García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ACTIVE cruise from St. Johns to Spithead started at 1777-09-07 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747151, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 45.984348 * Median Longitude: -37.483478 * South-bound Latitude: 42.600000 * West-bound Longitude: -51.070000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.880000 * East-bound Longitude: -9.020000
Date/Time Start: 1777-09-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-10-24T13:00:00
Event(s):
Active_17770907_NMM_ADM/L/A17 * Latitude Start: 47.670000 * Longitude Start: -52.270000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1777-09-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-10-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Active (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns, Newfoundland - Spithead, 1st Observer: William Williams (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
915 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1777-09-07T00:00 | 360 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | WBS | 8 | W, WSW, N | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 347 | ||||||||
| 1777-09-08T15:00 | 47.47 | -50.78 | 163 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | N84W | 22 | S73E | 42.00 | -17 | SBE, E, S | FRESH BREEZES | NW SWELL | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 348 | ||
| 1777-09-09T15:00 | 47.58 | -48.27 | 270 | CAPE SPEAR | W55 | 55 | N86E | 103.00 | -23 | S, W, WNW | FRESH | CLOUDY, NOON FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 349 | ||||
| 1777-09-10T15:00 | 46.18 | -47.42 | 320 | CAPE SPEAR | N67:24W | 73 | S23E | 91.00 | -18 | WNW, WBS, NNW | FRESH | CLOUDY, NOON FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 350 | ||||
| 1777-09-11T15:00 | 45.85 | -46.08 | 297 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N80W | 95 | S70E | 58.00 | -18 | NNW, NW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 351 | ||||
| 1777-09-12T15:00 | 45.50 | -44.55 | 185 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N78:30W | 117 | S70E | 63.00 | -18 | NW, S, SSW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 352 | ||||
| 1777-09-13T15:00 | 45.67 | -43.68 | 173 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N80W | 129 | N74E | 38.00 | -18 | WSW, SBW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, NOON LIGHT AIRS | NOON PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 353 | |||
| 1777-09-14T15:00 | 45.67 | -43.08 | 252 | CAPE RACE | N81W | 137 | E | 25.00 | -18 | VARIABLE, WSW, W | FRESH, AT 2 SQUALLY | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 354 | |||
| 1777-09-15T15:00 | 46.75 | -42.52 | 342 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | S89:15W | 127 | N20E | 70.00 | -18 | WNW, NNW, N | LIGHT AIRS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 355 | |||
| 1777-09-16T15:00 | 46.55 | -44.70 | 27 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N88W | 113 | S82W | 92.00 | -18 | NNE, NE | MODERATE | PLEASANT | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 356 | ||
| 1777-09-17T15:00 | 47.18 | -46.17 | 27 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | S83W | 89 | N58W | 71.00 | -18 | NEBN, NE | MODERATE | PLEASANT | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 357 | ||
| 1777-09-18T15:00 | 46.85 | -45.63 | 50 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | S87:44W | 93 | S48E | 30.00 | -18 | NE, ENE | MODERATE | PLEASANT | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 358 | ||
| 1777-09-19T15:00 | 46.03 | -48.40 | 62 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N78W | 61 | WSW | 25.00 | -17 | EBS, EBN | LIGHT AIRS | PLEASANT | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 359 | ||
| 1777-09-20T15:00 | 45.57 | -51.07 | 118 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N47W | 33 | S76W | 120.00 | -17 | EBN, ESE, SE | MODERATE | CLOUDY, NOON HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 360 | |||
| 1777-09-21T15:00 | 46.02 | -49.23 | 186 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N75W | 51 | N38W | 34.00 | -17 | SSW | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 361 | ||||
| 1777-09-22T15:00 | 46.67 | -49.58 | 231 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | W | 49 | N | 30.00 | -17 | SW, WSW | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 362 | ||||
| 1777-09-23T15:00 | 46.60 | -49.58 | 242 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | W | 43 | S | 4.00 | -17 | WBS | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 363 | |||
| 1777-09-24T15:00 | 45.35 | -49.43 | 62 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N60W | 53 | S5E | 76.00 | -17 | NNE, ESE, EBN | LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 364 | |||
| 1777-09-25T15:00 | 44.12 | -49.43 | 321 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N42W | 70 | S | 74.00 | -17 | SBE, NNW | MODERATE | CLOUDY, NOON CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 365 | |||
| 1777-09-26T15:00 | 44.80 | -48.95 | 28 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N55W | 65 | N8W | 21.00 | -17 | SBW, NE | MODERATE | RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 366 | ||
| 1777-09-27T15:00 | 44.45 | -48.88 | 186 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N50:44W | 70 | NNW | 22.00 | -17 | SBE, SSW | FRESH , NOON LIGHT AIRS | NOON MUCH RAIN | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 367 | ||
| 1777-09-28T15:00 | 45.00 | -48.67 | 84 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N60W | 66 | ENE | 15.00 | -17 | WNW, EBS | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 368 | ||||
| 1777-09-29T15:00 | 44.62 | -45.60 | 83 | CAPE RACE | N67W | 107 | S80E | 132.00 | -18 | E, EBS | FRESH | N SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 369 | |||
| 1777-09-30T15:00 | 44.33 | -42.93 | 342 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | N68W | 146 | S70E | 120.00 | -18 | E, WBS, N | FRESH, THEN STRONG GALES, NOON LITTLE WIND | N SWELL | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 370 | ||
| 1777-10-01T15:00 | 43.80 | -44.37 | 320 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N64W | 130 | S45W | 89.00 | -18 | NWBN, NNW | FRESH BREEZES, NOON STRONG GALES | HEAVY SEA FROM NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 371 | ||
| 1777-10-02T15:00 | 44.25 | -43.85 | 252 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N70W | 133 | N41E | 36.00 | -18 | SBW, S, SW, WSW, W | 5PM STRONG GALES, AT 9 SQUALLY | VERY HEAVY SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 372 | |||
| 1777-10-03T15:00 | 44.10 | -41.00 | 296 | 26.8 | CAPE RACE | N72:47W | 173 | S86E | 123.00 | -19 | WBN, WNW, NW | VERY STRONG GALES WITH FREQUENT HEAVY SQUALLS | HEAVY SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 373 | |||
| 1777-10-04T15:00 | 43.98 | -39.92 | 195 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N73W | 188 | S81E | 48.00 | -19 | SWBS | FRESH GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS, NOON MORE MODERATE BUT SQUALLY AT TIMES | LIGHTNING IN THE SW | AM HEAVY RAIN | GREAT SEA | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 374 |
| 1777-10-05T15:00 | 43.05 | -40.45 | 251 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N67:32W | 189 | S20W | 60.00 | -19 | NW, NWBW, W | FRESH BREEZES WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 375 | |||
| 1777-10-06T15:00 | 42.60 | -39.70 | 285 | CAPE RACE | N66W | 203 | S51E | 43.00 | -19 | SWBW, WNW, NWBW | FRESH , NOON SQUALLY | NOON RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 376 | |||
| 1777-10-07T15:00 | 42.80 | -39.18 | 307 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N68W | 210 | N65E | 28.00 | -19 | NW, NNW, NWBN | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, NOON STRONG GALES | GREAT SEA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 377 | |||
| 1777-10-08T15:00 | 43.43 | -38.77 | 206 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N74:29W | 210 | N15E | 71.00 | -19 | NNW, NBW, SW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS, NOON MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN, MIDDLE AND LATTER FREQUENT SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 378 | |||
| 1777-10-09T15:00 | 44.30 | -38.82 | 319 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N76W | 202 | N3W | 52.00 | -19 | WSW, SW, NW, NNW | MODERATE, SQUALLY, 12M CALMS AND SQUALLS, NOON STRONG GALES | RAIN, 12PM MUCH RAIN | GREAT NW SWELL | CLOUDY, 12PM LOOKED VERY BLACK | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 379 | |
| 1777-10-10T14:00 | 44.55 | -37.23 | 319 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N79W | 220 | N72E | 49.00 | -19 | NBW, NWBN, NNW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | NOON RAIN | HEAVY SEA FROM NW | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 380 | ||
| 1777-10-11T14:00 | 45.30 | -33.63 | 229 | 22.6 | CAPE CLEAR | N76E | 381 | N73E | 160.00 | -19 | NNW, NW, WSW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 381 | |||
| 1777-10-12T14:00 | 46.17 | -29.32 | 306 | 19.0 | CAPE CLEAR | N76:15E | 319 | N74E | 191.00 | -20 | WSW, WNW, NWBN | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 382 | |||
| 1777-10-13T14:00 | 46.17 | -27.15 | 273 | 6.7 | CAPE CLEAR | N75E | 292 | N87E | 90.00 | -20 | WSW, NNW, NWBN, WNW | FRESH GALES, AM LIGHT WINDS WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS, NOON MODERATE | AM MUCH RAIN | CLOUDY, NOON FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 383 | ||
| 1777-10-14T14:00 | 47.10 | -23.83 | 3 | 22.6 | CAPE CLEAR | N76E | 242 | ENE | 141.00 | -20 | N, NNW, NBE, NNE | FRESH, NOON STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | GREAT NW SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 384 | ||
| 1777-10-15T14:00 | 46.95 | -22.75 | 93 | 1.0 | CAPE CLEAR | N75E | 228 | S78E | 46.00 | -20 | NNE, NEBN, NE, ESE | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, NOON LIGHT AIRS | RAIN | NOON FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 385 | ||
| 1777-10-16T13:00 | 48.43 | -19.57 | 157 | LIZARD | N80E | 178 | NEBE | 158.00 | -23 | SSE, SBW, S | LIGHT AIRS, NOON SQUALLY | NOON RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 386 | |||
| 1777-10-17T13:00 | 49.13 | -15.78 | 236 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N82E | 125 | N74E | 155.00 | -23 | NW, WNW, WBS | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, NOON MODERATE | NOON FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 387 | |||
| 1777-10-18T13:00 | 49.55 | -11.73 | 146 | LIZARD | N83:41E | 72 | N81:40E | 161.00 | -23 | SW, SSW, SBE | MODERATE, AT 10 FRESH | FAIR, AT 10 CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 388 | ||||
| 1777-10-19T13:00 | 49.88 | -9.02 | 168 | 19.0 | LIZARD | N83:20E | 46 | N79E | 108.00 | -23 | SBE, S, SBW | FRESH GALES | MUCH RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 389 | ||
| 1777-10-20T13:00 | 48.93 | -10.18 | 112 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N69E | 57 | S39W | 74.00 | -23 | SBE, SSE, SE | AM STRONG GALES | DARK HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 390 | |||
| 1777-10-21T13:00 | 48.90 | -11.38 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N72E | 72 | S88W | 48.00 | -23 | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 391 | ||||||
| 1777-10-22T13:00 | 48.58 | -11.65 | 78 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N70E | 76 | NNE | 20.00 | -23 | ESE, EBS | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 392 | ||||
| 1777-10-23T13:00 | 48.52 | -10.33 | 337 | 1.0 | LIZARD | N62E | 61 | S86E | 54.00 | -23 | NBE, NNE, N | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 393 | |||
| 1777-10-24T13:00 | -8.78 | 11 | 1.0 | LIZARD | N69:40E | 37 | N65E | 80.00 | NBW, NNW, NBE | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 394 |