García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during WALPOLE cruise from Point Palmira to Uk started at 1751-02-01 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747139, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -16.088864 * Median Longitude: 16.006136 * South-bound Latitude: -35.620000 * West-bound Longitude: -18.750000 * North-bound Latitude: 3.330000 * East-bound Longitude: 89.250000
Event(s):
Walpole_17510201_BL_L/MAR/B/293H * Latitude Start: 3.330000 * Longitude Start: 89.160000 * Latitude End: 49.450000 * Longitude End: -5.630000 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Walpole, Start of voyage: 1751-02-12, End of voyage: 1751-06-26, Voyage: Point Palmira - Uk, 1st Observer: Benjamin Lowe (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Fea (1st Officer/Master), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 32G 498BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Date/time start | Date/time start | ||||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
781 data points
Data
| 1 Date/time start | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 ww (Weather description) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 Comment | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1751-02-12T06:00 | 3.33 | 89.16 | 349 | 1.0 | S6W | 49.00 | 0 | NNW, N, NBW, SSE, NBW | N | FIRST VARIABLE, MID AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS | FIRST VERY UNSETTLED, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273672 | |||||||
| 1751-02-13T06:00 | 2.82 | 89.16 | 79 | 1.0 | S | 37.00 | 0 | N, NEBN, ENE, EBN | LIGHT AIRS | LARGE SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273673 | |||||||
| 1751-02-14T06:00 | 2.53 | 89.11 | 124 | 1.0 | S1/2W | 32.00 | 0 | ENE, EBS, CALM, SEBE | LIGHT AIRS | HOT AND SULTRY | LARGE SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273674 | |||||||
| 1751-02-15T06:00 | 2.33 | 89.10 | 360 | 1.0 | S1/2W | 13.00 | 0 | ESE, SW, SE, CALM, N | LIGHT AIRS AND CHIEFLY CALM | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | DARK CLOUDY, TOWRDS MORNING FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 273675 | ||||||
| 1751-02-16T06:00 | 1.83 | 89.08 | 135 | 1.0 | S2W | 30.00 | 0 | NNE, CALM, NW, N, SE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | HOT AND SULTRY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273676 | ||||||||
| 1751-02-17T06:00 | 1.07 | 89.16 | 360 | 1.0 | S7E | 42.00 | 0 | NE, SSW, SW, NW, N | FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS, MD PLEASANT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273677 | ||||||||
| 1751-03-11T06:00 | 0.50 | 89.25 | 361 | S | 58.00 | 0 | ENE, VARIABLE, EBS, CALM | VARIABLE AND VERY UNSETTLED SQUALLY | THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | RAIN | LARGE SWELL FROM THE S | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 273678 | ||||||
| 1751-05-09T11:00 | -35.62 | 18.78 | 94 | 9.3 | S86W | 70.00 | -19 | SWBW, WBS, SSW, SBE, ESE | FIRST VARIABLE, MID AND LATTER SPRUNG UP A PLEASANT GALE | TUMBLING SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273679 | |||||||
| 1751-05-10T11:00 | -34.58 | 17.48 | 231 | 4.6 | NW1/2W | 101.00 | -17 | ESE, WSW | FIRST PLEASANT GALES, MID AND LATTE LIGHT GALES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273680 | |||||||
| 1751-05-11T11:00 | -33.75 | 16.73 | 231 | 2.6 | N50W | 59.00 | -17 | WSW, SWBS, SWBW, WSW | LIGHT BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273681 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-12T11:00 | -32.30 | 15.62 | 230 | 9.3 | N38W | 108.00 | -18 | WBS, W, WSW | PLEASANT GALES | MOSTLY FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273682 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-13T11:00 | -31.18 | 14.73 | 50 | 4.6 | N40W | 83.00 | -18 | SSE, ESE, ENE, N, ENE | LIGHT GALES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273683 | |||||||
| 1751-05-14T11:00 | -30.00 | 13.85 | 50 | N40W | 82.00 | -18 | NEBE, E, CALM, NEBE, ENE | FIRST MODERATE AND CALM | GREAT DEAL OF RAIN FOLLOWED BY FLYING SHOWERS | LATTER CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273684 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-15T11:00 | -29.73 | 13.78 | 252 | 1.0 | N12W | 20.00 | -18 | NE, CALM, ENE, NWBW, W | LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | MOSTY FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273685 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-16T11:00 | -29.22 | 13.50 | 106 | 1.0 | N37W | 28.00 | -18 | CALM, EBS, SE, SEBE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | CLEAR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273686 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-17T11:00 | -28.63 | 13.18 | 361 | 2.6 | N37W | 31.00 | -18 | CALM, SWBW, WBS, CALM | LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273687 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-18T11:00 | -28.43 | 13.15 | 342 | 0.0 | N23W | 5.00 | -18 | CALM, WNW, W, CALM, N | CALM | SWELL FROM THE W | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273688 | |||||||
| 1751-05-19T11:00 | -27.18 | 13.52 | 320 | N17E | 74.00 | -18 | N, NNW, NW, NWBW, NBW, NNW | SWELL FROM THE W | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 273689 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-20T11:00 | -26.27 | 13.43 | 218 | 0.0 | N6W | 48.00 | -18 | NWBN, NWBW, SWBW | FIRST AND MID MODERATE, LATTER CALM | LARGE SWELL FORM THE W | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273690 | |||||||
| 1751-05-21T11:00 | -25.60 | 12.98 | 207 | 2.6 | NW | 38.00 | -18 | WSW, CALM, SWBS, SW | LIGHT BREEZES WITH CALMS | LARGE SWELL FORM THE W | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273691 | |||||||
| 1751-05-22T11:00 | -24.57 | 11.93 | 164 | 15.4 | N48W | 85.00 | -16 | SSW, SEBE, S | MODERATE GALES | SWELL MUCH FALLEN | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273692 | |||||||
| 1751-05-23T11:00 | -23.10 | 10.45 | 142 | 9.3 | N46W | 124.00 | -16 | SEBE, SEBS, SSE | PLEASANT GALES | CLOSE | SMOOTH WATER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273693 | ||||||
| 1751-05-24T11:00 | -21.38 | 8.98 | 129 | 9.3 | N40W | 138.00 | -17 | SSE, S, SBE, SEBS | PLEASANT TRADE | CLOSE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273694 | |||||||
| 1751-05-25T12:00 | -19.43 | 7.22 | 132 | 12.3 | N41W | 162.00 | -15 | SEBS, SSE, SEBS | FRESH TRADE | CLOSE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273695 | |||||||
| 1751-05-26T12:00 | -17.82 | 5.77 | 166 | 12.3 | N41W | 133.00 | -15 | SEBS, S | STEADY TRADE | CLOSE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273696 | |||||||
| 1751-05-27T12:00 | -16.42 | 4.30 | 143 | 9.3 | N46W | 123.00 | -15 | SEBS, SBE, S, SSE | EASY TRADE | CLOSE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273697 | |||||||
| 1751-05-28T12:00 | -16.08 | 2.13 | 156 | 9.3 | W3/4N | 132.00 | -13 | SSE, SEBE, WBS, S, SBE | PLEASANT TRADE | CLOSE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273698 | |||||||
| 1751-05-29T12:00 | -16.05 | 0.02 | 145 | 12.3 | W | 127.00 | -13 | S, SWBS, WSW, SSE | FRESH TRADE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273699 | ||||||||
| 1751-05-30T12:00 | -15.88 | -1.32 | 325 | 9.3 | N83W | 81.00 | -13 | SE, SEBS, SWBW, SE, NNW | PLEASANT TRADE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273700 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-12T12:00 | -15.87 | -6.10 | 349 | 2.6 | ST HELENA | ESE | 5 | 13.00 | -11 | SE, CALM, N | LIGHT BREEZES AND CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273701 | ||||||
| 1751-06-13T12:00 | -15.55 | -6.20 | 214 | 0.0 | ST HELENA | SE | 11 | 15.00 | -11 | SWBS, CALM, SW | CALM | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273702 | ||||||
| 1751-06-14T12:00 | -15.52 | -6.50 | 147 | 0.0 | ST HELENA | SE1/2E | 13 | 7.00 | -11 | CALM, NEBN, CALM, SSE | CALMS | SWELL FORM THE S | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273703 | |||||
| 1751-06-15T12:00 | -14.93 | -6.80 | 68 | 1.0 | SE | 16 | N49W | 88.00 | -11 | SEBS, ESE, E, EBN | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273704 | ||||||
| 1751-06-16T12:00 | -14.32 | -6.92 | 270 | 1.0 | N10W | 41.00 | -11 | NEBN, NNE, NWBW, NW, WBN | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273705 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-17T12:00 | -14.15 | -7.03 | 45 | 1.0 | N36W | 12.00 | -11 | NW, CALM, EBN, NEBE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273706 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-18T13:00 | -13.57 | -7.82 | 81 | 4.6 | N48W | 65.00 | -9 | NEBE, E | LIGHT GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273707 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-19T13:00 | -12.40 | -9.02 | 81 | 9.3 | N43W | 107.00 | -9 | ENE, ESE, E | PLEASANT GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273708 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-20T13:00 | -10.90 | -10.50 | 126 | 9.3 | N42W | 134.00 | -9 | EBS, SEBE, SE, SEBS, SE | PLEASANT TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273709 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-21T13:00 | -9.37 | -12.13 | 126 | 12.3 | N41W | 149.00 | -9 | SE, SEBE, ESE, SE | S | FRESH TRADE | LARGE SWELL FROM THE S | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273710 | ||||||
| 1751-06-22T13:00 | -8.15 | -13.27 | 117 | 9.3 | N40W | 106.00 | -7 | SEBE, SEBS, SEBE | MODERATE TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273711 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-23T13:00 | -6.48 | -14.78 | 127 | 9.3 | N40W | 141.00 | -8 | SEBE, SE | PLEASANT TRADE | CLOSE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273712 | |||||||
| 1751-06-24T13:00 | -4.47 | -16.37 | 138 | 12.3 | N40W | 148.00 | -8 | SEBE, SE, SEBS | FRESH TRADE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273713 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-25T13:00 | -2.60 | -17.77 | 130 | 9.3 | N39W | 134.00 | -5 | SE | SETTLED TRADE | FINE AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273714 | ||||||||
| 1751-06-26T13:00 | -0.82 | -18.75 | 84 | 9.3 | N30W | 117.00 | -6 | SE, ESE, EBS, E | PLEASANT TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 273715 |