWE KOELTE					HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		842
1848-09-09T14:00	25.34	-35.97	52	2.6	1021.3	26.1									VM	8		W 5/8 Z	22.25		-16	79.00	766.00	OTN-ONO	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	MOOI WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		843
1848-09-10T14:00	25.23	-37.38	344	2.6	1020.0	26.7	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/2 W	378						VM	8		W 1/2 Z	19.25		-16	80.00	765.00	ONO-N	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				BEWOLKTE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		844
1848-09-11T15:00	25.17	-39.10	76	2.6	1022.7	26.7	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/4 W	351						VM	8		W 3/4 Z	23.50		-14	80.00	767.00	NTO-O	FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER				HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		845
1848-09-12T15:00	24.42	-41.65	76	4.6	1022.7	27.2	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/2 W	315						VM	8		WZW 1/4 W	36.00		-14	81.00	767.00	OTZ-O	BRAMZEILSKOELTE				LICHT OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDER	0	0		846
1848-09-13T15:00	24.00	-44.53	79	6.7	1020.0	27.8	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/3 W	278						VM	8		WZW 3/4 W	40.00		-11	82.00	765.00	O	MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE		REGEN		OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT EN BUIJIGE LUCHT		0	1		847
1848-09-14T15:00	23.48	-46.63	102	4.9	1022.7	27.8	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/4 W	248									WZW 5/8 W	29.75		-11	82.00	767.00	O-OZO	FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE	GOED WEER, AFBUIENDE			WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	1	0		848
1848-09-15T15:00	22.72	-49.35	127	4.9	1021.3	27.8	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/3 W	208						VM	8		WZW 1/2 W	39.25		-8	82.00	766.00	OZO-ZO	FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE					HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		849
1848-09-16T15:00	21.40	-52.35	62	6.7	1020.0	28.3	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/3 W	160						VM	8		ZWTW 5/8 W	46.00		-6	83.00	765.00	ONO	MARSZEILSKOELTE				OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT EN BUIJIGE LUCHT		0	0		850
1848-09-17T16:00	20.17	-55.00	65	6.7	1018.7	28.3	ST MARTIN (GIS)	WZW 1/2 W	118						VM	8		ZWTW 5/8 W	41.75		-3	83.00	764.00	ONO	STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		851
1848-09-18T16:00	18.72	-57.90	55	12.3	1014.7	28.3	ST MARTIN (GIS)	W 1/2 Z	73						VM	8		WZW 1/2 W	46.50		-1	83.00	761.00	NOTO	STIJF GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE			HOGE ZEE	OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT, BUIJIGE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		852
1848-09-19T16:00	18.23	-61.23	22	6.7	1013.3	27.2	ST MARTIN (GIS)	W 1/3 Z	24						VM	8		W 3/4 Z	48.00		-1	81.00	760.00	NO-NNO	ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE		REGEN		BUIJIGE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	1		853
1848-09-20T16:00	18.19	-62.77	1	2.6	1012.0	29.2	ST BARTHELOMEUS	ZWTW		ST BARTHELOMEUS	Z 3/4 W	ANGUILLA	W 1/2 N	1	VM	8		W 1/8 Z	20.00	KOERS EN VERHEID IS GEGIST. PEILING ST. MARTIN N PUNT W 3/4 N GEEFT 62° 48, 5 WL EN ST. BARTHOLEMEUS O HOEK ZTW TIJDMETER 62° 46. DIT IS 2,5 TE OOSTELIJK	1	84.50	759.00	NOTN-N	STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE					HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		854
1848-09-21T00:00			361		1017.3	28.9	Z PUNT ST. MARTIN	O 3/4 N		SABA	ZTO 1/2 O			1	VM	8	EXTRA OORLAM					84.00	763.00	STIL						HEIJIG	0	0		855
1848-10-05T16:00	15.65	-65.28	138	4.6	1018.7	28.9	NO HOEK BONAIRE (GIS)	ZW 1/2 Z	68									ZW 3/8 W	37.00	3 BIJ GEGISTE LENGTE ZIJN SECONDEN	3	84.00	764.00	ZO	ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				BUIJIGE LUCHT EN OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		856
1848-10-06T16:00	14.50	-67.10	138	6.7	1020.0	28.9	BONAIRE (GIS)	ZWTZ W/Z Z	39						VM	8		ZWTW	31.50		3	84.00	765.00	ZO	STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE				LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0		857
1848-10-07T17:00	12.53	-68.87	139	4.6	1020.0	30.0	ST CHRISTOFFEL	ZW 1/2 W		BONAIRE	ZZO 1/2 O				VM	8		ZW 1/4 Z	39.00		4	86.00	765.00	OZO-ZO	BRAMZEILSKOELTE				LICHT OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT	HELDERE LUCHT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	858
1848-10-08T00:00			101	4.6										1	VM	8								OTZ	ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE					HELDERE LUCHT	0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	859